| 词条 | Special Service Group | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| unit_name = Special Services Group {{small|(SSG)}} | image = SSG HI RES 2.png | image_size = 300px | alt = | caption = The Special Service Group Insignia | dates = 23 March 1956–Present | disbanded = | country = {{PAK}} | countries = | allegiance = | branch = {{army|PAK}} | type = Special Operations Forces | role = Primary missions:
| size = 8 Battalions | command_structure = Army Strategic Forces Command | garrison = Tarbela, KPK in Pakistan | nickname = Black Storks, SSG(A) | patron = | employees = Highly classified | motto = Urdu: من جاں بازم (Man Janbazam) English: I am valiant | colors = Maroon and Sky blue {{color box|#800000}}{{color box|#87CEEB}} | colors_label = Colors | march = | mascot = | anniversaries = | equipment = | equipment_label = | battles = {{collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | title = See list |Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
}} | decorations = | battle_honours = | battle_honours_label = | flying_hours = | website = [https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent4265.html?pId=279&rnd=486 army special operations] | current_commander = | commander1 = Major General Tahir Masood Bhutta | commander1_label = Current Commander | commander2 = Major General Abid Rafiq | commander2_label = Colonel Commandant | commander3 = | commander3_label = | commander4 = | commander4_label = | commander5 = | commander5_label = | commander6 = | commander6_label = | commander7 = | commander7_label = | commander8 = | commander8_label = | commander9 = | commander9_label = | notable_commanders = | identification_symbol = | identification_symbol_label = | identification_symbol_2 = | identification_symbol_2_label = | identification_symbol_3 = | identification_symbol_3_label = | identification_symbol_4 = | identification_symbol_4_label = | identification_symbol_5 = | identification_symbol_5_label = | aircraft_attack = | aircraft_bomber = | aircraft_electronic = | aircraft_fighter = | aircraft_helicopter = | aircraft_helicopter_cargo = | aircraft_helicopter_multirole = | aircraft_helicopter_observation = | aircraft_helicopter_trainer = | aircraft_helicopter_transport = | aircraft_helicopter_utility = | aircraft_interceptor = | aircraft_patrol = | aircraft_recon = | aircraft_trainer = | aircraft_transport = | aircraft_tanker = | aircraft_general = }} The Pakistan Army Special Service Group (SSG),[1][1] colloquially known as the Black Storks or Maroon Berets{{rp|173}}[2][3] due to their distinctive service headgear, is the special operations force mandated and tasked with their five primary missions: foreign internal defense, reconnaissance, direct actions, counter-terrorism, and the unconventional warfare– their most important mission.[4] The Special Service Group's other roles included the combat search and rescue, seek and destroy, counter-proliferation, military hostage rescue, information operations, peacekeeping missions, psychological operations, security assistance, and enemy manhunts.[5] The command and control of the special forces fall in the domain of the Pakistan Army's Strategic Forces Command (ASFC), and its personnel are directly recruited into ISI's Covert Action Division (CAD) upon their retirements.[5] Many of their operational work and war techniques are kept in secrecy and knowledge of their work became known in public through the published literary work by the army veterans or authorized documentaries in the news media.[5] HistoryRoots of establishment{{Main|Frontier Force Regiment}}In 1950, the Pakistan Army established the school, Close Quarter Battle School, dedicated for teaching the methods of close quarters combat under Colonel Grant Taylor of the British Army in Quetta, Balochistan in Pakistan– the school was later moved to Attock under Colonel Kahoon, also an officer in the British Army.[6] Citing unknown and unspecified reasons, the Close Quarter Battle School under Col. Kahoon was permanently closed and its passed out personnel who had earlier formed the 312th Garrison Company (312 Gar Coy (FF)), a light infantry, initially attached the military unit to the Frontier Force Regiment (FF Regiment) in 1952— the 312 Gar Coy (FF) still remains to be a part of the Frontier Force Regiment.[6] Creation from the 19th Regiment{{Main|Baloch Regiment|19th Baloch|International Military Education and Training}}In 1953–54, the United States Army raised a special forces unit within the Pakistan Army to provide intelligence and combat defense against Soviet Union's expanding sphere of influence in the Central Asia.{{rp|contents}}[7] The U.S. assistance helped raise the special forces unit from the simple infantry regiment, the 19th Baloch, that provided an ideal cover from its covert nature of works.{{rp|contents}}[7] In 1955, the 17th Baloch infantry was incorporated with the 19th Baloch, followed by the special forces training began to conduct under Lt Col. Dean F. Bundy from the Special Forces of the United States Army.[6] On 23 March 1956, the Special Service Group (SSG) was established as a Battalion under the command of its first commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel A. O. Mitha, after founding the [https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent4265.html?pId=279&rnd=486 School of Special Operations] (SSO) under the advisement of army officers from the U.S. Army's Special Forces.{{rp|contents}}[7][8][9][10][11] The Special Service Group's institution and the physical training remained under the command of Lt-Col. Mitha until 1961–62.[12] The headquarter of the Army Special Services Group was then based out in Cherat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan.[6] Initially, the SSG were popular as the Green Berets with Baloch insignia in 1950s, but SSG dropped their green berets in favor of adopting the Baloch Regiment's maroon berets– hence giving them the nickname the Maroon Berets.{{cn|date=March 2019}} In 1964, the Parachute Training School (PTS) was established under the watchful guidance of 101st Airborne Division of the U.S. Army, and training on the desert warfare with U.S. Special Forces' Mobile Training Team begin, followed by the Navy SSG established by the U.S. Navy SEALs as a deep diving team, which was known for its physical training in Karachi in 1966–70.{{rp|70}}[13] In 1970, the Musa Company was established that solely specialized in anti-terrorist operations, receiving training from the British SAS advisers after U.S. had suspended the IMET program with Pakistan in 1981.{{rp|70}} The Army SSG initially had six initially battalions and each battalion had specialization units, specialized in the different war spectrum: desert, mountain, long-distance ranger, and deep diving warfare.[11] In August 1965, the operational scope of the Army SSG was expanded from a battalion-size to larger special operation outfit.[11] In 1968–70, the Pakistan Army integrated the Chinese introduced physical training, tactics, weapons, and equipments.[11] Deployments and covert operationsCovert actions, Indo-Pakistani wars, and overseas missions{{Main|Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|Operation Gibraltar|Bangladesh Liberation War|Indo-Pakistani war of 1965}}The first war time deployment of the Army Special Service Group took place in 1960 with their first special reconnaissance mission in the former tribal belt near the porous Durand Line– the Afghanistan-Pakistan's line of international border.[12] In 1960–61, the Army Special Forces team under Major Mirza Aslam Beg had successfully inserted in Dir and took control of the law and order situation be removing the instigating Nawab of Dir in Chitral in North-West Frontier Province.[14] In 1964–65, the teams of Special Service Group successfully executed the covert operation in Indian-administered Kashmir but the operation failed from the very beginning due to lack of understanding of the local culture and language, eventually met with hostility with locals who alerted the Indian government authorities.{{rp|53}}[15][16] The second war with India saw the testing and shaping of the Army Special Service Group when the Indian Army charged and invaded the Pakistan-side of Punjab in response to the covert actions took place in Indian Kashmir. The airborne missions of the Army Special Service Group included performing the combat parachuting at the Indian airbases with an intention of launching a ground assaults in the Indian Air Force's air stations in Pathankot, Adampur, and the Halwara.{{rp|contents}}[30] Boarded on a Pakistan Air Force's C-130 Hercules, the three airborne formations were flown detected on the night of 7 September 1965, first performing combat jumping at Pathankot at 02:30 hours but the wind velocity led the scattered of the team and caused them to launch an unorganized attacks on the Pathankot Air Force Station, failing to destroy any Indian Air Force's aircraft.{{rp|contents}}[30] At Adampur, the airborne formation was detected and were captured by the civilian Punjab Police while at the Halwara, the attack also failed due to high wind velocity.{{rp|contents}}[30] By 10–11 September 1965, the Indian Army had captured nearly all airborne formations originally involved in launching the ground attacks in the Indian Air Force's bases.[17]{{rp|contents}}[30] By 1970–71, the Pakistan Army had permanently posted one Army Special Service Group 3rd Commando Battalion in East-Pakistan under Lt-Col. Tariq Mehmood, begin working with local authorities in maintaining security situation in the East-Pakistan, near the border of Eastern India.{{rp|244}}[18] The performance of the Army Special Service Group was reported to be much better than their performance in 1965, with 1st Command Battalion (Yaldram) and 2nd Commando Battalion (Rahber) engaged in several of their successful sabotage missions against the Indian Army's artillery and infantry regiments, while the 3rd Command Battalion in East oriented towards successfully engaging in the seek and destroy missions.{{rp|contentes}}[7][11] Their final mission included the mounting of the successful defense of the Shahjalal International Airport against the Indian Army-backed Mukti Bahini, and were the last army special forces formation that had departed from the airport before the Dacca fall to India on 16 December 1971.{{rp|78:130}}[19] From 1972–77, the Pakistan Army went into reorganization and major restructuring of its combat services but the Army Special Service Group remained active in successfully tackling the armed insurgency in Balochistan in Pakistan.{{rp|10}}[20] In 1979, the overseas deployment of Army Special Service Group saw their combat involvement in Saudi Arabia when the Islamist insurgents engaged in a siege of Grand Mosque in Mecca.[21][22][23] Working in close coordination with French GIGN, the Army Special Service Group engaged in battling the insurgents with the Saudi Forces, eventually taking over the control of the Grand Mosque in 1979.{{rp|12}}[24]{{rp|contents}}[25] After the incident, the Pakistani government approved the permanent deployment of the Pakistani military and special forces in Saudi Arabia for security and assistance purposes.[24] War in Afghanistan and Sri Lankan civil war{{Main|Soviet–Afghan War|Sri Lankan Civil War}}In 1979–89, the Army Special Service Group had been seconded in covert actions in Afghanistan against the Soviet Union's armed intervention.{{rp|70}}[26] There have been unconfirmed reports of the Army Special Service Group engaging in armed battles with the Soviet paratroopers in incidents including the Battle for Hill 3234 and the Operation Magistral.[27][28] When the Battle for Hill 3234 concluded, the Soviet paratroopers founded that the Afghan mujaheddin actually wore the black uniforms with rectangular black-yellow-red stripes, and suspected to be Army Special Service Group personnel; Pakistan's government has officially denied their involvement. The American author, Aukai Collins, identified the elements as "Black Storks" who crossed the border to join the Afghan mujahideen – a claim also backed by American author, David Campbell.{{rp|60–61}}[29] Another battle was taken place between the Soviet paratroopers and the Afghan mujahideen in Kunar in 1986 that suspected the Army Special Service Group's involvement but the Russians dismissed the claim and noted that the battle was fought between the GRU's 15th Spetsnaz Brigade and Abdul Rab Rasul Sayyaf's group.[30] In 1980s, the Pakistani government had dispatched the units of the Army Special Service Group to the Sri Lankan Army to advise in the Sri Lankan civil war with the LTTE group in Sri Lanka.{{rp|70}}[26] During their deployment in the Sri Lankan civil war, The Army Special Service Group provided extensive training to Sri Lanka Army Special Forces and the Sri Lanka Army Commando Regiment on Jungle warfare and provided them the airborne training.{{rp|70}}[26] Siachen, Kargil, and War on Terror in Afghanistan{{Main|Siachen conflict|Kargil war|War in Afghanistan (2001–present)}}When the Indian Army's successful expedition took control of the Siachen glacier from Pakistan, the ISI's Covert Action Division (CAD) inserted in the region, confirming the intrusion and movement of Indian Army soldiers in 1983.{{rp|75}}[32] The Army Special Service Group was immediately deployed to engage in the armed battle with the Indian Army at {{convert|20,000|ft|m}} above sea level.[33] Led by Captain Muhammad Iqbal, the only 12-men Army Special Service team had to hiked at the {{convert|19,000|ft|m}} to reach the Indian Army's resting camp, eventually taking out the entire company.{{rp|83}}[34] After this expedition, the Army Special Service Group teams had to chased off the Indian Army's Para Commandos from the Glaciers, developing expertise in living in winter conditions in Siachen.{{rp|85}}[35] Over the years, the Army Special Service Group earned their renown for its expertise developed in high altitude warfare and are regularly deployed in Siachen.{{rp|18}}[36] Another successful expedition of the Army Special Service Group included the hiked towards the mountains in Kargil in 1999 but the Indian Army soon discovered Infantry regiments movements resulting in another massive assault on Pakistan that resulted in humiliating defeat of Pakistani forces.{{rp|78–79}}[32] Since 2001, the Army Special Forces have been engaged in counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations in Afghanistan and remote areas in areas adjacent to Afghanistan—their notable antiterror operation included the successful clearance of the Red Mosque in Islamabad from al-Qaeda sympathizers.[37] The Army Special Forces teams also taken parts in raiding and attacking the terrorists elements in near border with Afghanistan, working often with U.S. Army's Special Forces in Afghanistan.[38] In 2014, the Army Special Service Group reportedly successful in their manhunt operation after targeting and killing Adnan Gulshair, a Saudi citizen known as the Global Operations Chief of al-Qaeda. In January 2013, India accused Pakistan that Army Special Service Group led an attack across the Line of Control in which Indian soldiers were killed and beheaded.[39][40] Later in August 2013, a patrol of five Indian soldiers were killed 450 metres inside Indian territory, which India also believes was an sniper action by the Army Special Service Group.[41][42] These raids are part of cross border raids launched by both sides. Pakistan has accused India of beheading 12 Pakistani soldiers between 1999-2013.[43] Organizational structureDue to their selection competitiveness, demanding military physicals, and commitment required per standard of the Army's Special Forces, the Special Service Group was restricted to the Brigade level until June 2003.[4] On 14 June 2003, the major reorganization in the structure of the Army Special Service Group took place when the special forces were moved as a military division with Major-General A. F. Alvi becoming the first general officer commanding (GOC).[4] In an official documentary recognized and known structure of the Army Special Service Group given in YouTube is given below: {{clade|label1=Army SSG Divisional Headquarters |sublabel1={{small|Official Source only available in Urdu}} |style1x=background-color:#eeeeee; |1={{Clade |label5=Tarbela Brigade |sublabel5={{small|Special Operation Task Force (SOTF)}} |5={{Clade |1=3 Commando Battalion Powindahs |2=Zarrar Company |3=8 Commando Battalion (Al-Azb) |label6=Brigade HQ in Cherat |sublabel6={{small|Name not given in Documentary}} |6={{Clade |1=5 Commando Battalion (Zilzaal) |2=6 Commando Battalion (Al-Samsaam) |3=7 Commando Battalion (Babrum) |label4=Special Operation School |4={{Clade |1= |2= |3= |label3=Parachute Training School |3={{Clade |1= |2= |3= |label2=Musa Company |2={{Clade |1= |2= |3= |label1=Iqbal Buland Company |1={{Clade |1= |2= |3= |label7=11 SS Brigade HQ in Attock |7={{Clade |1=1 Commando Battalion (Yaldram) |2=2 Commando Battalion (Rahber) |3=4 Commando Battalion (Yalghar) }} }} }} Notes: Source of officially recognized and known structure of the Army Special Service Group given in YouTube.[4] The early organizational structure of the Army's Special Service Group was initially based on the regimental system, with three battalions specialized in the military diving, airborne, mountain warfare techniques.{{rp|70}}[26]{{rp|100}}{{rp|100}}[4][72] After the third war with India in 1971, the Army Special Service Group was expanded with the eight battalions that specialized in their own set of war course of actions–each battalions is specialized in their criterion of war and are considered specialists in their fields.[4] The headquarter of the Army Special Service Group was based in Cherat where the special forces schools are located but this changed with the brigade combat teams (BCTs) being deployed in different parts of the country.[44] The operational responsibility of the special operations conducted by the Army Special Service Group, nonetheless, falls under the command of the Army Strategic Forces Command (ASFC) operating from the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi, along with the Army Rangers and Strategic Plans Division Force–the CBRN defense team.[4] Battalions in the Special Forces{{Main|Battalions}}The Special Service Group is organized in eight battalions and three companies– all trained and specialists in the specific type of war operations.[4] In common practice and military formation, the Battalions typically consists of between ~300–800 personnel, but the department of army has never issued an actual strength number of its personnel serving in the battalions in the special forces.{{rp|contents}}[45] The official strength number of serving personnel in each battalions is subjected to the classified information.[46] In Pakistan Army, the Special Forces battalions are typically commanded by the lieutenant-colonels (varies, and depends on availability), and the battalions are organized into the groups under the command of the serving colonels.{{rp|70}}[47] The command of the Army's Special Service Group (Army SSG) is under the command of the Major-General whose identity is also kept in secrecy, alongside with other army personnel, citing security.[46]
Sources:{{small|Sharma, Rajeev (1999). Pakistan's Proxy War: A Story of ISI, Bin Laden and Kargil. New Delhi, India: Kaveri Book Service. p. 223. {{ISBN|9788174790354}}.}}. For a description of the modern special forces, see: global context of the Special forces. Selection and trainingQualifications and physicals{{Main|Sportsmanship|Physical fitness|Mental fitness}}The Army specialist recruiter teams usually visits the different headquarters of the army's formation, distributing the pamphlets to the officers at OF-1 rank and enlisted personnel.[6] The military physical standards, examinations, and criteria is same for the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines' special forces selections and training, often training in close coordination.[89] The Navy Special Service Group (SSGN) plays an important role in the overall architecture of the special operations forces, their qualification standards, fitness at all levels, and eligibility required for the security clearances.{{rp|100}}[51] There are three schools that the overall basic eligibility requirements to be considered for entry into the schools of the Special Forces are:
Selection and training{{Main|Pakistan Army#Education and training|l1=Special forces selection in Pakistan Armed Forces and Special Warfare and skills schools}}The medical standards in various physical courses into the entrance in the Special Forces in Pakistan maintained to be very high and extremely competitive, resulting in a major dropouts at the very early stage of selection, according to the Pakistan Army's official report in 2013.{{rp|85}}[52][107] The Pakistan Army's Medical Corps keeps the qualification and selections standards difficult and competitive in the Pakistani military to only ensure that the suitable and qualified intakes in the Special Forces in the Pakistan military as the special forces cannot be mass-produced nor it can arise in the extenuating situations.[52] Prior to joining the Special Service Group, the interested junior army officers (usually at OF-1 and OF-2) and enlisted personnel must have spent their committed military careers for at least five years and must be volunteered to join the Special Service Group.[52] Once selected through successfully undergoing through the medical evaluation, the interested personnel must report to the Parachute Training School in Peshawar to volunteer for the airborne training, and must get the airborne qualification badge from the airborne training school.[6] The airborne training course held for four weeks where the interested personnel must excelled the HALO/HAHO methods with five-day jumps and three-night military free fall.{{rp|70}}[26] After gaining their airborne qualification badge, the army personnel then reports to Cherat from Peshawar– a nominal distance between two cities is approximated between {{convert|62.9|km|mi}}[53]– engage through this journey by the foot while wearing their full military gear (30 kilograms).[6] The interested individual must undergoes a 24-week of military training and training process once reported to Cherat.{{rp|85–86}}[54] The training courses in the Special Service Group emphasis strong physical conditioning and mental fitness, including the everyday based surprised strategic thinking quiz[6] and a 36-mile march in 12 hours.[55] Violation of the military code and ethics by the trainee soldier resulted in including the {{convert|9.3|km|mi}} march from Cherat to Chapri with full {{convert|36|lbs|kg}} military gear.[6] The curriculum of the basic military training course included the mastery in Judo and Karateka, special weapons training, military navigation, and handling and disarming of the chemical explosives, survival skill training.[6] There are schools of special warfare that the trainee soldier chooses: Snow and High Altitude School, Mountain Warfare School, Airborne Warfare School, Desert Warfare School, Sniper School, and Frogman School.{{rp|70}}[26] These schools offers the advanced training courses which runs for additional 25–30 weeks (depending on student's choosing of his career), and only successfully passed out personnel are awarded with badges of their specialized fields by their specialized school faculty.[6] The dropout rates of Special Service Group(Army) is 85 to 90 Percent because of extremely tough training process. Every year, thousands of Applicants apply to join the SSG but at the end, maximum of 100 to 120 cadets get their recommendation letter for Special Service Group. The army personnel interested in the underwater demolition must be trained with their Navy counterparts in Manora Island in the Karachi coast including being qualified to get their long-range swimming qualification badge from the Naval authorities.{{rp|70}}[26][56] The Special Service Group criteria meets special forces training and selection criteria of the United States Army, and Special Service Group's personnel are regularly send to the United States to collaborate with the American Special Forces personnel for further training in special warfare and tactics.{{rp|71}}[26] Interaction with other special forces{{Main|United States-Pakistan military relations|China–Pakistan relations|Pakistan–Russia relations||Pakistan–Turkey relations|Pakistan's military assistance to Sri Lanka}}Since its establishment in 1956, the Army Special Service Group have been regularly interacted and trained together with the United States Army Special Forces–though the Pakistan Army's infantry branch had first participated in Exercise Vulcan and Exercise Handicap in 1954.[6]{{rp|14}}[57] Besides training and the interaction with the United States Army, Pakistan Army Special Service Group have held joint special warfare training exercises with the Special Air Service (SAS) of the British Army, Special Forces Command of the Turkish Land Forces, Special Operation Forces of the Royal Jordanian Army, the Special Operation Forces of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Ground Forces, and the Spetsnaz of the Russian Ground Forces.[56] For their overseas deployment for the purpose of the education and training, the Special Service Group have been deployed in Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Bahrain, Maldives, United Arab Emirates, Turkmenistan, Egypt, Japan, and Iraq where its operatives have overseen the friendly nations special forces programs.[56] Since 1998, the Army Special Service Group biannually conducts the military exercise with the Turkish Land Forces's Special Forces, which have been designated as the "Jinnah–Ataturk Series."[58] The military exercise held in Pakistan is known as "Ataturk Exercise" while in Turkey, it is known as "Jinnah Exercise."[58] The first of these series of exercise were held in Pakistan, with twenty-one Turkish Land Forces officers and fourteen enlists coming to Pakistan for the exercise– Pakistan reciprocated the visit in 2000.[58] The Jinnah-Ataturk Series are oriented and focused towards the snow, high-altitude, and mountain warfare."[58] With renewed military relations with the United States Army in 1990s, the Army Special Service Group conducted several military exercises with the United States Army Special Forces (SF), known as the "Exercise Inspired Venture/Gambit", with first being held in 1993.[59] The Exercise Inspired Venture/Gambit is oriented and directed towards focusing on special weapon familiarization, mountain warfare, night time assaults, air assault techniques in counter-terrorism measures.[59] Since 2006, the Army Special Service Group also conducts training with the People's Liberation Army Ground Forces Special Operation Forces, which is known as the Pakistan-China Joint Exercise Friendship– this exercise is oriented towards tackling insurgencies and improving methods in counterterrorism.[60] In 2008–09, the Army Special Services Group, together with the United States Army Special Forces, participated in the multinational security exercise, the Operation Bright Star, held in Alexandria in Egypt in 2009 to train with the Thunderbolt Forces of the Egyptian Army.[6] In 2016, the Army Special Service Group conducted the annual military exercise with the Russian Ground Forces' Spetsnaz–the Russo-Pakistani military exercise is known as Druzhba (lit. Friendship).[61] The Druzhba with Russian Spetsnaz are oriented and focused towards mountain warfare and tactics in counterterrorism in taking out and eliminating the terrorist organizations with first being held in 2016 and the recent being held in 2018.[62] OperationsCounterterrorism operations timeline
Notable membersNotable members of the Army Special Service Group
Appearance and equipmentUniforms and insignia{{Main|U.S. Woodland}}In 1970s, the Army Special Service Group Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) was standard Khaki but this was changed with British-styled DPM.[4] In 1990s, the Battle Dress Uniform was changed in favor of adopting the U.S. woodland (or M81) with a maroon berets, a common color for the airborne forces, with a silver metal tab on a light blue felt square with a dagger and lightning bolts, and a wing on the right side of the chest.{{rp|100}}[51] The counterterrorism teams, on the other hand, include camouflage and black dungarees (for the CT team).[4] SSGN (SSG Navy) is distinguished by a dark blue beret with three versions of the "fouled anchor" navy badge for officers, NCOs and enlisted men. A metal SSGN qualification badge featuring a vertical dagger superimposed over a midget submarine is worn over the left pocket on dress uniforms. Parachute wings are worn over the right pocket. The SSW (Special Service Wing) is distinguished by maroon berets with PAF Officer, JCO or Airmen insignia on the beret, and a wing on the right side of the chest. The combat uniform of SSW is olive drab camouflage. They also wear their special service wing insignia on the left shoulder "Winged Dragons and lightning bolts" . {{-}}EquipmentPistols
Influence on the Inter-services branches{{Main|Pakistan Marines#Marines bases, camps, and battalions|l1=1st Marines Battalion (Pakistan)|Special Service Group (Navy)|Special Service Wing|Pakistan Army Rangers|Dolphin Force|Elite Police}}| width = 200 | footer ={{center|Special Operations Forces in Pakistan's four tier military branches}} | image1=Pakistan Navy Special Service Group Badge.jpg | alt1 = Navy badge | caption1 = {{small|The Navy Special Service Group badge.}} | image2 = Pakistan Air Force Special Service Wing Badge.jpg | alt2 = {{small|The Air Force Special Service Wing badge.}} | caption2 = {{small|The Air Force Special Service Wing badge.}} | image3 =Official logo of the Pakistan Marines.jpg | alt3 = Anza | caption3 ={{small|The Marines Special Service Group badge.}} After the second war with India in 1965, the Army Special Service Group had established its personnel physical fitness leading the Pakistan Navy to recognize the need of the special operation force but it had little experience and tradition in the military scuba diving as well as had little understanding towards the nature of the seaborne special operations.{{rp|contents}}[1] In 1966, the Army Special Service Group helped raise the military diving division within the Navy from its frogman team— the Musa Company that remains to be part the Army Special Service Group for inland riverine operations.{{rp|contents}}[1] Introduction and instructions on combat scuba diving and basic training were provided by the personnel from the Musa Company before the Navy Special Service Group moved towards getting trained with the U.S. Navy's United States Navy SEALs.{{rp|contents}}[1] Over the several years, the Navy dependent on the Army to provide training to their Navy SEAL Teams in the Navy Special Service Group on education and training on the combat parachuting, sniper marksmanship, counterterrorism, and counterinsurgency.{{rp|contents}}[1] Eventually, the Navy established their own schools on combat parachuting, sniping, counterterrorism, and the counterinsurgency but these schools are influenced and modeled after the Army's Special Service Group training methods whose instructors are the alumnus of the Army schools of special operation forces who tightly followed the army's philosophy, physical standards, and education.{{rp|contents}}[1] The personnel of the Navy SEAL Teams in the Navy Special Service Group adopted to wear the Army Special Service Group U.S. Woodland (M81) Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) with the distinction of the dark blue beret with three versions of the "fouled anchor" with a navy badge (as shown in the footage) and a metal SSGN qualification badge featuring a vertical dagger superimposed over a midget submarine is worn over the left pocket on dress uniforms; parachute wings are worn over the right pocket.{{rp|contents}}[1] In 1965, the Pakistan Air Force had a special operation force established: the Special Service Wing under Brig. Mukhtar Dogar (local rank: Air Commodore) but it was decommissioned in 1972 whose personnel went to join the Army Special Service Group. In 2003, the Pakistan Air Force recommissioned the Special Service Wing and their headgear is distinguished by maroon berets with the airmen wears insignia on the beret, and a wing on the right side of the chest. The combat uniform of SSW is olive drab camouflage. They also wear their special service wing insignia on the left shoulder "Winged Dragons and lightning bolts" . In popular culture
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last1=Ryan |first1=Mike |last2=Mann |first2=Chris |last3=Stilwell |first3=Alexander |title=The Encyclopedia of the World's Special Forces: Tactics, History, Strategy, Weapons |date=2014 |publisher=Amber Books Ltd |isbn=9781907446894 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6-XuBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT250&dq=army+special+service+group+pakistan+pistol&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiGofu_1ZbgAhWwIDQIHYFgDxQQuwUILzAA#v=onepage&q=army%20special%20service%20group%20pakistan%20pistol&f=false |accessdate=30 January 2019 |language=en |format=google books |chapter={{small|(§Special Forces: Pakistan)}}}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Faiz |first1=Ashraf |title=From First Post to Last Post: A Journey Through Army Culture |date=2003 |publisher=Vanguard |location=Islamabad, Pakistan |isbn=9789694023793 |pages=230 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4zeAAAAMAAJ&dq=special+service+group+maroon+beret+pakistan&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+maroon+beret+ |accessdate=23 January 2019 |language=en-us |format=snippet view}} 3. ^{{cite web |last1=Khan |first1=T. |title=10 SSG Moments: The Black Storks Mann Janbazam |url=https://www.shughal.com/10-ssg-moments-the-black-storks-mann-janbazam/ |website=www.shughal.com |accessdate=23 January 2019 |date=2 February 2017}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web |title=Intro to Pakistani Commandos - Special Service Group {{!}} SSG |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pweZWZzPSk0 |publisher=Army ISPR |accessdate=23 January 2019}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Ahmad |first1=Javid |title=Pakistan’s Secret War Machine |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/pakistans-secret-war-machine-25733 |website=www.nationalinterest.org |publisher=The National Interest |accessdate=23 January 2019 |language=en-us |date=7 May 2018}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{cite web |last1=Khiyal |first1=Cdr. Roshan |title=History of the Special Service Group (SSG) - Pakistan Army - Part 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDpamB-5i0Y |website=/www.youtube.com |publisher=ISPR YouTube |accessdate=26 January 2019 |location=Islamabad |language=ur |format=.watch |date=21 February 2011}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Bennett |first1=Richard M. |editor1-last=Berry |editor1-first=Davis |title=Elite Forces: The World's Most Formidable Secret Armies |date=2011 |publisher=Penguin Random House |location=New York, United States |isbn=9780753547649 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Elite_Forces/4JsL8v_sg5wC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Special+service+group+pakistan+1953&pg=PT461&printsec=frontcover |edition= 3rd. |language=en-us |format=google books |chapter=(§Special Forces:Pakistan)}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Special Operations School |url=https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent4265.html?pId=279&rnd=486 |website=www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk |accessdate=23 January 2019}} 9. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Mitha, PA |first1=Aboobaker Osman |authorlink1=A O Mitha |title=Unlikely Beginnings: A Soldier's Life |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |isbn=9780195794137 |page=443 |edition= 1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqfeAAAAMAAJ&dq=Special+service+group+pakistan+mitha&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=special+services+group |accessdate=23 January 2019 |language=en |format=snippet view}} 10. ^{{cite web |last1=Alvi |first1=Maj-Gen. Faisal A. |title=Intro to Pakistani Commandos - Special Service Group {{!}} SSG |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pweZWZzPSk0 |website=www.youtube.com |publisher=Pakistan Military |accessdate=23 January 2019 |location=Cherat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |language=en-us |format=watch.v |date=31 March 2017}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web| url=http://orbat.com/site/toe/toe/pakistan/ssg.html| title=Pakistan Special Service Group| accessdate=2007-07-21| first=Mandeep| last=Singh Bajwa | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107020614/http://orbat.com/site/toe/toe/pakistan/ssg.html | archivedate= 7 November 2013}} 12. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Amin |first1=A. H. |title=Remembering Our Warriors: Remember Brig. S.Y. Minto |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm |website=www.defencejournal.com |publisher=defencejournal |accessdate=23 January 2019 |date=1 February 2002}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=Parachute Training School |url=https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContentd78b.html?pId=280&rnd=487 |website=www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk |accessdate=23 January 2019}} 14. ^{{cite web|last1=Amin|first1=A.H.|title=Remembering Our Warriors: Brig. Shamim Yasin Manto|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal Shamim|accessdate=19 September 2017|location=Karachi|language=en-pk|date=February 2002}} 15. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Sirrs |first1=Owen L. |title=Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate Covert Action and Internal Operations |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=New York, U.S> |isbn=9781317196099 |pages=328 |edition=1st |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pakistan_s_Inter_Services_Intelligence_D/_S-TDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=SSG+Operation+Gibraltar&pg=PA53&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=28 January 2019 |language=en-us |format=google books |chapter=(§Indo-Pakistani war of 1965)}} 16. ^{{cite book |last1=Rammohan |first1=E. M. |title=Countering Insurgencies in India |date=2011 |publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9789381411667 |pages=226 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Countering_Insurgencies_in_India/6fSpCQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Special+Service+Group+local+kashmir&pg=PA156&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=28 January 2019 |language=en-gb |format=google books |chapter=(§The Kashmir Insurgency)}} 17. ^{{cite book |last1=Conboy |first1=Kenneth |title=Elite Forces of India and Pakistan |date=2012 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781780967677 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCvDCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=special+service+group+1965+war&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiku4qN-o_gAhWnSt8KHUqsB6wQuwUIRDAE#v=onepage&q=special%20service%20group%20&f=false |language=en}} 18. ^{{cite book |last1=Dhar |first1=Maloy Krishna |title=Mission: Pakistan |date=2004 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=9780595304820 |pages=658 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shUE0CjTPYEC&pg=PA244&dq=special+service+group+east+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiM4oiK_4_gAhXsguAKHWQSD4cQuwUIUjAH#v=onepage&q=special%20service%20group%20east%20pakistan&f=false |language=en-gb |format=google books |chapter=(§Chapter 6)}} 19. ^{{cite book |last1=Ṣiddīqī |first1=ʻAbdurraḥmān |title=East Pakistan the End Game: An Onlooker's Journal 1969-1971 |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |isbn=9780195799934 |pages=260 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WudtAAAAMAAJ&dq=East+Pakistan+the+End+Game&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=SSG |accessdate=28 January 2019 |language=en}} 20. ^{{cite book |last1=Kundi |first1=Mansoor Akbar |title=Balochistan: hope and despair |date=2002 |publisher=New Quetta Book Stall |pages=144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQFuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Special+Service+Group+Balochistan+1974&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Special+Service+Groups |accessdate=28 January 2019 |language=en}} 21. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=-nZeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT63&dq=saudi+pakistani+commandos+1979+mecca&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwju2uva6_7QAhWKp5QKHYyMD4MQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=saudi%20pakistani%20commandos%201979%20mecca&f=false|title=The Audacious Ascetic: What the Bin Laden Tapes Reveal About Al-Qa'ida|last=Miller|first=Flagg|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780190613396|location=|pages=|quote=|via=}} 22. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Rl9eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT219&dq=saudi+pakistani+commandos+1979+mecca&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwju2uva6_7QAhWKp5QKHYyMD4MQ6AEIJDAC#v=onepage&q=saudi%20pakistani%20commandos%201979%20mecca&f=false|title=Force and Fanaticism: Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia and Beyond|last=Valentine|first=Simon Ross|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9781849046169|location=|pages=|quote=|via=}} 23. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNwzeQAHVJwC|title=Fatal Faultlines : Pakistan, Islam and the West|publisher=Arc Manor Publishers|year=2012|isbn=978-1-60450-478-1|location=Rockville, Maryland|page=129|author=Irfan Husain|accessdate=17 April 2012}} 24. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Thorat |first1=Siddhartha |title=Operation ‘Fox-Hunt’ |publisher=Sristhi Publishers & Distributors |isbn=9789382665151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7mqDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&dq=special+service+group+mecca&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwio1duYhpDgAhUST98KHX6IAJUQuwUIOTAC#v=onepage&q=special%20service%20group%20mecca&f=false |language=en}} 25. ^{{cite book |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Fazle |title=Promises of Betrayals: The History That Shaped the Iranian Shia Clerics |date=2018 |publisher=Archway Publishing |isbn=9781480869899 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipp8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT137&dq=special+service+group+mecca&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiqlcONhpDgAhWPPN8KHZ0ECd4QuwUIMzAB#v=onepage&q=special%20service%20group%20mecca&f=false |accessdate=28 January 2019 |language=en}} 26. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |last1=IBP |first1=USA International Business Publications |title=Pakistan Intelligence, Security Activities and Operations Handbook |date=2009 |publisher=USA International Business Publications |location=Wasthington DC. USA |isbn=9781438737218 |pages=300 |edition= 1st |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pakistan_Intelligence_Security_Activitie/nYqnBQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=maroon+beret+pakistan&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=23 January 2019 |language=en-us |format=google books |chapter=(§SSG Weapons and Uniforms)}} 27. ^"Клятва тридцати девяти". {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230758/http://www.rsva.ru/biblio/prose_af/afgan-soldiers/5.shtml |date=2016-03-03}} A. Oliynik. Krasnaya Zvezda, 29 October 1988. {{ru icon}} 28. ^"Афганистан: бой у высоты 3234". {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175127/http://www.rsva.ru/biblio/prose_af/afgan-soldiers/4.shtml |date=2016-03-03}} D. Meshchaninov. {{ru icon}} 29. ^{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=David |title=Soviet Paratrooper vs Mujahideen Fighter: Afghanistan 1979–89 |date=2017 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=New York, US |isbn=9781472817655 |pages=80 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKE2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64&dq=Special+Service+Group+Black+storks&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_qumPipDgAhVxS98KHYwcCYUQuwUIMzAB#v=onepage&q=Special%20Service%20Group%20Black%20storks&f=false |accessdate=28 January 2019 |language=en-us |format=google boks |chapter=Battlefield Environment}} 30. ^Lester W. Grau & Ali Ahmed Jalali, Forbidden Cross-Border Vendetta: Spetsnaz Strike into Pakistan during the Soviet-Afghan War {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110537/http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/Krer-SOF.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, December 2005, p.1-2 Referenced copy was obtained via the Foreign Military Studies Office website 31. ^{{cite news |last1=Pervaiz |first1=Athar |title=Killer Siachen — 'where a Pakistani soldier dies every four days from the cold' |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1237803 |accessdate=30 January 2019 |work=Dawn |date=8 February 2016 |location=Siachen in Pakistan |language=en-us}} 32. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Peter R. Lavoy |first1=Peter R. |title=Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=London, UK |isbn=9781139482820 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Asymmetric_Warfare_in_South_Asia/sUIgAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Siachen+Army+Special+Service+Group&pg=PA75&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=30 January 2019}} 33. ^{{cite web |last1=Khiyal |first1=Commander Roshan |title=Special Service Group (SSG) - Pakistan Army - Part 2 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-xkiii5jfU |accessdate=28 January 2019}} 34. ^{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Syed Ishfaq |title=Fangs of Ice: The Story of Siachen |date=1991 |publisher=Pak American Commercial |isbn=9789698152000 |pages=161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=70puAAAAMAAJ&dq=Captain+Muhammad+Iqbal+Sichen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Iqbal |language=en-us |format=snippet view}} 35. ^{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Harjeet |title=South Asia Defence and Strategic Year Book, 2010 |date=2010 |publisher=Pentagon Security International |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9788182744448 |pages=376 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/South_Asia_Defence_and_Strategic_Year_Bo/yXrwKA8GkU8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Siachen+Army+Special+Service+Group&pg=PA85&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=30 January 2019 |format=google books |chapter=(§The Flawed Indian Perspective)}} 36. ^{{cite book |last1=Raina |first1=Dina Nath |title=Kashmir - Distortions and Reality |date=1994 |publisher=Reliance Publishing House |isbn=9788185972527 |pages=307 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VVuAAAAMAAJ&dq=SSG+Siachen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=expertise+ |language=en}} 37. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/07/12/MNGOTQUTPG1.DTL |title=Mosque siege ends, and grim cleanup begins |work=San Francisco Chronicle |first=Griff |last=Witte |date=2010-08-22}} 38. ^Secret U.S. Unit Trains Commandos in Pakistan, Eric Schmit and Jane Perlez, New York Times, 22 February 2009 39. ^{{cite news|last=Joseph|first=Josy|title=Pak cross-LoC raid: Brutality similar to 2000 strike by Ilyas Kashmiri|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-10/india/36257323_1_indian-soldiers-ilyas-kashmiri-pakistani-army|accessdate=12 January 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=10 January 2013}} 40. ^{{cite news|title=Second beheading in two years by Pakistan|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/304477/second-beheading-two-years-pakistan.html|accessdate=12 January 2013|date=10 January 2013}} 41. ^{{cite news|title=Pakistan's special commando force behind LoC attack|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-08/india/41200663_1_pakistan-army-ssg-indian-army|accessdate=23 August 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=8 August 2013|author=Rajat Pandit}} 42. ^{{cite news|title=Kashmir: Five Indian soldiers killed in shooting|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-23584350|accessdate=23 August 2013|newspaper=BBC|date=6 August 2013}} 43. ^http://www.dawn.com/news/782394 44. ^{{cite news |last1=Dawn.com |first1=webdesk |title=Army to preserve its own dignity and institutional pride: COAS |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1098333 |accessdate=22 January 2019 |work=DAWN.COM |agency=Dawn Newspaper |publisher=Dawn Newspaper |date=7 April 2014 |location=Tarbela, Kpk in Pakistan |language=en-us }} 45. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |last1=Conboy |first1=Kenneth |editor1-last=Hannon |editor1-first=Paul |title=Elite Forces of India and Pakistan |date=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=Bloomberg, Ind. U.S. |isbn=9781780967677 |pages=64 |edition=1st |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Elite_Forces_of_India_and_Pakistan/mCvDCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=1+Commando+Battalion+(SSG)&pg=PT84&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=24 January 2019 |language=en-us}} 46. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Ahsan |first1=Zaeem |title=Special Services Group (SSG) |url=https://special-ops.org/5042/special-services-group-ssg/ |website=Spec Ops Magazine |publisher=Spec Ops Magazine |accessdate=26 January 2019 |language=en-us |date=13 October 2013}} 47. ^{{cite book |last1=IBP |first1=International Business Publications |editor1-last=International Business Publications |title=Pakistan Intelligence, Security Activities & Operations Handbook |date=2009 |publisher=: International Business Publications USA |location=Washington DC, US |isbn=9781438737225 |pages=300 |edition=1st |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pakistan_Intelligence_Security_Activitie/nYqnBQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=SSG+battalion&pg=PA70&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=24 January 2019 |language=en-us |format=google books |chapter={{small|(Pakistan Army SSG)}}}} 48. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Rajeev |title=Pak Proxy War: A Story of ISI, Bin Laden and Kargil |date=1999 |publisher=Kaveri Book Service |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9788174790354 |pages=223 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQxvAAAAMAAJ&dq=1+Commando+Battalion+SSG&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=1+Commando+Battalion |accessdate=25 January 2019 |language=en-gb |format=sippet view}} 49. ^1 {{cite web |title=Pakistan's SSG |url=http://www.specwarnet.net/world/pakistan_ssg.htm |website=www.specwarnet.net |accessdate=24 January 2019}} 50. ^{{cite web |title=Rangers Anti Terrorist Force |url=https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContentc0e0.html?pId=141 |website=www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk |accessdate=26 January 2019}} 51. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=Oberoi |first1=Vijay |title=Special Forces: Doctrine, Structures, and Employment Across Spectrum of Conflict in the Indian Context |date=2006 |publisher=Knowledge World |isbn=9788187966395 |pages=458 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MrPeAAAAMAAJ&dq=Navy+Special+Service+Group+Musa&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Pakistan%27s+Naval+ |accessdate=11 February 2019 |language=en}} 52. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{cite web |title=Special Operations School: Selection Criteria |url=https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent4265.html?pId=279&rnd=486 |website=www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk |accessdate=26 January 2019}} 53. ^{{cite web |title=Para Training School SSG to Cherat |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Para+Training+School+SSG,+Grand+Trunk+Rd,+Tahkal,+Peshawar,+Khyber+Pakhtunkhwa,+Pakistan/Cher%C4%81t,+Pakistan/@33.9181381,71.6351428,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x38d917a85cc92077:0xdb911805b6c6a533!2m2!1d71.5271759!2d34.0063079!1m5!1m1!1s0x38d8d5b70599b6a9:0xb6a64c1b0c410234!2m2!1d71.8882611!2d33.8215207 |website=Para Training School SSG to Cherat |accessdate=26 January 2019 |language=en|format=google maps}} 54. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Katoch |first1=P. C. |last2=Datta |first2=Saikat |title=India's Special Forces History and Future of Special Forces |date=2013 |publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9789382573524 |edition=1st |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/India_s_Special_Forces/MgGqCQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Special+service+group+pakistan+selection&pg=PA85&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=26 January 2019 |language=en-gb |format=google books |chapter={{small|(Pakistan Army Special Forces)}}}} 55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com.au/the-most-elite-special-forces-in-the-world-2015-5#1-the-special-services-group-ssg-in-pakistan-is-better-known-in-the-country-as-the-black-storks-due-to-the-commandos-unique-headgear-training-reportedly-includes-a-36-mile-march-in-12-hours-and-a-five-mile-run-in-20-minutes-in-full-gear-13|title=The 9 most elite special forces in the world|author=Tomas Hirst|work=Business Insider Australia|accessdate=17 February 2016}} 56. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Special Service Group (SSG) - Pakistan Army's SSG selection |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-xkiii5jfU |accessdate=26 January 2019}} 57. ^{{cite book |last1=Arif |first1=Khalid Mahmud |authorlink1=Khalid Mahmud Arif |title=Khaki Shadows: Pakistan 1947-1997 |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |isbn=9780195793963 |pages=452 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf0vAQAAIAAJ&dq=Pakistan+Vulcan+Exercise&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=brigade-size |accessdate=27 January 2019 |language=en-us |format=snippet view}} 58. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title=Pakistan and Turkish Special Forces participate in Military Exercise in Ankara |url=http://tvi.com.pk/pakistan-and-turkish-special-forces-participate-in-military-exercise-in-ankara/ |accessdate=27 January 2019 |work=Tele-Visual Infolink |agency=Tele-Visual Infolink |publisher=Tele-Visual Infolink |date=26 March 2017}} 59. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Sharif |first1=Arshad |title=Nothing unusual about Cherat exercises: ISPR |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/402927 |accessdate=27 January 2019 |work=DAWN.COM |agency=Dawn Newspaper |publisher=Dawn Newspaper |date=28 April 2005 |location=Cherat, Pakistan |language=en-us }} 60. ^{{cite news|url = http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/193029.htm | title = Joint Anti-terror Military Exercise Concludes | publisher = Xinhua News Agency}} 61. ^{{cite news |last1=Gady |first1=Franz-Stefan |title=Pakistan, Russia to Hold Joint Military Exercise |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/10/pakistan-russia-to-hold-joint-military-exercise/ |accessdate=27 January 2019 |work=The Diplomat |agency=The Diplomat |publisher=The Diplomat |date=17 October 2018 |location=Islamabad, Pakistan |language=en }} 62. ^{{cite news |title=Russian forces arrive in Pakistan for third joint-military drill |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/russian-forces-arrive-in-pakistan-for-third-joint-military-drill/articleshow/66315007.cms |accessdate=27 January 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=22 October 2018}} 63. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/21/world/afghan-gunmen-hijack-a-school-bus-in-pakistan.html|title=Afghan Gunmen Hijack a School Bus in Pakistan|date=21 February 1994|work=AP|accessdate=17 February 2016|via=The New York Times}} 64. ^{{cite news|title=Islamabad reviews Afghan refugee policy after hijack|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wrUcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q0sEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5335,917237|accessdate=30 June 2012|newspaper=News Straits Times|date=21 February 1994|location=Islamabad}} 65. ^Dead belonged to company deployed at Lal Masjid, Jamia Hafsa’ By Javed Iqbal & Mushtaq Yusufzai The News, Pakistan 14 September 2007 66. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/14/world/asia/14pakistan.html?hp Bomb in Pakistan Kills at Least 15 From Elite Unit By SALMAN MASOOD and ISMAIL KHAN] 14 September 2007 67. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/Dawn%20Content%20Library/dawn/news/pakistan/attack-on-police-academy-leaves-8-dead--150-injured--il|title=13 killed, 100 injured as forces recapture Manawan academy|last=Faisal Ali|first=Mohammad|date=2009-03-30|publisher=Dawn TV|accessdate=2009-03-31}} 68. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.aaj.tv/news/Latest/105_detail.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002035811/http://aaj.tv/news/Latest/105_detail.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2016-10-02|title=Lahore under attack again: 12 dead, 90 injured in bloody siege at police academy, three gunmen captured|last=Nawaz|first=Hamid|date=2009-03-30|publisher=Aaj TV|accessdate=2009-03-31}} 69. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/asiaCrisis/idUSSP477910|title=Pakistan commandos rescue 39 hostages, three killed|date=2009-10-11|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=2009-10-11}} 70. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24981|title=Senior officers were main target of GHQ attack|date=2009-10-13|publisher=The News|accessdate=2009-10-13}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 71. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AsimBajwaISPR/status/547433407781679104|title=Gen Asim Bajwa|work=Twitter|accessdate=17 February 2016}} 72. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/16/world/asia/pakistan-peshawar-school-attack/|title=Taliban school attack: 145 killed in Pakistan siege - CNN.com|author=Sophia Saifi and Greg Botelho, CNN|date=16 December 2014|work=CNN|accessdate=17 February 2016}} 73. ^{{cite web |url=http://search.com.bd/banglapedia/HT/T_0023.htm |title=Biography at Banglapedia |accessdate=2012-04-09 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110120239/http://search.com.bd/banglapedia/HT/T_0023.htm |archivedate=10 January 2008 |df= }} 74. ^{{cite news |last1=Entertainment Desk |first1=ED |title=Timeless classics that pay tribute to Pakistan's armed forces |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/951661/timeless-classics-that-paid-tribute-to-pakistans-armed-forces/ |accessdate=26 January 2019 |work=The Express Tribune |agency=The Express Tribune |publisher=The Express Tribune |date=6 September 2015}} Recommended reading
Sources and external links{{commons category|Special Services Group of Pakistan}}
4 : Military units and formations established in 1956|Airborne units and formations of Pakistan|Counter-terrorist organizations|Special forces of Pakistan |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。