1. Recording and composition

2. Release and commercial performance

3. Reception
    Initial response  Legacy 

4. Track listing

5. Personnel

6. Charts
    Weekly charts  Year-end charts  Certifications and sales 

7. See also

8. References

9. External links

• Art rock^[1][2]
• avant-pop^[3]
• progressive pop^[4]

The Dreaming is the fourth studio album by the English singer Kate Bush, released in 1982 via EMI Records. Recorded over two years, the album was produced entirely by Bush and is often characterized as her most uncommercial and experimental release. The Dreaming peaked at no. 3 on the UK album chart and has been certified Silver by the BPI, but initially sold less than its predecessors and was met with mixed critical reception. Five singles from the album were released, including the UK no. 11 "Sat in Your Lap" and the title track.

The critical standing of the album has improved significantly in the recent decades.^[5] Slant Magazine listed the album at #71 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s".^[5] It is also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die',^[6] the Mojo "Top 50 Eccentric Albums of All Time" list^[7] and The Word magazine's "Great Underrated Albums of Our Time" list.^[8] Musicians such as Björk and Big Boi have cited The Dreaming as one of their favourite albums.^[9][10]

Recording and composition

Bush's third album Never for Ever had been a co-production between her and Jon Kelly. For her fourth album, she elected to produce the work entirely herself. With her newfound freedom, Bush experimented with production techniques, employing a diverse blend of musical styles. She made extensive use of the Fairlight CMI digital sampling synthesizer, which she had first used on Never for Ever. She also collaborated with a variety of engineers, including Nick Launay, who had previously worked with artists such as Public Image Ltd and Phil Collins.^[5] Recording began around the release of Never for Ever, with the first demo for "Sat in Your Lap" being laid down in September 1980, inspired after Bush attended a Stevie Wonder concert.

According to critic Simon Reynolds, "armed with the Fairlight and other state-of-the-art machines, Bush pushed her existing maximalist tendencies to the brink of overload."^[13] In June 1981, the first single was released, "Sat in Your Lap", which peaked at No.11 in the UK, but the rest of the album was slow to develop, with Bush saying she suffered from writer's block.^[5] Over the summer of 1981, Bush worked on the album in Abbey Road Studios and Odyssey Studios as well as working with Irish bands Planxty and The Chieftains in Dublin.^[11] After long days in the studio, Bush decided to take a break from the album in the latter part of 1981 and resumed work in the early months of 1982 – laying overdubs and other final touches throughout the period January to May 1982 in Advision Studios.

Release and commercial performance

The album was finally released in September 1982 following the second single, title track "The Dreaming". The single performed badly, peaking at a low 48, but the album fared better, peaking at No. 3 in the UK. It however only remained on the chart for 10 weeks, making this Bush's lowest-selling album, being certified just silver.^[17][18]

In November the next (and final UK release) single, "There Goes a Tenner", was released in the UK. It failed to chart at all – Bush's only single not to enter the UK top 100.^[17] In Europe, "Suspended in Gaffa" was released instead, which performed better chartwise. Belatedly, another single, "Night of the Swallow" was released in Ireland in November 1983.

Despite the album's relatively lacklustre sales elsewhere, The Dreaming was Bush's first album to dent the US Billboard Top 200, largely due to the growing influence of college radio. Following this, an EP was released in 1983, which also charted. In 1984, her second album Lionheart was belatedly released in the US.

With the lengthy and expensive studio time used to complete the album, EMI Records were concerned at the relatively low yield of the album. Following this, Bush decided to build her own studios where she could be free to spend as much time as she liked. Although her next album was another long-gestating project, it returned Bush to the top of the charts.

The album cover depicts a scene described in the lyrics to the song "Houdini". In the picture shown, Bush is acting as Harry Houdini's wife, holding a key in her mouth, which she is about to pass on to him. The photograph is rendered in sepia, with just the gold key and Bush's eye make-up showing any colour. The man with her on the cover photograph was her bass player, engineer and former long-time partner Del Palmer.

Reception

Initial response

Upon its release, The Dreaming met with a mixed critical reception. Many were baffled by the unconventional techniques and dense soundscapes Bush had employed.^[27] Writing for Smash Hits, Neil Tennant described the album as "very weird. She’s obviously trying to become less commercial."^[27] Colin Irwin of Melody Maker wrote that "initially it is bewildering and not a little preposterous, but try to hang on through the twisted overkill and the historic fits and there's much reward." He labelled "Suspended in Gaffa" the only "vaguely conventional track" and predicted the album failing in the charts. American critic Robert Christgau wrote that "the revelation is the dense, demanding music," calling it "the most impressive Fripp/Gabriel-style art-rock album of the postpunk refulgence."^[26] Jon Young of Trouser Press called it "a triumph of inventive songwriting and unpredictable performances" but warned that "its sensory overload will drive away the less than dedicated."^[28]

Legacy

In a later review AllMusic called it "a theatrical and abstract piece of work," as well as "a brilliant predecessor to the charming beauty of 1985's Hounds of Love."^[20] The Quietus called it "a brave volte face from a mainstream artist" and "a startlingly modern record too," noting its "organic hybridization, the use of digital and analogue techniques, its use of modern wizadry to access atavistic states."^[27] In 2014, critic Simon Reynolds called The Dreaming a "wholly unfettered mistress-piece" and "a delirious, head-spinning experience."^[29] Bush herself has called The Dreaming her "I've gone mad album" and said it wasn't particularly commercial. On later revisiting the album she said she was surprised by the sound, saying that it was quite an angry record.^[30] Uncut has said that it was a "multi-layered, polyrhythmic and wildly experimental album [and] remains a landmark work".^[31]

In recent years, musicians such as Björk and Big Boi cited The Dreaming as one of their favourite albums of all time.^[32][33]

Track listing

All songs written and arranged by Kate Bush. Pipes and strings on track 7 arranged by Bill Whelan, string arrangement on track 9 by Dave Lawson and Andrew Powell.

Personnel

• Kate Bush – vocals, piano (exc. 4), programming, electronic drums, Fairlight CMI synthesizer (1, 2, 5–10), Yamaha CS-80 (2), strings (4)
• Paddy Bush – sticks (1), mandolins and strings (4), bullroarer (6)
• Geoff Downes – Fairlight CMI trumpet section (1)
• Jimmy Bain – bass guitar (1, 5, 10)
• Del Palmer – bass guitar (2, 4, 8), fretless and 8 string bass (7)
• Preston Heyman – drums (1, 3, 5, 10), sticks (1)
• Stuart Elliott – drums (2, 4, 6–9), sticks (4), percussion (8)
• Dave Lawson – Synclavier (2, 4)
• Brian Bath – electric guitar (3)
• Danny Thompson – string bass (3)
• Ian Bairnson – acoustic guitar (5)
• Alan Murphy – electric guitar (5, 10)
• Rolf Harris – didgeridoo (6)
• Liam O'Flynn – penny whistle and uilleann pipes (7)
• Seán Keane – fiddle (7)
• Dónal Lunny – bouzouki (7)
• Eberhard Weber – double bass (9)

Other voices

• Paddy Bush, Ian Bairnson, Stewart Arnold and Gary Hurst – backing vocals (1)
• Paddy Bush – backing vocals (6, 10)
• David Gilmour – backing vocals (3)
• Percy Edwards – animals (6)
• Gosfield Goers – crowd (6)
• Richard Thornton – choirboy (8)
• Gordon Farrell – "Houdini" (9)
• Del Palmer – "Rosabel Believe" (9)
• Paul Hardiman – "Eeyore" (10)
• Esmail Sheikh – drum talk (10)

Technical

• Kate Bush – producer
• Paul Hardiman – recording engineer at Advision and Odyssey Studios, all mixes at Advision Studios
• Teri Reed, David Taylor – assistant engineers
• David Taylor – mixing assistant
• Haydn Bendall – engineer at Abbey Road Studios
• Danny Dawson and John Barrett – assistant engineers
• Hugh Padgham and Nick Launay – engineer at Townhouse Studios
• George Chambers, Howard Gray and Nick Cook – assistant engineers
• Peter Wooliscroft – digital editing
• Ian Cooper – mastering engineer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

See also

• Kate Bush discography
• List of awards and nominations received by Kate Bush

References

External links

• The Dreaming (Adobe Flash) at Radio3Net (streamed copy where licensed)

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