词条 | Space elevator competitions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
A space elevator is a theoretical system using a super-strong ribbon going from the surface of the Earth to a point beyond Geosynchronous orbit. The center of gravity of the ribbon would be exactly in geosynchronous orbit, so that the ribbon would always stay above the anchor point. Vehicles would climb the ribbon powered by a beam of energy projected from the surface of the Earth. Building a space elevator requires materials and techniques that do not currently exist. A variety of Space Elevator competitions have been held in order to stimulate the development of such materials and techniques. Space elevators were first conceived in 1895, but until the discovery of carbon nanotubes, no technology was envisioned that could make them possible. Building an actual elevator is still out of reach, but the directions for research are clear. This makes the area ripe for incentive prizes like the X Prize, and prizes and competitions have been set up since 2005[1] to encourage the development of relevant technologies. There are two main areas of research remaining, and these are where the competitions focus: building cables ("a Tether challenge"), and climbing and descending cables ("a Power Beam challenge"). In a Power Beam Challenge, each team designs and builds a climber (a machine capable of traveling up and down a tether ribbon). In a Tether challenge, each team attempts to build the longest and strongest cable. In the Power Beam challenge climber carry a payload. Power is beamed from a transmitter to a receiver on the climber. With each competition, the tethers reach higher altitudes, and the climbers are expected to climb further. Each competition can have minimum lengths and maximum weight per meter for cables, and minimum speed and distance goals for climbers. Space elevator challenge resultsLike many competitions modeled after the X prize, competitors have to meet a minimum baseline, and then prizes are awarded to the best entry that exceed that target. In 2005, there was only a climbing challenge, and none of the entrants met the minimum speed requirement of 1 m/s. Starting in 2006, 2010, sponsored by spaceward.org[2] and NASA conducted a series of competitions. For 2006, the prize was increased, and the speed requirement dropped slightly to 50 meters in under a minute. 13 teams entered, and one was able to climb the 50 meters in 58 seconds. In 2009 at Edwards Air Force Base, the challenge was climbing a 900 m tether, and one entry managed the feat several times, with a top speed of 3.5 m/s. NASA didn't renew their sponsorship after 2009,[3][4] pending "further advancements in material science". The International Space Elevator Consortium was formed in 2008,[5] and has held annual conferences. They announced a $10,000 Strong Tether Challenge competition for 2013. The Challenge was canceled for lack of competitors.[6] The 2011, 2012, and 2013 ISEC conferences also featured FIRST-style High School robotics competitions for climbers.[7][8] and occasional competitions. The Japan Space Elevator Association held a climbing competition in August 2013.[9] Hot air balloons were used to hoist a tether, and Team Okusawa's entry[10] succeeded in climbing to 1100 meters,[11] and a team from Nihon University reached 1200 meters. (The sources are in Japanese.) The Japan Space Elevator Association held a climbing competition in August 2014.[12] Hot air balloons were used to hoist both rope (11 mm) and ribbon (35 mm x 2 mm) to 200 m and 1200 m. Team Okusawa climbed to 1200 m and descended twice. Kanagawa University carried a 100 kg payload to 123 m on the 200 m ribbon. Kanagawa University's three teams climbed respectively to 1200 m (rope), 1150 m (rope) and 1100 m (ribbon). Munich University of Technology reached 1000 m (rope).
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Space Elevator Competitions|url=http://www.isec.org/index.php/activities/space-elevator-competitions|publisher=International Space Elevator Competition|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=The Space Elevator Challenge|url=http://www.spaceward.org/games|publisher=The Spaceward Foundation|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=NASA, the Space Elevator Challenges and the Kansas City Space Pirates|url=http://www.spaceelevatorblog.com/?p=1544|publisher=SpaceElevatorBlog|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Strong Tether Challenge|url=http://challenge.gov/NASA/27-strong-tether-challenge|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Leading Players in the Space Elevator Movement Join Together to Form New International Consortium|url=http://www.isec.org/images/PressReleases/ISECAnnouncementNR-final.pdf|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.isec.org/sec/|title=ISEC Space Elevator Conference|publisher=}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=2013 Space Elevator Conference|url=http://www.isec.org/sec/|publisher=International Space Elevator Consortium|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=2013 Space Elevator Conference – Day 2|url=http://www.spaceelevatorblog.com/?p=1579|publisher=Space Elevator Blog|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=On the implementation results of the SPEC2013|url=http://www.jsea.jp/technology/challenge/000405.html|publisher=Japan Space Elevator Association|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://blog.goo.ne.jp/orbitalelevator/c/93257aab9f4951e3c84d7c6aaa989aa7|title=Orbital elevator group|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Team Okusawa 1,100 m elevation climber video |url=http://www.jsea.jp/technology/challenge/000412.html|publisher=Japan Space Elevator Association|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=On the implementation results of the SPEC2014|url=http://www.jsea.jp/technology/challenge/000439.html|publisher=Japan Space Elevator Association|accessdate=2014-11-25}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=2005 Power Beaming Archive|url=http://www.spaceward.org/games-pb2005|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Space Elevator Challenge Results|url=http://www.pancrit.org/2006/10/space-elevator-challenge-results.html|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=2007 Power Beaming Archive|url=http://www.spaceward.org/games-pb2007|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=2009 Power Beaming Archive|url=http://www.spaceward.org/games-pb2009|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=LaserMotive finally wins NASA's Elevator:2010 Beam Power Challenge, climbs at 3.9 meters/second (video)|url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/11/09/lasermotive-finally-wins-nasas-elevator-2010-beam-power-challen/|publisher=engadget.com|accessdate=2013-09-14}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Results from Japan's 2010 JSETEC Competition|url=http://www.spaceelevatorblog.com/?p=1413|publisher=Space Elevator Blog|accessdate=2013-09-14}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=2010-08-12-JSETECH2010|url=http://www.spaceelevatorblog.com/Images/2010JSETEC/2010-08-12-JSETECH2010_en.pdf|publisher=JSEA|accessdate=2013-09-14}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Japan holds space elevator competition|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/7936234/Japan-holds-space-elevator-competition.html|publisher=Telegraph UK|accessdate=2013-09-14}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Strong Tether Challenge|url=http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oct/early_stage_innovation/centennial_challenges/tether/index.html|accessdate=2013-08-25}} 22. ^{{cite web |publisher=The Space Elevator Blog |url=http://www.spaceelevatorblog.com/?p=1427 |title=EuroSpaceward announces EuSEC – the first European Space Elevator Challenge! |accessdate=2013-11-27}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Team Okusawa 1100 m elevation climber video|url=http://www.jsea.jp/technology/challenge/000412.html |publisher=JSEA|accessdate=2013-09-14}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Technobrain 2014: Screwdriver Power|url=http://www.technion.ac.il/en/2014/06/technobrain-2014-screwdriver-power/ |publisher=Technion |accessdate=2014-11-25}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=SPEC 2014 results bulletin |url=http://www.jsea.jp/technology/challenge/000439.html |publisher=JSEA |accessdate=2014-08-23}} 26. ^{{cite web|title=Participating Teams |url=http://euspec.warr.de/teams2016l | |accessdate=2017-01-02}} External links{{Commons category|Space elevators}}
3 : Space elevator|Challenge awards|Robotics competitions |
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