| 词条 | SPARK (rocket) |
| 释义 |
|image = File:Super Strypi with HiakaSat at KTF (cropped).jpg |imsize = |caption = Super Strypi rocket on the launch pad |name = SPARK |function = Expendable launch system |manufacturer = University of Hawaii Aerojet Rocketdyne Sandia |country-origin = United States |height = {{convert|17|m|abbr=on}}[1] |diameter = {{convert|1.5|m|abbr=on}} [1] |mass = {{convert|28240|kg|abbr=on}} [1] |stages = Three |capacities = |location = 400 km SSO |kilos = {{convert|250|kg}} |family = Strypi |status = In development |sites = Barking Sands |launches = 1 |success = 0 |fail = 1 |partial = |other_outcome = |first = 3 November 2015 |last = |payloads = }} SPARK, or Spaceborne Payload Assist Rocket - Kauai, also known as Super Strypi,[2] is an American expendable launch system developed by the University of Hawaii, Sandia and Aerojet Rocketdyne.[3] Designed to place miniaturized satellites into low Earth and sun-synchronous orbits, it is a derivative of the Strypi rocket which was developed in the 1960s in support of nuclear weapons testing. SPARK is being developed under the Low Earth Orbiting Nanosatellite Integrated Defense Autonomous System (LEONIDAS) program, funded by the Operationally Responsive Space Office of the United States Department of Defense. ConfigurationSPARK is designed as a three-stage all-solid carrier rocket, with a spin-stabilized first stage known as LEO-46 and an active attitude control system on the second and third stages. It is launched using a new rail-guided system.[4] It is expected to have a payload capacity of {{convert|250|kg}} to a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of approximately {{convert|400|km}}.[5] Launches will be conducted from the Pacific Missile Range Facility at Barking Sands.[6] Aerojet Rocketdyne will produce the motors for all three stages and Sandia is the prime contractor for the rocket's systems. The United States Air Force has provided launch support. HistoryORS-4{{see also|Operationally Responsive Space Office#ORS-4}}The first launch of SPARK, named ORS-4, took place on November 3, 2015[7] and was carrying HiakaSat (formerly called HawaiiSat-1[1]) and several secondary payloads,[4][8] including the Edison Demonstration of Smallsat Networks.[9] The mission was supposed to test the rocket at its full payload capacity. However, telemetry showed the rocket tumbling soon after liftoff, and the U.S. Air Force released a statement, saying that the "experimental Super Strypi launch vehicle failed in mid-flight shortly after liftoff".[10][11] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Graham |first=William |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/11/super-strypi-spark-inaugural-launch/ |title=Super Strypi conducts inaugural launch – Fails during first stage |work=NASA Spaceflight |date=November 3, 2015 |accessdate=2015-11-11 }} {{commons category|Super Strypi}}{{Orbital launch systems}}{{US launch systems}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://events.eoportal.org/get_announce.php?an_id=10003879|title=HawaiiSat-1|work=eoPortal Directory|accessdate=20 January 2012|archivedate=20 January 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64pcbtL99?url=http://events.eoportal.org/get_announce.php?an_id=10003879|deadurl=yes|df=}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/spark.htm|title=SPARK|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=20 January 2012|archivedate=20 January 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64pcgZwIz?url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/spark.htm|deadurl=yes|df=}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/10/29/first-launch-of-small-class-rocket-on-hold-in-hawaii/ |title=Inaugural launch of small-class rocket on hold in Hawaii |author=Stephen Clark |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=30 October 2015 |accessdate=30 October 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web| url=http://hsfl.hawaii.edu/HSFL_Overview_071910.pdf| title=Overview| publisher=Hawaii Space Flight Laboratory| accessdate=20 January 2012| archivedate=20 January 2012| archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64pd9x589?url=http://hsfl.hawaii.edu/HSFL_Overview_071910.pdf| deadurl=yes| df=}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/offices/op/innovation/taylor.pdf|title=Innovative Satellite Launch Program|first=Brian|last=Taylor|publisher=School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii|accessdate=20 January 2012|archivedate=20 January 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64pd9csKl?url=https://www.hawaii.edu/offices/op/innovation/taylor.pdf|deadurl=yes|df=}} 7. ^Spaceflight now 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://hsfl.hawaii.edu/HSFL_missions.html|title=Missions|publisher=Hawaii Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawaii|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64pcSif9d?url=http://hsfl.hawaii.edu/HSFL_missions.html|archivedate=20 January 2012|accessdate=20 January 2012|deadurl=yes|df=}} 9. ^{{Cite web|title = Swarming Space for Science|url = http://www.nasa.gov/feature/swarming-space-for-science|website = NASA|accessdate = 2015-11-01|first = Loura|last = Hall}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/11/03/ors-4-mission-status-center/|title=Live coverage: Maiden flight of Super Strypi launcher fails|website=Spaceflightnow.com|accessdate=2015-11-06}} 11. ^{{Cite web|title = 'Super Strypi' Rocket Suffers Failure Shortly After Launch|url = https://grasswire.com/story/592/Super-Strypi|website = Grasswire.com|accessdate = 2015-11-03}} 5 : Space launch vehicles of the United States|University of Hawaii|2015 in spaceflight|Vehicles introduced in 2015|Microsatellite launch vehicles |
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