| 词条 | Smithsonian Gardens |
| 释义 |
|name = Smithsonian Gardens |image = Smithsonian Gardens.jpg |caption = Parterre of the Enid A. Haupt Garden |imagesize = |map_type = |latitude = |longitude = |established = 1972 |location = The National Mall, Washington, D.C. |type = public gardens and archives |visitors = |secretary = |director = Barbara Faust[1] |publictransit = L'Enfant Plaza Metro Stop or Smithsonian Metro Stop (Washington Metro) |website = gardens.si.edu }} The Smithsonian Gardens, a division of the Smithsonian Institution, is responsible for the "landscapes, interiorscapes, and horticulture-related collections and exhibits", which serve as an outdoor extension of the Smithsonian's museums and learning spaces in Washington, D.C.[1] Established in 1972[2] as a groundskeeping and horticulture program, Smithsonian Gardens currently manages 180 acres of gardens on the National Mall,[2] 64,000 square feet of greenhouse production space,[2] and the Archives of American Gardens, a research collection of over 60,000 photographs and archival records covering American landscape history from the 1870s to the present.[2][3][4] HistoryIn 1972, the eighth secretary of the Smithsonian, S. Dillon Ripley, established the Office of Horticulture, with the intention of extending the Smithsonian's research and education efforts to its outdoor spaces.[5] Ripley hired James R. Buckler as its first director and the first horticulturalist at the Institution.[6] The office was created at a time when gardening was increasing in popularity across the United States, and its educational mission was buoyed by this surge of interest from the public.[3] Buckler's first assignment was to research and plan for the Victorian garden that was installed between the Smithsonian Castle and Independence avenue in celebration of the United States Bicentennial in 1976. The popularity of the Victorian garden would later provide design inspiration for the Enid A. Haupt Garden's central parterre.[7] Buckler served as director of the Office of Horticulture for 23 years. Buckler was succeeded by Nancy J. Bechtol, who served as the Director of the Horticulture Services Division from 1995 until 2002.[8][9][10][11] In 2009, the Smithsonian Institution changed the name from the Horticulture Services Division to the Smithsonian Gardens;[12] the change was announced to the public in 2010.[13] Gardens and landscapesThe gardens and landscapes managed by Smithsonian Gardens include:
Smithsonian Gardens practices integrated pest management as a way of controlling garden pests in all of the gardens and landscapes it manages. These methods are intended to produce as little hazard to people and the environment as possible.[3] A plant production facility, completed in 2010, is located at the Museum Support Center in Suitland, Maryland serves as the base of production and maintenance of plant material for the gardens and horticultural exhibits throughout the Smithsonian Institution.[15][16] It houses numerous horticultural specimens, interior display plants, and also includes a greenhouse devoted to nectar plants used for the Butterfly Pavilion at the National Museum of Natural History.[17] Prior to the building of the Suitland greenhouse facility,[12] plants were cultivated in 11 greenhouses located on the grounds of the U.S. Soldiers' and Airmen's Home in Washington, D.C.[18] CollectionsSmithsonian Orchid CollectionThe Smithsonian Orchid Collection, which began with five plants in 1974,[19] and has grown into a significant conservation project as additional orchids were donated to the Smithsonian for "safekeeping" and propagation. It now comprises over 8,000 plants[19][20] representing 256 genera.[21] Specimens are featured in interior plant displays across the Smithsonian museums.[22] Archives of American GardensThe Archives of American Gardens is a research archive managed by Smithsonian Gardens, and is dedicated to providing landscape designers, historians, preservationists, students, and garden enthusiasts with access to photographic images and records that document over 6,300 historic and contemporary gardens throughout the United States.[4][23][24] Garden Furnishings and Horticultural Artifacts CollectionWith more than 2,500 items, the furnishings and artifacts in this collection provide historic insight into horticulture, floriculture, and garden design trends. Some of the antique cast-iron garden furnishings from this collection, including fountains, benches and urns, are exhibited in the Smithsonian gardens.[22] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=About Smithsonian Gardens|url=http://www.gardens.si.edu/about-us/|work=Smithsonian Gardens|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=17 October 2012}} {{Commons category|Gardens of the Smithsonian Institution}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=AHS 2012 Great American Gardeners National Award Winners|url=http://www.ahs.org/publications/the_american_gardener/12/03/AHS_GAG_Award_Winners.pdf|publisher=American Horticultural Society|accessdate=22 October 2012|date=evening of June 7, 2012}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Ottesen|first=Carole|title=A Guide to Smithsonian Gardens|year=2011|publisher=Smithsonian Books|isbn=978-1-58834-300-0|pages=20, 25}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Archives of American Gardens|url=http://www.gardens.si.edu/collections-research/archives-american-gardens.html|work=Smithsonian Gardens|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=22 October 2012}} 5. ^S. Dillon Ripley, 1913–2001 6. ^{{cite web|title=James Richard "Jim" Buckler|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?n=james-richard-buckler-jim&pid=1479030&fhid=2161#fbLoggedOut|newspaper=The Washington Post|accessdate=22 October 2012|date=October 15, 2003}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Park|first=Edwards|title=A new view from the Castle : the Smithsonian Institution's quadrangle : Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, National Museum of African Art, S. Dillon Ripley Center, Enid A. Haupt Garden|year=1987|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0-87474-749-X|pages=45|author2=Carlhian, Jean Paul }} 8. ^{{cite web|title=SIA Acc. 05-245, Smithsonian Institution Office of Facilities Management Horticulture Services Division Office of the Director, Subject Files, 1989–2003|url=http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_arc_259136|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Archives}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Nancy Bechtol|url=http://www.zoominfo.com/people/Bechtol_Nancy_314895.aspx|publisher=Zoom Info|accessdate=22 October 2012}} 10. ^{{cite web|last=May|first=Joe|title=Nineteenth Annual IAMFA Conference|url=http://www.iamfa.org/conferences/19th%20IAMFA%20recap-DC.pdf|work=PAPYRUS WINTER 2009–2010|publisher=PAPYRUS|accessdate=22 October 2012|date=Winter 2009–2010}} 11. ^{{cite journal|title=World-Class Facilities, The|journal=Facilities Engineering Journal|year=2012|volume=39|issue=July {{!}} August 2012|pages=19 of 36}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|last=Chris Matt|first=Chris Matt|title=Smithsonian Gardens: Roof Garden Poses Maintenance Challenges|url=http://www.facilitiesnet.com/groundsmanagement/article/Smithsonian-Gardens-Roof-Garden-Poses-Maintenance-Challenges--11940#|publisher=Facilities Net|accessdate=22 October 2012|date=August 2010}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Strategic Plan, FY 2010–2015|url=http://gardens.si.edu/about-us/docs/SmithsonianGardens-Plan.pdf|work=Smithsonian Gardens|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=22 October 2012}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Urban Bird Habitat Garden|url=http://www.si.edu/Exhibitions/Details/Urban-Bird-Habitat-Garden-4887|work=Exhibitions|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=24 October 2012}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Bloom Time at the Smithsonian|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/from-the-castle-bloom-time.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130203062228/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/from-the-castle-bloom-time.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=3 February 2013|work=Smithsonian Magazine|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=17 October 2012}} 16. ^{{cite web|last=NPR Staff|title=Smithsonian Catalogs Life Before The Gulf Spill|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129212121|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=23 October 2012|date=August 15, 2010}} 17. ^{{Cite news | url=http://www.mnh.si.edu/exhibits/current.html| title=Current Exhibitions | publisher=National Museum of Natural History}} 18. ^{{cite journal|last=Heyman|first=I. Michael|title=Smithsonian Perspectives|journal=Smithsonian Magazine|date=April 1997|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/heyman_apr97.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130202165132/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/heyman_apr97.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-02-02}} 19. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.goldcoastcymbidiumgrowers.com/calendar | title=17th Annual Orchid Exhibition "Orchid Mystique: Nature's Triumph | publisher=Gold Coast Cymbidium Growers | accessdate=October 23, 2012}} 20. ^{{cite web | url=http://flowers.ftd.com/flowers/Smithsonian | title=Smithsonian Flowers by FTD | publisher=FTD | accessdate=October 23, 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708210137/http://flowers.ftd.com/flowers/Smithsonian | archivedate=July 8, 2012 | df= }} 21. ^{{cite web|title=A Case Study of Nature's Jewels: A Living Exhibit of Orchids and Butterflies|publisher=Office of Policy and Analysis, Smithsonian Institution|date=August 2003}} 22. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Smithsonian Gardens Factsheet|url=http://newsdesk.si.edu/factsheets/smithsonian-gardens|work=Newsdesk|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=22 October 2012}} 23. ^{{cite web | author= | title=Landscape Studies Online Resources | work=| publisher=Foundation for Landscape Studies | url=http://www.foundationforlandscapestudies.org/index.php?p=resources&s=online_resources | accessdate= 26 January 2012}} 24. ^{{cite journal|last=Osster|first=Douglas |date=September 22, 2001|title=Gardens stay evergreen in archive|journal=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|publisher=PG Publishing Co., Inc.|location= Pittsburgh, PA|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/garden/20010922backyard0922fnp1.asp}} Further reading
External links
6 : 1972 establishments in Washington, D.C.|Smithsonian Institution museums|National Mall|Sculpture gardens, trails and parks in the United States|Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.|Members of the Cultural Alliance of Greater Washington |
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