词条 | Spanish Company |
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The Spanish Company was an English chartered company or corporate body established in 1530, and 1577, confirmed in 1604, and re-established in 1605 as President, Assistants and Fellowship of Merchants of England trading into Spain and Portugal,[4] whose purpose was the facilitation and control of English trade between England and Spain through the establishment of a corporate monopoly of approved merchants. HistoryThe Company was established by various charters as follows:[5]
Founding Members, 1605The 557 founding members of the 1605 incorporation named in the charter consisted of two distinct groups, firstly of 25 nobles, royal officials and knights and then of 532 merchants from 16 named English ports and towns. Richard Langley of the City of London was named in the 1605 Secretary for life. Nobles and royal officialsThe 25 nobles, royal officials and knights named as founding members were as follows:
Ports & towns of origin of merchant membersMerchants named as founding members were from the following English ports and towns (number of members in brackets), in order listed in the charter:
1605 CharterThe key passage in the 1605 royal charter of King James I which re-established the company is as follows:[6]
Law-making powersThe 1605 charter gave the Company power to "make ordain and establish statutes, laws, constitutions and ordinances, so as the laws and constitutions be not contrary, repugnant or derogatory to any treaties, leagues, capitulations or covenants between us, our heirs and successors, and any other prince or potentate made or to be made, nor tending to the hindrance of the trade and traffic of any of the fellowship, behaving him or themselves duly and orderly as becometh good merchants of the fellowship, without any fraudulent or disordered attempts or practices, as well for the good rule and government of the president, assistants and fellowship as of all and singular other subjects of us, our heirs and successors intermeddling or by any means exercising merchandise, in the realms of Spain and Portugal". Taxation powersThe 1605 charter gave the Company power to tax merchandise both imported and exported by their members in such sum "as to them shall seem requisite and convenient for the common profit and sustentation of the necessary and reasonable stipend and other charges of the fellowship and corporation". Power to imprisonThe 1605 charter gave the Company power to punish wrong-doers, to "chastise and correct by imprisonment or otherwise by fine, amercement or other reasonable punishment" Instructions to English portsThe 1605 charter forbade customs officers to allow export of goods to Spain or Portugal except by members of the Company: "We straightly charge and command all and singular customers, comptrollers and collectors of customs, poundage and subsidies, and all other officers within our port and city of London and elsewhere unto whom it shall appertain, that they their clerks or substitutes, shall not take entry of any goods wares or merchandises to be transported into Spain or Portugal, or make any agreement for any custom, poundage or other subsidy for any such goods, but only of such person and persons free of the fellowship by virtue of these our letters patents". Consuls and governorsThe 1605 charter gave the Company power to establish its own consuls and governors within the area of trade in order to: "administer unto (members) full speedy and expedite justice in all and every their causes, plaints and contentions amongst them in the dominions of Spain and Portugal, and to pacify, decide and determine all and all manner of questions discords and strifes amongst them in any of the realms of Spain and Portugal, moved or to be moved, for the better government of the merchants in Spain and Portugal..." ArmorialsThe armorials of the Company were:[7] Azure in base a sea, with a dolphin's head appearing in the water all proper, on the sea a ship of three masts, in full sail, all or, the sail and rigging argent, on each a cross gules, in the dexter chief point the sun in splendour, in the sinister chief point an estoile of the third ; on a chief of the fourth, a cross of the fifth, charged with the lion of England. The crest was: On a wreath of the colours, two arms embowed issuing out of clouds all proper, holding in the hands a globe or The supporters were: Two seahorses argent, finned or. Sources
References1. ^Fox-Davies, The Book of Public Arms[https://archive.org/stream/bookofpublicarms00foxd/bookofpublicarms00foxd_djvu.txt] {{Chartered companies}}2. ^The chief is identical, but the field (the sea) is here shown barry wavy of nine argent and azure (perhaps identical to a sea proper) and some of the charges are not visible, such as the dolphin's head 3. ^Fox-Davies, The Book of Public Arms, 1915[https://archive.org/stream/bookofpublicarms00foxd/bookofpublicarms00foxd_djvu.txt] 4. ^Per charter 5. ^Recited at start of 1605 Charter 6. ^http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63973 7. ^Fox-Davies, Arthur, The Book of Public Arms[https://archive.org/stream/bookofpublicarms00foxd/bookofpublicarms00foxd_djvu.txt] 13 : Spanish Company|Chartered companies|Trading companies|Defunct companies of England|Economic history of England|Economic history of Spain|Companies established in the 16th century|1530 establishments in England|1577 establishments in England|1604 disestablishments|Tudor England|Elizabethan era|1605 establishments in England |
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