“1980 World Series”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The 1980 World Series was the 77th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series and the conclusion of the 1980 Major League Baseball season. A best-of-seven playoff, it matched the National League (NL) champion Philadelphia Phillies against the American League (AL) champion Kansas City Royals. The Phillies defeated the Royals four games to two to capture the club's first World Series championship in franchise history. Phillies third baseman Mike Schmidt was named as the World Series MVP. The series concluded with Game 6, which ended with Tug McGraw striking out Willie Wilson at 11:29 pm on October 21, 1980. Wilson set a World Series record by striking out twelve times (after getting 230 hits in the regular season) in the six-game set.

Game 6 is also significant because it stands as the "most-watched game in World Series history" with a television audience of 54.9 million viewers.^[1]

The Kansas City Royals became the second expansion team, and the first American League expansion team, to appear in the World Series. The AL would have to wait until 1985 before one of their expansion teams—the Royals themselves—would win a World Series.

This was the first World Series played entirely on artificial turf. This was also the first World Series since 1920, and the last to date, in which neither team had won a World Series before, making the only remaining possible such combination a competition between the AL's Seattle Mariners and the NL's Washington Nationals. With their victory, the Phillies became the final team out of the original 16 MLB teams to win a World Series. However, a Philadelphia team had won a World Series before, the last being the Philadelphia Athletics in {{wsy|1930}}, exactly a half-century before this Series; in a twist of fate, the Athletics would play 13 years in Kansas City before eventually settling in Oakland.

Background

The Philadelphia Phillies won the National League East division by one game over the Montreal Expos then defeated the Houston Astros, three games to two, to win the National League Championship Series. The Kansas City Royals won the American League West division by fourteen games over the Oakland Athletics then swept the New York Yankees for the American League pennant.

Two first-year managers, Dallas Green of the Phillies and Jim Frey of the Royals, found themselves with an opportunity to do what no other manager had done before them, win a first World Championship for their respective clubs. This was the first appearance for the Phillies since losing to the New York Yankees in the 1950 Series and just their third overall, having lost also to the Boston Red Sox in 1915.

The Royals entered the league as an expansion team in 1969. They had early success under the leadership of Whitey Herzog, winning their division from 1976 to 1978, but each year they would lose to the New York Yankees in the American League Championship Series, exacting revenge with a sweep of the Yankees in the 1980 ALCS. The Phillies had a strikingly similar run entering this Series, as they were also divisional winners from 1976 to 1978, losing to the Cincinnati Reds in 1976 NLCS and the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1977 and 1978, before regrouping in 1980 and triumphing over the Houston Astros in the League Championship Series.

Philadelphia Phillies

The Phillies seemed to have it all, including eventual 1980 Most Valuable Player, third-baseman Mike Schmidt (48 HR, 121 RBI, .286 BA) and Cy Young Award winner, lefty Steve Carlton (24–9, 2.34 ERA). This mostly veteran club finished between first and third in almost all offensive categories in the [https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL_1980.shtml National League]. Thirty-nine-year-old Pete Rose led the club in hits (185) and doubles (42), while speedsters center fielder Garry Maddox and utility outfielder Lonnie Smith combined for 68 steals. The pitching staff was just good enough, led by Carlton and 17-game-winner Dick Ruthven. In the bullpen was the ever enthusiastic screwballer Tug McGraw, who was making his third trip to the Series, having ridden the bench with the New York Mets, winning in {{wsy|1969}} and losing in {{wsy|1973}}.

Kansas City Royals

The Royals had a Most Valuable Player of their own in the indomitable superstar, third-baseman George Brett, who flirted with the sacred .400 mark all summer with an average above .400 as late as September 19, before settling for a .390 batting average. The unquestioned heart and soul of the Royals was surrounded by a solid corps including veteran Royals, Amos Otis, super-designated-hitter, Hal McRae, solid second-baseman, Frank White and switch-hitter Willie Wilson who finished the season with 230 hits and 79 stolen bases. The pitching staff had six players with ten or more wins, led by twenty-game-winner Dennis Leonard (20–11, 3.79) and left-hander Larry Gura (18–10, 2.95). Submariner Dan Quisenberry won twelve games out of the bullpen and accumulated 33 saves, tied for best in the American League with Rich Gossage.^[2]

Summary

Matchups

Game 1

The Royals jumped on Phillies rookie starter Bob Walk (who became the first rookie to start the first game of a World Series since Joe Black of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1952) early with a pair of two-run home runs, one by Amos Otis in the second and another by Willie Aikens in the third. In their half of the third, the Phils rallied off Dennis Leonard. Larry Bowa singled with one out, stole second and scored on Bob Boone's double. Lonnie Smith's RBI single then cut the Royals' lead to 3–2, but Smith was tagged out at second. After a walk and hit-by-pitch, a three-run home run by Bake McBride put the Phillies up 5–4. Next inning, Manny Trillo singled and later scored on Boone's double to knock Leonard out of the game. After loading the bases in the fifth on a single, hit-by-pitch, and walk off Renie Martin, Garry Maddox's sacrifice fly made it 7–4 Phillies. Despite Aikens' hitting another two-run home run in the eighth off Walk to cut the lead to one, Tug McGraw was able to hold on for a 7–6 Phillies victory. Prior to 1980, the Phillies had not won a World Series game since Game 1 of the 1915 World Series against the Boston Red Sox.{{citation needed|date = December 2012}}

Game 2

Game 2 was a pitchers' duel between left-handers Larry Gura and Steve Carlton. After a one-out single and subsequent double in the fifth, Manny Trillo's sacrifice fly and Larry Bowa's RBI single put the Phillies up 2–0. The Royals cut it to 2–1 when Amos Otis scored from second on Trillo's error on Willie Aikens's ground ball in the sixth. Carlton looked in control until, acting on a complaint from Kansas City manager Jim Frey that Carlton was using a foreign substance on the ball, the umpires made Carlton wash his hands.^[9] In the seventh, Carlton then loaded the bases on three walks and Amos Otis ripped a double into the left-field corner to drive in two, then John Wathan's sacrifice fly extended the Royals' lead to 4–2. The Phillies rallied to go up on the Royals in the eighth. After a leadoff walk, Del Unser's RBI double off Dan Quisenberry cut the Royals' lead to 4–3. After a groundout, an RBI single by Bake McBride past the drawn-in infield tied the game, then Mike Schmidt drove in the go-ahead run with a double off the right-center-field wall, and Keith Moreland added an insurance run with an RBI single. Ron Reed picked up the save in the ninth as Philadelphia went up 2–0 heading to Kansas City.

Game 3

K.C. got back in the series with a thrilling extra inning victory in Game 3. George Brett, having returned from minor surgery after Game 2, began the scoring with a Home Run into the right-field stands in the first off Dick Ruthven. The Phillies loaded the bases in the second off Rich Gale with one out on two singles and a walk, but only scored once on Lonnie Smith's groundout. In the fourth, Willie Aikens tripled with one out and scored on Hal McRae's single, but Mike Schmidt's home run in the fifth again tied the game. Amos Otis gave the Royals a 3–2 lead in the seventh with a home run, but Pete Rose's RBI single with two on in the eighth off Renie Martin again tied the game.. The game headed into extra innings and in the bottom of the tenth, Willie Aikens drove in Willie Wilson with a single to left-center for the game-winning run off Tug McGraw.

Game 4

A beautiful Saturday afternoon was the setting for Game 4. The Royals jumped all over Phillies starter Larry Christenson in the bottom of the first. Willie Wilson doubled, George Brett tripled him in, and Willie Aikens smashed his third home run of the series. The onslaught continued when Amos Otis doubled in Hal McRae, who had also doubled, to give the Royals a 4–0 lead right out of the gate. After the Phillies scored a run in the second on Larry Bowa's RBI single off Dennis Leonard, Aikens hit his second home run of the game in the bottom half and became the first player in World Series history to have a pair of two-home run games. The Phillies cut away at the Royals' lead on sacrifice flies by Bob Boone off Leonard in the seventh and Mike Schmidt off Dan Quisenberry in the eighth (the run charged to Leonard), but fell short as Leonard held them in check and Dan Quisenberry finished the game to help Leonard atone for his Game 1 loss. The Royals won 5–3 to tie the series. Despite the Royals victory, Game 4 is best remembered for Dickie Noles' fourth-inning brushback pitch under Brett's chin that ultimately prompted the umpires to issue warnings to each team. Brett told Baseball Digest in March 1998 that he had "no idea if that [brushback pitch by Noles] turned the Series around. All I know is we lost." Mike Schmidt, in his book Clearing The Bases, called it "the greatest brushback in World Series history." Aikens later said that he had been expecting it to happen to him, in retaliation for his two home runs.^[10]

Game 5

Game 5 would be the pivotal game as the Phillies went up 3 games to 2. The game was scoreless until the fourth when Mike Schmidt hit a two-run home run to right-center off Larry Gura. After two leadoff singles and a sacrifice bunt, George Brett's RBI groundout in the fifth off Marty Bystrom cut the Phillies' lead to 2–1. Next inning, the red-hot Amos Otis tied the game with a leadoff home run. After two singles, Bystrom was replaced by Ron Reed, who allowed a sacrifice fly to U L Washington to put the Royals up 3–2. After the Phillies threw out a K.C. runner at the plate to keep the game a one-run affair, they marched to victory by coming back in the ninth off Dan Quisenberry. Schmidt led off the inning with a single, and Del Unser drove him home all the way from first with a double down the right-field line. After a bunt moved Unser to third, Manny Trillo drove in the go-ahead run with a line shot that ricocheted off pitcher Dan Quisenberry for an infield hit. In the bottom of the ninth, the Royals threatened by loading the bases with two out. The Royals Stadium crowd were standing hoping for a dramatic K.C. win. But Tug McGraw silenced the crowd by striking out José Cardenal with a high fastball to end the game.

Game 6

Game 6 would be the culmination of the first Phillies championship ever. After loading the bases in the third on a single, error, and walk off Rich Gale, Philadelphia scored two on a Mike Schmidt single. In the fifth, Renie Martin allowed a double and walk, then Bake McBride's RBI groundout off Paul Splittorff made it 3–0 Phillies. Next inning, Larry Bowa doubled with two outs and scored on Bob Boone's single, making it 4–0 Phillies. Steve Carlton pitched seven innings while Tug McGraw pitched two for the save. Kansas City threatened by loading the bases in the eighth and the ninth, but only scored one run, on UL Washington's sacrifice fly in the eighth. In the final frame, a foul popup by Frank White near the first base dugout came out of Phillies catcher Bob Boone's glove only to be caught by Pete Rose, who came right by Boone's side. Then McGraw struck out Willie Wilson for the third and final out. It was the 12th time Wilson struck out in this Series, setting a new World Series record. The previous mark had been eleven, jointly held by Eddie Mathews and Wayne Garrett in {{wsy|1958}} and {{wsy|1973}}, respectively. Ryan Howard would break Wilson's record by striking out 13 times in the 2009 World Series, ironically on a Phillies team which lost to the New York Yankees.{{citation needed|date = December 2012}}

Boone's knees were so sore by the end of the World Series that he could barely make it to the mound after the final out was recorded.{{citation needed|date = December 2012}}

When the modern-day World Series began in 1903, the National and American Leagues each had eight teams. With their victory in the 1980 World Series, the Phillies became the last of the "Original Sixteen" franchises to win a Series (although it should be noted that the St. Louis Browns never won a Series in St. Louis, having to wait until 1966, twelve years after they had become the Baltimore Orioles).{{citation needed|date = December 2012}}

While Mike Schmidt was the official MVP of the 1980 World Series, the Babe Ruth Award (another World Series MVP) was given to Tug McGraw.{{citation needed|date = December 2012}}

Composite box

1980 World Series (4–2): Philadelphia Phillies (N.L.) over Kansas City Royals (A.L.)

Broadcasting

NBC broadcast the Series on television, with play-by-play announcer Joe Garagiola, color commentators Tony Kubek and Tom Seaver, and field reporter Merle Harmon. Bryant Gumbel anchored the pre- and post-game shows, while former pitching great Bob Gibson and umpire Ron Luciano also contributed to NBC's coverage.

CBS Radio also carried the Series nationally, with Vin Scully handling the play-by-play and Sparky Anderson the color commentary. Win Elliot anchored the pre- and post-game shows for the network.

At this time CBS Radio held total broadcast exclusivity for the World Series, including in each team's market. Thousands of Phillies fans were outraged that they could not hear local team announcers Harry Kalas and Richie Ashburn call the games. They deluged the team, the networks, and the Commissioner's office with angry letters and petitions. The following year Major League Baseball changed its broadcast contract to allow the flagship radio stations for participating World Series teams to produce and air their own local Series broadcasts. The CBS Radio feed could potentially be heard in those markets on another station which held CBS's rights.^[12]^[13] When the Phillies next won a World Series, in {{wsy|2008}}, Kalas was able to make the call of the final out.

This Series is tied with the 1978 World Series for the highest overall television ratings to date, with the six games averaging a Nielsen rating of 32.8 and a share of 56.^[14]

Aftermath

Minutes after the final out, Pennsylvania Governor Dick Thornburgh issued a proclamation declaring the next day "Philadelphia Phillies Day" in the state.^[15]^[16] That day, a parade down Broad Street celebrated the Phillies win.^[17] About half a million attended the parade, the first ticker-tape parade down Broad Street since the Flyers won the Stanley Cup in 1975,^[17] as it made its way to John F. Kennedy Stadium.^[17] Another 800,000 gathered around the stadium.^[17] The parade was part of a day of statewide celebrations throughout Pennsylvania, per Thornburgh's proclamation.^[17]

In 1980, all four of Philadelphia's major professional sports teams played for the championship of their respective sports, but only the Phillies were victorious. The Sixers lost to the Los Angeles Lakers in mid-May, eight days later the Flyers lost to the New York Islanders, and the Eagles would lose to the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV in January 1981.{{Citation needed|date = November 2016}}

Soon after the World Series, members of both teams played for a week on Family Feud with host Richard Dawson. The week of shows was billed as a World Series Rematch Week. The Royals won three out of the five games played, with all the money going to charity.{{citation needed|date = December 2012}}

The 1980 World Series was the first of numerous World Series that journeyman outfielder Lonnie Smith (then with the Phillies) participated in. He was also a part of the 1982 World Series (as a member of the St. Louis Cardinals), 1985 World Series (as a member of the Kansas City Royals), and the {{wsy|1991}} and 1992 World Series as a member of the Atlanta Braves. The two Braves seasons were the only years in which he played for the losing team in the Series.{{citation needed|date = December 2012}}

Three men who played in the 1980 Series (John Vukovich, Dan Quisenberry, and Tug McGraw) have died of brain cancer. (Bobby Murcer and Johnny Oates, who played for the New York Yankees against the Royals in that year's ALCS, also succumbed to the disease, as did 1980 Yankees manager Dick Howser, who also managed the Royals to the 1985 World Series title, and Ken Brett, who pitched for Kansas City in the 1980–81 regular seasons.) Royals pitcher Paul Splittorff died of melanoma and oral cancer May 25, 2011. Umpire Bill Kunkel died of colon cancer on May 4, 1985.

Notes

1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Sandomir|first1=Richard|title=Baseball World Series: Postseason Vanishing From Broadcast Networks|journal=The New York Times|date=18 October 2014|volume=CLXIV|issue=56,657|pages=D4|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/18/sports/cables-ascent-tests-baseball-fans-and-their-fingers.html|accessdate=25 October 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=1980 American League Pitching Leaders|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/AL/1980-pitching-leaders.shtml|website=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=12 October 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1980/B10140PHI1980.htm|title=1980 World Series Game 1 – Kansas City Royals vs. Philadelphia Phillies|accessdate=September 13, 2009|publisher=Retrosheet}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1980/B10150PHI1980.htm|title=1980 World Series Game 2 – Kansas City Royals vs. Philadelphia Phillies|accessdate=September 13, 2009|publisher=Retrosheet}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1980/B10170KCA1980.htm|title=1980 World Series Game 3 – Philadelphia Phillies vs. Kansas City Royals|accessdate=September 13, 2009|publisher=Retrosheet}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1980/B10180KCA1980.htm|title=1980 World Series Game 4 – Philadelphia Phillies vs. Kansas City Royals|accessdate=September 13, 2009|publisher=Retrosheet}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1980/B10190KCA1980.htm|title=1980 World Series Game 5 – Philadelphia Phillies vs. Kansas City Royals|accessdate=September 13, 2009|publisher=Retrosheet}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1980/B10210PHI1980.htm|title=1980 World Series Game 6 – Kansas City Royals vs. Philadelphia Phillies|accessdate=September 13, 2009|publisher=Retrosheet}}
9. ^During Game 2 of the 2006 World Series on October 22, 2006, the television announcers on Fox related this story when the FOX cameras picked up an inexplicable foreign substance on Kenny Rogers's hand.
10. ^{{cite web | title=Dickie Noles remembers hurling a bean ball at George Brett's face | url=http://www.philly.com/philly/sports/Dickie_Noles_remembers_hurling_a_bean_ball_at_George_Bretts_face.html | website=Philly.com|date=August 1, 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/wsshares.shtml|title=World Series Gate Receipts and Player Shares|accessdate=June 14, 2009|publisher=Baseball Almanac| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090502011628/http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/wsshares.shtml| archivedate= May 2, 2009 | deadurl= no}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19810215&id=lN8hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6KAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4681,3232780|title=Radio Stations May Use Announcers for Series|newspaper=Reading Eagle|date=February 15, 1981|page=98}}
13. ^{{cite book|last=Miller|first=Randy|title=Harry the K: The Remarkable Life of Harry Kalas|year=2010|publisher=Running Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0-7624-3896-7|pages=169–173}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/wstv.shtml|title=World Series Television Ratings|publisher=Baseball Almanac|accessdate=January 31, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100115024001/http://baseball-almanac.com/ws/wstv.shtml| archivedate= January 15, 2010 | deadurl= no}}
15. ^{{cite news|quote=Governor Richard Thornburgh declared (today) Philadelphia Phillies Day in the state.|title=City of Philadelphia Bursts into Bedlam After Last Pitch|date=October 22, 1980|first=William|last=Robbins|newspaper=New York Times|page=B5}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=On the whole, they'd rather be in...|date=October 21, 1980|agency=United Press International}}
17. ^¹²³⁴{{cite news|title=On the Whole, Philadelphia Would Rather Celebrate|date=October 23, 1980|first=William|last=Robbins|newspaper=New York Times|page=A16}}