词条 | The Ghan | |||||
释义 |
|box_width = |name = The Ghan |logo = |logo_width = |image = The Ghan, Alice Springs, 2015 (06).JPG |image_width = |caption =The Ghan at Alice Springs in July 2015 |type = Transcontinental passenger rail |status = Operating |locale = Australia |first = 1929 |last = |operator = Great Southern Rail |formeroperator= Commonwealth Railways Australian National |ridership = |start = Adelaide Parklands Terminal |stops = |end = Darwin |distance = {{convert|2979|km|mi|abbr=on}} |journeytime = |frequency = Weekly |line_used = Adelaide–Darwin railway |class = |access = |seating = Yes |sleeping = Yes |autorack = |catering = |observation = |entertainment= |baggage = |otherfacilities= |stock = Commonwealth Railways stainless steel carriage stock |gauge = {{RailGauge|1435mm}} |el = |speed = |map = {{nowrap|Interactive map}} |map_state = }}{{The Ghan}}The Ghan is an Australian passenger train service between Adelaide, Alice Springs and Darwin on the Adelaide–Darwin railway. Operated by Great Southern Rail, it takes 54 hours to travel the {{convert|2979|km|mi}} with a four-hour stopover in Alice Springs.[1] EtymologyThe service's name is an abbreviated version of its previous nickname, The Afghan Express. The nickname is reputed to have been bestowed in 1923 by one of its crews.[2] Some suggest the train's name honours Afghan camel drivers who arrived in Australia in the late 19th century to help the British colonisers find a way to reach the country's interior.[3] A contrary view is that the name was a veiled insult. In 1891, the railway from Quorn reached remote Oodnadatta where an itinerant population of around 150 cameleers were based, generically called "Afghans". "The Ghan Express" name originated with train crews in the 1890s as a taunt to officialdom because, when an expensive sleeping car was put on from Quorn to Oodnadatta, "on the first return journey the only passenger was an Afghan", mocking its commercial viability.[4] By as early as 1924, because of the notorious unreliability of this fortnightly steam train, European pastoralists commonly called it "in ribald fashion The Afghan Express".[5] By 1951, when steam engines were replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, this disparaging derivation, like the cameleers, had faded away. Modern marketing has completed the name turnabout. OperationsThe Ghan was privatised in 1997 and has since then been operated by Great Southern Rail, initially as part of the Serco Group. GSR was sold to Allegro Funds, a Sydney investment fund, in March 2015.[6]The train usually runs weekly year-round. During December 2012 and January 2013 it ran only once every two weeks.[1] Until 2016, a second service operated between June and September.[1][7] The train stops at Adelaide, Alice Springs, Katherine and Darwin; the stops at Alice Springs and Katherine allow time for passengers to take optional tours.[8] Each train has 16 to 38 stainless steel carriages, built by Comeng, Granville, in the late 1960s / early 1970s for the Indian Pacific, plus a motorail wagon.[9] The average length of the train is {{convert|774|m}}.[10] A Pacific National NR class locomotive, plus a second locomotive if necessary, usually hauls the train, but occasionally other engines assist, such as an AN class or a DL class locomotive. HistoryStarting in August 1929, The Ghan ran on the Central Australian Railway, originally built as a {{RailGauge|1067 mm}} narrow-gauge railway to Alice Springs. In 1957, the {{railgauge|1435 mm}} standard gauge Stirling North to Marree line opened, and the Ghan was curtailed to operate only north of Marree.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} In October 1980 the remainder of the line was replaced by a standard-gauge line built to the west of the original line. An extension north from Alice Springs to Darwin opened in January 2004.[11] Original GhanConstruction of what was then known as the Port Augusta to Government Gums Railway began in 1878 when Premier of South Australia William Jervois broke ground at Port Augusta.[2] The {{convert|3|ft|6|in|mm|abbr=on|order=flip}} line reached Hawker in June 1880, Beltana in July 1881, Marree in January 1884 and Oodnadatta in January 1891.[12] Work on the extension to Alice Springs began in 1926,[13] and was completed in 1929. Until then, the final leg of the train journey was still made by camel.[14] Although there were plans from the beginning to extend the line to Darwin, by the time the extension to Alice Springs had been completed, The Ghan was losing money and the plans for further extension to Darwin were suspended indefinitely.[15] The original Ghan line followed the same track as the overland telegraph, which is believed to be the route taken by John McDouall Stuart during his 1862 crossing of Australia.[16] The Ghan service was notorious for delays caused by washouts of the track. A flatcar immediately behind the locomotive carried spare sleepers and railway tools, so passengers and crew could repair the line. The very uncertain service via this route was tolerated because steam locomotives needed large quantities of water, and Stuart's route to Alice Springs was the only one that had sufficient available water.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} During World War II the service had to be greatly expanded, putting great pressure on the limited water supplies. As a result, de-mineralisation towers, some of which survive to this day, were built along the track so that bore water could be used. When a new line to Alice Springs was built in the 1970s, the use of diesel locomotives meant that there was far less need for water, thus allowing the line to take the much drier route from Tarcoola to Alice Springs. The original Ghan was featured in an episode of BBC Television's series Great Railway Journeys of the World in 1980, presented by Michael Frayn. New lineThe original Ghan ran for the last time in 1980,[14] and the Ghan Preservation Society repairs sections of the old narrow gauge track and some of the sidings.[17] In October 1980, a new standard gauge line from Tarcoola to Alice Springs on the Trans-Australian Railway opened, and the train took the form it has today. The new line is approximately {{convert|160|km|mi}} west of the former line in order to avoid floodplains where the original line was often washed away during heavy rain.[14] It was also hoped that the construction of the new line would improve the train's timekeeping.[15] In November 1998, one service per week was extended from Adelaide to Melbourne while from April 1999, the other was diverted to operate to Sydney.[18][19] Connection to DarwinConstruction of Alice Springs–Darwin line was believed to be the second-largest civil engineering project in Australia, and the largest since the creation of the Snowy Mountains Scheme (built 1949–1974).[20][21] Line construction began in July 2001, with the first passenger train reaching Darwin on 3 February 2004, after 126 years of planning and waiting[22][23] and at a cost of A$1.3 billion.[24] The Ghan's arrival in Darwin signified a new era of tourism in the Northern Territory,[25] making travel to the region easier and more convenient as well as providing better access to and for Aboriginal communities in the region.[26] The rail link will allow for more freight to travel through the region, leading to a hope that Darwin will serve as another trade link with Asia.[27]In preparation for the connection to Darwin, one of the locomotives was named after Steve Irwin in a hope that the internationally recognised face of Australia would help promote the new service and tourism to the region.[28] Media depictionsThe modern Ghan has featured in an episode of Channel 5's series Chris Tarrant: Extreme Railways, and the Mighty Trains series.[29] In 2018 it was also the subject of SBS's slow television documentary called 'The Ghan: Australia's Greatest Train Journey'. The entire journey from Adelaide to Darwin was condensed into a three hour show with no voiceover, much of it featuring footage directly from the front of the train.[30] An extended 17-hour version of the show, aired on SBS's secondary channel, SBS Viceland.[31] Incidents
GalleryReferences1. ^1 2 Timetables Great Southern Rail 2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Barrington R|first=Babbage J|title=History of the Pichi Railway|year=1980|publisher=Pichi Richi Railway Preservation Society|isbn=0-959850-96-1}} 3. ^{{cite news|first=|last=|title=Australia: Going, going, Ghan|date=3 March 2004|publisher=|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/03/03/outback.ghan.ap/|work=CNN|pages=|accessdate=27 January 2008|language=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911043750/http://www.cnn.com/2004/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/03/03/outback.ghan.ap/|archivedate=11 September 2007}} 4. ^News newspaper, 10 July 1937, p. 4. 5. ^Register newspaper, 20 October 1924, p. 9. 6. ^South Australia’s iconic train experience The Ghan bought by Sydney investment fund The Advertiser, 30 March 2015. Accessed 31 March 2015. 7. ^Great Southern Rail to halve services on The Ghan, Indian Pacific after Federal Government cuts ABC News, 6 August 2015. 8. ^"Want to see more of Australia along the way? Just whistle!", Great Southern Rail website. 9. ^"History" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202122818/http://www.greatsouthernrail.com.au/site/the_ghan/history.jsp |date=2 February 2012 }}, Great Southern Rail website. 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.greatsouthernrail.com.au/trains/the-ghan|title=The Ghan stats|publisher=Great Southern Rail|access-date=27 March 2019}} 11. ^A distant dream becomes reality The Age 10 January 2004 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/heritage/shas/sha_beltana.html|title=Interpreting Beltana’s History, interpretative signs around the town|publisher=Heritage South Australia, Government of South Australia|year=2006|accessdate=10 September 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919230728/http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/heritage/shas/sha_beltana.html|archivedate=19 September 2006|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^{{cite news|first=Barry|last=Mitchell|title=The Ghan|date=26 May 2006|publisher=ABC 2|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/australiawide/stories/s1648039.htm |work= Australia Wide|pages= |accessdate= 27 January 2008|language=}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite news|first=Moana |last=Tregaskis|title=On the 2 pm from Adelaide to Alice |date=16 September 1990|publisher=|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2DE1F3CF935A2575AC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print|work=The New York Times|pages=|accessdate=27 January 2008|language=}} 15. ^1 {{cite news |first=Margo|last=Pfeiff |title=Slicing Through Australia's Center |date=5 September 2004 |publisher=The San Francisco Chronicle |url= http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article/article?f=/c/a/2004/09/05/TRG2F8HL6P1.TMP |accessdate= 27 January 2008 }} 16. ^{{cite news|first=Rosamund|last=Burton|title=Into the Red|date=9 December 2006|publisher=|url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/story/0,25917,20932060-5012673,00.html|work=The Australian|pages=|accessdate=28 January 2008|language= }} 17. ^{{cite news |title=Alice Springs |date=8 February 2004 |url= http://www.theage.com.au/news/Northern-Territory/Alice-Springs/2005/02/17/1108500201577.html |work= The Age |accessdate= 28 January 2008 |location=Melbourne}} 18. ^"GSR Announce Changes to Ghan & Overland" Railway Digest August 1998 page 10 19. ^"Ghan Sydney Bound in April" Railway Digest February 1999 page 12 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-65171913.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209043504/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-65171913.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=9 February 2016|title=Work Starts This Month on Alice-Darwin Line|accessdate=16 March 2008|date=1 August 2000|author=Ian Hammond|work=International Railway Journal}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/heritagensw/mar99/7_art.htm |title=Tunnels, Dams & Power Stations |accessdate=16 March 2008 |publisher=Heritage Council of NSW |year=1998 |work=Heritage Office News |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304201802/http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/heritagensw/mar99/7_art.htm |archivedate=4 March 2012 }} 22. ^{{cite web|title=First Train|url=http://www.aarail.com.au/railway/the-project/first-train/|publisher=AustralAsia Railway Corporation|accessdate=2 February 2016}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=About the Ghan|url=http://www.aant.com.au/Travel/GreatSouthernRail/AbouttheGhan/|publisher=Automobile Association of the Northern Territory|accessdate=2 February 2016}} 24. ^{{cite news|title=Croc Hunter Launches Another Beast|date=25 September 2003|publisher= |url= http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/25/1064083124591.html|work= The Age|accessdate=27 January 2008|language=|location=Melbourne}} 25. ^{{cite news |first=Anne |last=Barker |title=International Journalists Cover the Ghan's Journey |date=3 February 2004 |publisher= |url= http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2004/s1037234.htm |work= The World Today Archive |pages= |accessdate= 27 January 2008 |language= }} 26. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Train Track Opens Awesome Outback |date=1 February 2004 |publisher= |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TRAVEL/01/31/australia.train.ap/ |work= CNN |pages= |accessdate= 27 January 2008 |language= |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070319083723/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TRAVEL/01/31/australia.train.ap/ |archivedate= 19 March 2007}} 27. ^{{cite news |first=Nick |last=Squires |title= Mile-long Train Blazes New Trail Through Parched Heart of Outback |date=15 January 2004 |publisher= |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/01/16/wtrain16.xml |work= The Telegraph |pages= |accessdate= 27 January 2008 |language= |location=London}} 28. ^{{cite news|title=Ghan's New 'Steve Irwin' Loco to Bring Tourists to Top End|date=26 September 2003|publisher=|url= http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/09/26/954373.htm|work=ABC News|pages=|accessdate=27 January 2008|language=}} 29. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.discovery.ca/extra/mighty-trains |title=Watch video online | Discovery |website=Discovery.ca |date= |accessdate=27 August 2017}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/tv-ratings/this-should-be-the-most-boring-show-on-tv-but-people-love-it/news-story/3f3300ec3768aa05ac70e88b0cf9ea0a|title=This should be the most boring show on TV but people love it|publisher=news.com.au|date=10 January 2018|accessdate=18 January 2019}} 31. ^[https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/sbs-to-air-17hour-episode-of-slow-tv-hit-the-ghan-20180111-h0go26.html SBS to air 17-hour episode of 'slow TV' hit The Ghan] The Sydney Morning Herald, 11 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2019. 32. ^{{cite news |first=Penelope |last=Debelle |title=Four Die After Ghan Collides with Packed School Bus |date=25 October 2002 |publisher= |url= http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/24/1035416934419.html |work= The Age |pages= |accessdate= 27 January 2008 |language= |location=Melbourne}} 33. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/ghan-derailment-victim-critical/2006/12/13/1165685714582.html |title=Ghan derailment victim critical |date=13 December 2006 |accessdate=13 December 2006 |work=Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=AAP}} 34. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Court finds Ghan crash driver guilty |date=1 December 2007 |publisher= |url= http://www.ntnews.com.au/article/2007/12/01/2741_ntnews.html |work= National Nine News |pages= |accessdate= 19 December 2012}} 35. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Rains Wash Section of Ghan Rail Link |date=4 March 2007 |publisher= |url= http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Rains-wash-section-of-Ghan-rail-link/2007/03/04/1172943259959.html |work= The Age |pages= |accessdate= 27 January 2008 |language= |location=Melbourne}} 36. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/travel/ghan-train-smashes-into-truck/2007/08/06/1186252597897.html|title=Ghan train smashes into truck|date=6 August 2007|accessdate=6 August 2007|work=The Age|publisher=AAP|location=Melbourne}} 37. ^{{cite news |last= Nankervis |first= David |title= Tourist Chad Vance clung to Ghan train for two hours |url= http://www.news.com.au/top-stories/tourist-chad-vance-clung-to-ghan-train-for-two-hours/story-e6frfkp9-1225727894964 |accessdate= 12 November 2012 |publisher= news.com.au |date= 7 June 2009}} Further reading{{Further reading cleanup|date=February 2018}}{{refbegin|30em}}
External links
8 : Interstate rail in Australia|Named passenger trains of Australia|Railway services introduced in 1929|Passenger rail transport in the Northern Territory|Rail transport in South Australia|1929 establishments in Australia|Adelaide-Darwin railway corridor|Luxury trains |
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