| 词条 | Siphonophorida |
| 释义 |
| name = Siphonophorida | image = Female Illacme plenipes (MIL0020) with 618 legs - ZooKeys-241-077-SP-6-left.jpg | image_caption=Illacme plenipes | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Diplopoda | subclassis = Chilognatha | infraclassis=Helminthomorpha | ordo = Siphonophorida | ordo_authority = Newport, 1844 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision =Siphonophoridae Siphonorhinidae |synonyms=Californizoniinae Verhoeff, 1941 }}Siphonophorida (Greek for "tube bearer") is an order of millipedes containing two families and over 100 species. This order includes the millipede with the most legs, Illacme plenipes.[1] DescriptionMillipedes in the order Siphonophorida are long and worm-like, reaching up to {{convert|36|mm|in}} in length and up to 190 body segments. Eyes are absent, and in many species the head is elongated into a long beak, with mandibles highly reduced. The beak may serve in a suctorial function. The body has a dense covering of fine setae. Each body segment consists of a dorsal tergite, two lateral pleurites, and ventral sternite, which are unfused. The male reproductive appendages (gonopods) are simple and leg-like, consisting of the ninth and 10th leg pairs. This lack of specialization has led to Siphonophorida being called a "taxonomist's nightmare",[1] and Jeekel (cited in[1]) jokingly gave the order the "taxonomists' award for least popular group among diplopods".[2] DistributionSiphonophorida occurs from southwestern USA to Brazil and Peru in the western hemisphere, as well as South Africa, India, southeast Asia and Australia.[3] ClassificationTwo families are traditionally recognized. Differences between the two families include antennae and head structure: the large family Siphonophoridae, with over 100 species, has elongate beak-like mouthparts, and straight antennae with sensory pits on the fifth and sixth antennal segments ("antennomeres)". The family Siphonorhinidae, with only around 10 species, lacks the beak-like mouthparts, and has elbowed antennae lacking sensory pits on the fifth and sixth antennomere. The siphonorhinid genus Nematozonium with two species, is sometimes placed in its own monotypic family, Nematozoniidae.[1] Family Siphonophoridae Newport, 1844
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|authors=Read, H. J., & Enghoff, H. |year=2009|title= The order Siphonophorida– A taxonomist’s nightmare? Lessons from a Brazilian collection|journal= Soil Organisms| volume=81|pages= 543–556|url=http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/soilorganisms/volume_81_3/22_read.pdf}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders|url=http://fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_1.pdf|work=Milli-PEET Identification Tables|publisher=The Field Museum, Chicago|accessdate=25 October 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Geographic distribution of Millipede Families|url=http://fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_3.pdf|work=Milli-PEET Identification Tables|publisher=The Field Museum, Chicago|accessdate=25 October 2013}} External links{{Portal|Arthropods}}
2 : Millipede orders|Siphonophorida |
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