| 词条 | Smodingium |
| 释义 |
|name = African poison ivy |image = Smodingium argutum, loof, a, Pretoria NBT.jpg |image_caption = A sprig in the Pretoria N.B.G. |image2 = Smodingium argutum, blare, Manie van der Schijff BT, a.jpg |image2_caption = Compound leaf |display_parents = 2 |genus = Smodingium |parent_authority = E.Mey. ex Sond. in Harv. & Sonder |species = argutum |authority = E.Mey. ex Sond. |}}Smodingium argutum, the African poison ivy, is a southern African shrub or medium-sized tree in the Anacardiaceae, which has properties comparable to the American poison ivy,[1] as its sap contains heptadecyl catechols that are toxic to the skin.[2] It is commonly known as the pain bush.[3] An immuno-chemical reaction is suspected as in other toxic anacardiaceous species.[1] It is monotypic in the genus Smodingium,[1] and was discovered in Pondoland by J. F. Drège during an 1832 expedition with the zoologist Andrew Smith.[1] DescriptionIt resembles Rhus species in habit and foliage. It is very variable in size, sometimes a woody shrub barely 1–2 feet high, or otherwise a tree of up to 6m. During summer it produces small, creamy green flowers arranged in large sprays.[2] The Greek generic name, meaning "durated mark",[1] alludes to its hard, flattened seeds, which are fitted with papery wings.[2] The margins of the alternately arranged, trifoliolate leaves are toothed, as suggested by its specific name, argutum, which means "sharp".[1] The foliage assumes attractive autumn colours. When damaged the twigs exude a creamy, poisonous sap, which turns black when the catechols contained in it polymerize to a melanin.[1] RangeIt occurs along the Mpumalanga escarpment, the uplands of Swaziland, the KwaZulu-Natal midlands, Pondoland and Transkei, southern Lesotho and the southern Free State.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal |last=Findlay |first=G.H. |title=Dermatitis of 'Poison Ivy' type from an indigenous South African plant - Smodingium argutum |journal=S.A. Tydskrif vir Geneeskunde |date=31 August 1963 |pages=883–888 }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q18084188}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last=Botha |first=C.J., Venter, E |title=Smodingium argutum |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2263/9725 |work=(Paraclinical Sciences - Pharmacology & Toxicology) |publisher=University of Pretoria |accessdate=21 March 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/list/7-plants-you-cant-even-touch|title=7 Dangerous Plants You Should Never Touch |author=Melissa Petruzzelloa |website=ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA }} 5 : Trees of South Africa|Ornamental trees|Monotypic Sapindales genera|Anacardiaceae|Anacardiaceae genera |
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