| 词条 | Speedy trial |
| 释义 |
The right to a speedy trial is a human right under which it is asserted that a government prosecutor may not delay the trial of a criminal suspect arbitrarily and indefinitely. Otherwise, the power to impose such delays would effectively allow prosecutors to send anyone to jail for an arbitrary length of time without trial. Although it is important for the protection of speedy trial rights that there be a court in which a defendant may complain about the unreasonable delay of the trial, it is also important that nations implement structures that avoid the delay.[1] Recognition of speedy trial rightsIn jurisdictions with strong rule of law, the requirement of a "speedy trial" forces prosecutors to diligently build cases within a reasonable amount of time commensurate with the complexity and heinousness of the crimes of which suspects are accused. The right is based on the notion that long-term incarceration should normally be restricted to situations in which a judge or jury have determined a suspect has committed a crime. The right to a speedy trial is codified in fundamental legal documents in several jurisdictions, and may be further defined by statutory law. CanadaSpeedy trial rights are recognized within Section Eleven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. EuropeWithin Europe, speedy trial rights are recognized by Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. In English law, this right was developed by the Assize of Clarendon in 1166 (a judge would be summoned if one was not immediately available) and Magna Carta in 1215 ("To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice.").[2] PhilippinesThe Constitution of the Philippines states, "All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies."[3] United StatesIn the United States, basic speedy trial rights are protected by the Speedy Trial Clause of the United States Constitution. States may also offer additional speedy trial protections.[4] In June 1776, a "speedy trial" provision was explicitly included in the Virginia Declaration of Rights by George Mason, its principal author. The consequences of a speedy trial violation may require that the case be dismissed, although depending upon the circumstances it may be possible for the state to again initiate a criminal charge against a defendant despite a speedy trial violation. See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Buonomo|first1=Giampiero|title = Equa durata del processo: il risarcimento non risolve il problema |journal= Diritto&Giustizia edizione online |date=2000| url= https://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89306900}} {{Subscription required |via=Questia}} {{Criminal-law-stub}}2. ^{{cite web|last1=Shestokas|first1=David J.|title=Sixth Amendment’s Speedy Trial Right: Ancient, Worthy and Elusive|url=http://www.shestokas.com/constitution-educational-series/sixth-amendments-speedy-trial-right-ancient-worthy-and-elusive/|website=David Shestokas|accessdate=28 September 2017|date=13 November 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Philippines, Article III|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines_(1987)#Article_III:_Bill_of_Rights|website=Wikisource|accessdate=28 September 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Larson|first1=Aaron|title=What are Speedy Trial Rights|url=https://www.expertlaw.com/library/criminal-law/what-are-speedy-trial-rights|website=ExpertLaw|accessdate=28 September 2017}} 2 : Criminal law|Human rights |
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