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词条 Soldato-class destroyer
释义

  1. Design

  2. Service

  3. Ships

  4. Notes

  5. Citations

  6. References

>{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Ascaro2.jpgimage_size=300Ship caption=The Ascaro before launch
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  • 3× Thornycroft boilers
  • {{convert|6000|ihp|kW|abbr=on|lk=in}}
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  • 50 (Alpino group)
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  • 3× 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes
  • 10 mines
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The Soldato class (also known as the Soldati class{{#tag:ref|Fraccaroli[2] and the current Italian Navy[1] refer to the class as the Soldato class, while Gardiner and Gray refer to the class as the Soldati class.[1]|group=lower-alpha}}) was a class of destroyers of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) built by Ansaldo of Genoa prior to the First World War. Ten were built for the Regia Marina between 1905 and 1910, while an eleventh ship was built for China but purchased by Italy before completion. They served during the First World War, where one was lost, with the remaining ships sold for scrap in the 1920s and early 1930s.

Design

The Soldato class was ordered from Ansaldo as an improved version of the {{sclass-|Nembo|destroyer|3}}, a class of six turtleback destroyers built for the Italian Navy by the Pattison shipyard of Naples to a modified Thornycroft design between 1899 and 1905.[1][2][3] The new design carried a more powerful armament than the earlier ships, with four 76 mm (3 in)/40 calibre guns (capable of firing a {{convert|5.9|kg|lb|abbr=on}} shell to a range of {{convert|9850|m|abbr=on}} at a rate of fire of 15 rounds per minute per gun[4]) and three 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes instead of the five 57 mm guns and four 356 mm (14 in) tubes carried by the Nembo class.[1][2]

The ships were powered by two sets of triple expansion steam engines fed by three Thornycroft water-tube boilers and driving two propeller shafts. The machinery was rated at {{convert|6000|ihp|kW|abbr=on|lk=in}} to give a speed of {{convert|28.5|kn|lk=in}}. The ships were fitted with three funnels.[1] Six ships (the Artigliere group[2]) had coal-fired boilers, carrying 95 t of coal, sufficient to give a range of {{convert|1500|nmi|mi km}} at a speed of {{convert|12|kn}} or {{convert|400|nmi}} at {{convert|23.5|kn}}.[1][5] Four more ships (the Alpino group[2]) were fitted with oil-fired boilers, with 65 t of oil giving a range of {{convert|1600|nmi}} at 12 knots.[1][6]

All 10 ships were laid down in 1905, with the first four ships of the Artigliere group completed in 1907, with the remaining ships delivered in 1910.[2] In 1910, China placed an order for a single destroyer based on the Soldato class, to be named Ching Po or Tsing Po. This ship was to have a gun armament of two 76 mm and four 47 mm guns, and was designed to use mixed fuel, with one boiler being coal-fired and two being oil-fired. In 1912, the under-construction ship was acquired by Italy, and renamed Ascaro. The ship's armament was revised to conform with the rest of the class, but the ship retained its non-standard machinery.[1]

Service

The Soldato class were the most modern destroyers in the Regia Marina when the Italo-Turkish War broke out. Soldato-class destroyers took place in both the Battle of Preveza, where Italian destroyers, including {{ship|Italian destroyer|Artigliere|1907|2}} and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Corazziere|1909|2}} sank three Turkish torpedo boats.[7][8] and the Battle of Kunfuda Bay, where the protected cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Piemonte||2}}, together with Artigliere and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Garibaldino|1910|2}} sank seven gunboats.[9][10]

One ship, Garibaldino, was lost following a collision on 16 July 1918.[24] The remaining ships were reclassified as torpedo boats on 1 July 1921 and were gradually discarded through the 1920s and early 1930s, with the final ship, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Fuciliere|1909|2}} stricken on 15 December 1932.[1]

Ships

Artigliere group
ShipLaid down[11]Launched[11]Completed[11]Operational History
Italian destroyer|Artigliere|1907|2}}24 July 190518 January 190726 August 1907Stricken 14 June 1923[1]
Italian destroyer|Bersagliere|1906|2}}13 July 19052 October 190613 April 1907Stricken 5 July 1923[1]
Italian destroyer|Corazziere|1909|2}}23 October 190511 December 190916 May 1910Sticken 1 June 1928[1]
Italian destroyer|Garibaldino|1910|2}}23 October 190512 February 19101 June 1910Cygnet{{#tag:ref>Gardiner and Gray state that the collision was with the British destroyer {{HMS|Cygnet|1898|6}}[12] HMS Cygnet was based in British waters during the First World War, however,[13][14][15] and so is unlikely to be the ship involved.|group=lower-alpha}} off Villefranche-sur-Mer 16 July 1918.[24][16]
Italian destroyer|Granatiere|1906|2}}24 July 190527 October 190618 April 1907Stricken 3 November 1927[12]
Italian destroyer|Lanciere|1907|2}}24 July 190527 February 19071 August 1907Stricken 4 March 1923[12]
Alpino group
ShipLaid down[17]Launched[17]Completed[17]Operational History
Italian destroyer|Alpino|1909|2}}4 December 190527 November 19091 April 1910Stricken 1 June 1928[12]
Italian destroyer|Carabiniere|1909|2}}7 November 190512 October 190926 January 1910Stricken 7 May 1925[17]
Italian destroyer|Fuciliere|1909|2}}28 October 190521 August 190926 January 1910Stricken 15 December 1932[12]
Italian destroyer|Pontiere|1910|2}}18 November 19053 January 191011 February 1910Ran aground off Sardinia 14 September 1911, salvaged and repaired at Taranto and relaunched 1 November 1913. Stricken 1 July 1929.[12][17]
Ascaro
ShipLaid down[18]Launched[18]Completed[18]Operational History
Italian destroyer|Ascaro|1912|2}}19116 December 191221 July 1913Stricken 31 May 1930[12]

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title=Almanacco storico navale: Bersagliere: Cacciatorpediniere|publisher=Marina Militare|accessdate=22 December 2013|url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/ABCD/bersagliere01.aspx}}
2. ^1 Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 356.
3. ^Fraccaroli 1970, p. 65.
4. ^Fraccaroli 1970, pp. 281–282.
5. ^{{cite web|title=Almanacco storico navale: Artigliere: Cacciatorpediniere|publisher=Marina Militare|accessdate=22 December 2013|url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/ABCD/artigliere01.aspx}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Almanacco storico navale: Alpino: Cacciatorpediniere|publisher=Marina Militare|accessdate=22 December 2013|url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/ABCD/alpino01.aspx}}
7. ^Hythe 1912, pp. 160–161.
8. ^Beehler 1913, pp. 22–23.
9. ^Beehler 1913, pp. 50–51.
10. ^Hythe 1912, pp. 166–167.
11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Fraccaroli 1970, pp. 66–67.
12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 268.
13. ^Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 58.
14. ^{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Doug|title=A "Best Guess" of Royal Navy Destroyers Assigned to Home Defence and Patrols in August, 1914|work=The World War I Document Archive: The War at Sea|date=26 July 1999|url=http://www.gwpda.org/naval/wrndd003.htm|accessdate=22 December 2013}}
15. ^{{cite web|last=Maccormick|first=Bill|url=http://www.gwpda.org/naval/wrndd002.htm|title=Royal Navy Destroyer Deployment, 1914-1918|work=The World War I Document Archive: The War at Sea|date=21 January 1999|accessdate=22 December 2013}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Major Warships Sunk in World War 1 1918|work=worldwar1.co.uk|url=http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/sunk18.htm|accessdate=21 December 2013}}
17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Fraccaroli 1970, p. 67.
18. ^1 2 Fraccaroli 1970, p. 68.

Citations

{{reflist}}

References

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book|last=Beehler|first=William Henry|title=The History of the Italian-Turkish War, Sept. 29, 1911 to Oct. 18, 1912|year=1913|publisher=Advertiser-Republican|location=Annapolis, Maryland, USA}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Chesneau|first1=Roger|last2=Kolesnik|first2=Eugene M|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|year=1979|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-133-5}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Dittmar|first1=F.J.|last2=Colledge|first2=J.J.|title=British Warships 1914–1919|year=1972|publisher=Ian Allan|location=Shepperton, UK|isbn=0-7110-0380-7}}
  • {{cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|title=Italian Warships of World War 1|year=1970|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|isbn=0-7110-0105-7}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Gardiner|first1=Robert|last2=Gray|first2=Randal|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-245-5}}
  • {{cite book|author=Hythe, Viscount|title= The Naval Annual 1912|year=1912|location= Portsmouth, UK|publisher=J Griffin}}
{{refend}}{{Soldato class destroyer}}{{WWIItalianShips}}

4 : Soldato-class destroyers|Destroyer classes|Destroyers of the Regia Marina|World War I naval ships of Italy
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