| 词条 | Solrad 8 |
| 释义 |
| name = Solrad 8 | image = File:SOLRAD 8.jpg | image_caption = | mission_type = Solar science | operator = NASA | Harvard_designation = | SATCAT = 1738 | mission_duration = Unknown | COSPAR_ID = 1965-093A | spacecraft_bus = | manufacturer = Naval Research Lab | dry_mass = | launch_mass = {{convert|56.7|kg|lb}} | power = | launch_date = {{start-date|November 19, 1965, 22:11:30|timezone=yes}} UTC [1] | launch_rocket = Scout (rocket) | launch_site = Wallops LA-3 | last_contact = {{end-date|August 1967}} | decay_date = Unknown | orbit_epoch = 19 November 1965, 04:48:00 UTC | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Circular orbit | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|704|km|mi|sp=us}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|891|km|mi|sp=us}} | orbit_inclination = 59.7 degrees | orbit_semimajor = | orbit_eccentricity = 0.01302 | orbit_period = 100.8 minutes | orbit_RAAN = | orbit_arg_perigee = | orbit_mean_anomaly = | orbit_mean_motion = | orbit_rev_number = | apsis = gee | programme = Explorers | previous_mission = Explorer 29 | next_mission = Explorer 31 | programme2 = Solrad | previous_mission2 = Solrad 7 | next_mission2 = Solrad 9 }} The SOLRAD 8 satellite was one of the SOLRAD (Solar Radiation) program that began in 1960 to provide continuous coverage of solar radiation with a set of standard photometers. SOLRAD 8 was a spin-stabilized satellite oriented with its spin axis perpendicular to the sun-satellite line so that the 14 solar X-ray[2] and ultraviolet photometers[3] pointing radially outward from its equatorial belt viewed the sun on each revolution. Data were transmitted in real time by means of an FM/AM the satellite's telemetry system and were recorded by the stations on the STADAN tracking network. The satellite observed the solar eclipse on May 20, 1966.[4] This observation may have been the first observation of a solar eclipse by an artificial satellite.[4] The satellite performed normally, except for the spin system,[5] which failed to maintain 60 rpm (at spin rates below 10 rpm data reduction became difficult). The spin rate gradually decreased to 4 rpm on September 12, 1966.[6] At that time, ground command succeeded in reactivating spinup to 78 rpm, which exhausted the gas supply. From this point, the spin rate gradually decreased to 10 rpm in August 1967, when data collection was substantially decreased.[7] See also{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
References{{Include-NASA}}1. ^{{cite web|url=http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/dev/hillger/solar-observing.htm |title=Solar-observing satellites |publisher=Rammb.cira.colostate.edu |date= |accessdate=2014-05-27}} 2. ^ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/SOLAR_DATA/SATELLITE_ENVIRONMENT/XRAY_BGND/docs/solrad.txt 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app3/solrad.html |title=Solrad |publisher=Designation-systems.net |date= |accessdate=2014-05-27}} 4. ^1 {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/211393a0| title = Solar Eclipse of May 20, 1966, observed by the Solrad 8 Satellite in X-ray and Ultra-violet Bands| journal = Nature| volume = 211| issue = 5047| pages = 393| year = 1966| last1 = Landini | first1 = M.| last2 = Russo | first2 = D.| last3 = Tagliaferri | first3 = G. L.| bibcode = 1966Natur.211..393L}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://spacearchaeology.org/?p=436 |title=SOLRAD 8 |publisher=Space Archaeology |date= |accessdate=2014-05-27}} 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3WIrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47|title=United States Space Science Program: Report to COSPAR.|publisher=National Academies|year=1967|author=National Research Council (U.S.). Space Science Board, COSPAR|page=47}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4312/ch1.htm |title=NASA:SP-4312 Dreams, Hopes, Realities-Chapter 1:Goddard's First Forty: The Quest to Learn |publisher=History.nasa.gov |date=1957-10-04 |accessdate=2014-05-27}} External links
3 : Explorers program (NASA)|Spacecraft launched in 1965|Artificial satellites formerly orbiting Earth |
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