“Solar power in Belgium”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Installed capacity grew at an outstanding pace from 2008 until 2012, but its growth has since slowed to a steady pace. Almost all of solar power in Belgium is grid connected.^[3]

Timeline

Solar PV per capita grew to 302.8 Watts, remaining the third highest in the EU.^[2]

In 2015 Solar PV per capita amounted to 287 Watts, the third highest in the world after Germany and Italy, providing around 4% of Belgium's total electricity demand.^[3]

In the afternoon of 20 March 2014, a new record of peak electricity generation had been achieved. According to the power supplier Eneco Energie, more than two gigawatt of electric power, corresponding to two full-sized nuclear power plants, were generated by solar PV and supplied more than 20 percent of the overall electricity consumption at the time.^[12]

In 2013, Belgium's watt per capita distribution, the total installed photovoltaic capacity per inhabitant, amounted to 267 watts. This was the third highest per-capita figure in the European Union—and therefore also in the world at that time—just behind Germany (447 watts) and Italy (295 watts).^[13] In terms of the overall installed capacity of 2,983 MW, Belgium ranked tenth and belonged to the Top 10 leading photovoltaic countries in the world.^[14]^[15]

At the end of 2011 the bulk of photovoltaic capacity was installed in the Flemish Region (88%), the remaining 12% was found mostly in Wallonia. The smaller Brussels-Capital Region had an installed capacity of 7 MWp. .^[23]

In December 2009, there were 35,500 solar power installations in the Flemish region, 17,000 in Wallonia and 7,000 in the Brussels Capital Region.^[16] The number of installations in the Flemish region in particular was expanding rapidly at that time due to a favourable support measure expiring at the end of the year.^[17]

Installed capacity of solar power increased drastically after 2007.^[18] During 2009 the amount of solar installations quadrupled from 16,000 to 65,000. Residential and small installations had a combined power of about 220 MWp.^[19]

Flanders

As of July 2012 there are 42,644 photovoltaic installations in the Flemish region that receive green certificates.^[28]

Subsidies

Towards 2011, it became clear that Flemish subsidies for solar panels had a significant impact on the cost of electricity of households without a photovoltaic installation. An added cost of up to 148 EUR is charged annually. Flemish minister for Energy Freya van den Bossche admitted that subsidies were too high, especially for large-scale installations.^[21] The guaranteed minimum price for electricity produced was reduced. For small photovoltaic installations(less than 1 MW) it was reduced from 330 EUR per MWh to 250 EUR per MWh by January 2012 with the goal of reaching renewable energy targets at a reasonable cost.^[22] This resulted in a rally which caused the number of installations to almost double from 20,514 to 37,355 in 2011.^[20] The minimum price will be lowered further to 93 EUR per MWh from 2013 onwards.

Notable installations

A solar park of 100MW is set to be build near the town of Lommel, in the Flemish province of Limburg. Construction will start in September 2018 and will be completed mid-2019. It will produce 83 GWh per year equivalent of the consumption of 24000 households. ^[23]

In 2011 a {{convert|2|mi|km|0|adj=on|order=flip|abbr=off}} above ground "tunnel", built to avoid having to fell trees for a new high-speed railroad, was covered with solar panels.^[24]^[25]

In December 2009, Katoen Natie announced that they will install 800,000 m² of solar panels in various places, including Antwerp. It is expected that the installed solar power in the Flemish Region will be increased by 25%, when finished. That will be the largest installation in Europe. The installation produces about 35 GWh yearly.^[26] The total cost will be 166 million euros.^[27]

In October 2009, the city of Antwerp announced that they want to install 2,500 m² of solar panels on roofs of public buildings, that will generate 265 MWh per annum.^[28]

In 2009, the city of Leuven installed 1,810 solar panels on public buildings.^[29]

Wallonia

See also

References

1. ^¹²https://www.eurobserv-er.org/photovoltaic-barometer-2018/
2. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurobserv-er.org/photovoltaic-barometer-2017/|title=Photovoltaic barometer 2017 {{!}} EurObserv'ER|website=www.eurobserv-er.org|access-date=3 December 2017}}
3. ^¹²³{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurobserv-er.org/photovoltaic-barometer-2016/|title=Photovoltaic Barometer 2016|website=}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014–2018|url=http://www.epia.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/EPIA_Global_Market_Outlook_for_Photovoltaics_2014-2018_-_Medium_Res.pdf|website=epia.org|publisher=EPIA – European Photovoltaic Industry Association|accessdate=12 June 2014|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QGSvAF7w|archivedate=12 June 2014|page=34}}
5. ^collected historical data from article growth of photovoltaics
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/dam/public/report/technical/PVPS_report_-_A_Snapshot_of_Global_PV_-_1992-2014.pdf |title=Snapshot of Global PV 1992–2014 |website=iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=32 |publisher=International Energy Agency – Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme |date=30 March 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XPpb1fai |archivedate=30 March 2015 |deadurl=no}}
7. ^Photovoltaic Barometer 2012
8. ^Photovoltaic Barometer 2010
9. ^Photovoltaic Barometer 2011
10. ^Photovoltaic Barometer
11. ^{{cite web|author1=EUROBSER'VER|title=Photovoltaic Barometer – installations 2012 and 2013|url=http://www.energies-renouvelables.org/observ-er/stat_baro/observ/baro-jdp11_en.pdf|website=energies-renouvelables.org|accessdate=21 June 2014|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QWFWLBH2|archivedate=22 June 2014|pages=5, 6|format=PDF}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/2764/milieu/article/detail/1824316/2014/03/20/Nooit-zoveel-zonne-energie-geproduceerd-in-Belgie.dhtml|title=Nooit zoveel zonne-energie geproduceerd in België|date=20 March 2014|newspaper=Het Laatste Nieuws|accessdate=9 April 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.energies-renouvelables.org/observ-er/stat_baro/observ/baro-jdp11_en.pdf|title=Photovoltaic Barometer – installations 2012 and 2013|website=energies-renouvelables.org|pages=5, 6|format=PDF|author1=EUROBSER'VER|accessdate=21 June 2014|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QWFWLBH2|archivedate=22 June 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/dam/public/report/statistics/PVPS_report_-_A_Snapshot_of_Global_PV_-_1992-2013_-_final_3.pdf|title=Snapshot of Global PV 1992–2013|year=2014|publisher=International Energy Agency – Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme|page=11|edition=2nd |ISBN=978-3-906042-19-0|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Obzux7nw|archivedate=5 April 2014|deadurl=no}}
15. ^provisional IEA-PVPS data later revised, see article growth of photovoltaics for additional sources.
16. ^¹Le nombre de panneaux solaires explose
17. ^50.000 Vlaamse gezinnen hebben zonnepanelen eind 2009
18. ^Market growth of solar power in Flanders
19. ^Feiten en tendenzen 2009
20. ^¹²Energy regulator's bi-yearly statistics on installations receiving green certificates:mid201620152014201320122011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
21. ^Dossier zonnepanelen, nieuwsblad.be]
22. ^{{cite web|title=Vlaamse regering past steun voor groene stroom aan|url=http://www.freyavandenbossche.be/article/vlaamse-regering-past-steun-voor-groene-stroom-aan/|publisher=freyavandenbossche.be|language=nl|date=12 October 2010}}
23. ^http://www.renouvelle.be/fr/actualite-belgique/le-plus-grand-parc-solaire-du-benelux
24. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jun/06/tunnel-solar-belgium-rail High-speed Euro train gets green boost from two miles of solar panels]
25. ^Belgium launches Europe’s first solar train
26. ^Katoen Natie heeft grootste installatie zonnepanelen in Europa
27. ^België heeft grootste installatie zonnepanelen van Europa
28. ^Antwerpen wil 2.500 m² zonnepanelen plaatsen op stadsgebouwen
29. ^Leuven plaatst zonnepanelen op 4 stadsgebouwen
30. ^¹{{cite web|title=Het geïnstalleerde PV-vermogen in Vlaanderen, Wallonië en Brussel|url=http://www.architectura.be/nieuwsdetail_new.asp?id_tekst=3042&content=Het%20ge%C3%AFnstalleerde%20PV-vermogen%20in%20Vlaanderen,%20Walloni%C3%AB%20en%20Brussel|publisher=architectura.be|accessdate=30 November 2012|language=nl|date=15 February 2012}}