| 释义 |
- Germany
- Designation
- See also
- References
{{short description|German military rank}}{{Italic title}}{{About|the Austrian and German military rank|the general term in the English language for "soldier of the lowest rank"|Private (rank)}}Soldat (short: S) refers to the lowest rank of enlisted men in the land-based armed forces of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. It is usually grouped as OR-1 within the NATO ranking system, excluding the Swiss armed services which is not part of NATO.[1]Germany{{Infobox military rank
| name = Soldat
| image = {{nowrap| }}
| caption = Heer and Luftwaffe shoulder insignia
| image2 =
| image3 =
| caption2 =
| country = {{flag|Germany}}
| service branch = {{army|Germany}}
{{air force|Germany}}
| abbreviation = S
| rank = German enlisted rank
| NATO rank = OR-1
| Non-NATO rank = E-1
| formation = 1955
| abolished =
| higher rank = Gefreiter
| lower rank = None
| equivalents = Matrose
| history =
}}The German term Soldat (equivalent to Soldier in English) has its roots as far back as the 16th-century, where it was a common designation for a paid or remunerated ordinary-rank member of a military infantry, especially one who was not an officer. In the German language Sold implies "pay", and as such the term Soldat designated a person in pay (being paid) for providing armed service. In the Federal armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr) it can be the collective term to any person in uniform, e.g. Officers (de: Offiziere), Non-Commissioned Officers (de: Unteroffiziere), and enlisted men (de: Mannschaften). In the Bundeswehr it is used to describe conscripts (de: Wehrpflichtiger), short/long term serving volunteers (de: Zeitsoldat, or Soldat auf Zeit), and career or regular servicemen (de: Berufssoldat).[2] It is grade A3 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence. The sequence of ranks (top-down approach) in that particular group is as follows: - OR-4a: Oberstabsgefreiter
- OR-4b: Stabsgefreiter
- OR-3a: Hauptgefreiter
- OR-3b: Obergefreiter
- OR-2: Gefreiter
- OR-1: Soldat (Army, Air Force, Navy)
{{sequence|noclear=yes
| prev = junior rank
None
| list =
(German enlisted rank)
Soldat
| next = senior rank
Gefreiter
}}Designation The designation of the particular OR1-rank depens in line to the Zentraler Dienstvorschrift 14/5 on the individual career of the soldier and membership to the service branch Heer, Luftwaffe or Bundeswehr medical service. E.g., the unique OR1-rank designation in the Marine is Matrose, and Sanitätssoldat in the Bundeswehr medical service. Other OR1-designations are descript in the table below. Rank
designation | Abbrev.[3] | Carrier grout (e.g.[4]) |
|---|
| Flieger | Flg - any person in uniform of the Luftwaffe (Bundeswehr) in the lowest OR1-rank, with exaption Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1
- soldiers of the lowest OR1-rank in the units of the Heeresfliegertruppe
| | Funker | Fu | soldiers of the lowest OR1-rank- in the Bundeswehr Signal Corps, not involved to units of tactical combat forces like Bundeswehr Armoured Corps
- of the Heer (Bundeswehr) in stationary Bundeswehr communications centers
- in signal units of the Electronic Warfare
- in units of the Operational Communications
| | Grenadier | Gren | any person in uniform of the Heer (Bundeswehr) in the lowest OR1-rank Wachbataillon beim Bundesministerium der Verteidigung since 1991 (until 1991 Jäger) | | Jäger | Jg | soldiers of the lowest OR1-rank in the units of Jägertruppe, Fallschirmjägertruppe and Gebirgsjägertruppe | | Kanonier | Kan | soldier of the lowest OR1-rank- of the Bundeswehr unit of the Artillery Corps (exempted Panzerhaubitze)
- in the Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1 of the Luftwaffe (Bundewehr)
- of the Bundeswehr Geo-Information Service belonging to the Heer (Bundeswehr)
| | Matrose | Matr | Person in uniform of the lowest OR1-rank of the German Navy | | Panzerfunker | PzFu | soldiers of the lowest OR1-rank of signal troops, integrated to units of the Bundeswehr Armoured Corps | | Panzergrenadier | PzGren, PG- soldier of the lowest OR1-rank of units of the Bundeswehr Panzergrenadiertruppe (en: Motorised infantry)
- Panzergrenadier is also the collective name to all persons in uniform of the Bundeswehr Panzergrenadiertruppe
| | Panzerjäger | PzJg | This OR1-rank was deleted in line to the abolishment of the Bundeswehr Panzerjägertruppe (en: Anti-tank troops) until 2006.- from 1955 to 2006 it was the lowest OR1-rank of the Panzerjägertruppe
- Panzergrjäger was also the collective name to all persons in uniform of the Panzerjägertruppe
| | Panzerkanonier | PzKan | soldier of the lowest OR1-rank of Bundeswehr artillery corps batteries, equipped with armored self-propelled howitzers (de: Panzerhaubitze) | | Panzerpionier | PzPi- soldier of the lowest OR1-rank of Bundeswehr Panzerpionier units (en: Armored engineer)
- Panzerpionier is also the collective name to all persons in uniform of the Bundeswehr Panzerpionier companies / Panzerpionier battalions
| | Panzerschütze | PzSchtz | soldier of the lowest OR1-rank of units of the Bundeswehr Panzertruppe (en: Armoured corps) | | Pionier | Pi- soldier of the lowest OR1-rank of Bundeswehr Pioniertruppe (en: Combat engineering), with exemption of the armored engineer companies / armored engineer battalions
- Pionier is also the collective name to all persons in uniform of the Bundeswehr Pioniertruppe
| | Sanitätssoldat | SanSdt- soldier of the lowest OR1-rank of Joint Medical Service (Germany) and medical service Heer (Bundeswehr)
- Sanitätssoldat is also the collective name to all persons in uniform in the Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr (en: Bundeswehr Medical Service)
| | Schütze | Schtz | Normally any military person in uniform, serving in Heer (Bundeswehr), that do not belong to the above-mentioned OR1-ranks. |
See also- Soldat (Romania)
- Ranks of the German Bundeswehr
- Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr
- Ranks and insignia of NATO armies enlisted
- Ranks and insignia of enlisted personnel in NATO air forces
References 1. ^Official Website (Bundeswehr): Dienstgrade und Uniformen der Bundeswehr (Service Ranks and Uniforms of the German Federal Defence Forces), in German.
2. ^BROCKHAUS, The encyclopedia in 24 volumes (1796–2001), Volume 20: 3-7653-3680-7, page 396; definition «Soldat».
3. ^In lists indicated always „S“
4. ^The carrier enlisted art to be understood as an example. There are several exemptions. Moreover, the rank designations described may be used in other service branches as well.
{{Authority control}} 2 : Military ranks of Germany|Military ranks of Switzerland |