词条 | Spring (political terminology) |
释义 |
Political "spring" is a term popularized in the late twentieth century to refer to any of a number of student protests, revolutionary political movements or revolutionary waves. It originated in the European Revolutions of 1848, which was sometimes referred to as the "Spring of Nations" or "Springtime of the Peoples".[1]
External links1. ^Merriman, John, A History of Modern Europe: From the French Revolution to the Present, 1996, p 715 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/08/98/burma/145416.stm |title=Special Report | 1998 | 08/98 | Burma | Waiting for democracy |publisher=BBC News |date=1998-08-14 |accessdate=2012-10-09}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/other%20Gandhis.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=May 25, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218142541/http://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/other%20Gandhis.htm |archivedate=February 18, 2006 }} 4. ^http://www.teaandtoast.ie/?p=1041 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://himalbooks.com/shop/products/Kathmandu-Spring%3A-The-People%E2%80%99s-Movement-of-1990.html# |title=Kathmandu Spring: The People’s Movement of 1990 |publisher=Himal Books |date=1990-04-06 |accessdate=2012-10-09}} 6. ^{{cite web|author=Kunda Dixit, May 4, 2006, 12.00am IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-05-04/edit-page/27815082_1_king-gyanendra-kathmandu-civil-servants |title=Kathmandu Spring - Times Of India |publisher=Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2006-05-04 |accessdate=2012-10-09}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2001/01/11/iran |title=Shutting down the Tehran Spring |publisher=Salon.com |date=2001-01-11 |accessdate=2012-10-09}} 8. ^{{cite web|last=Gardner |first=David |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/594504cc-39f7-11e0-82aa-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1NNJAGub0 |title=Tehran Spring haunts guardians of revolution |publisher=FT.com |date=2011-02-16 |accessdate=2012-10-09}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/8087-harare-spring-fizzles.html |title="Harare Spring" fizzles – #Zimbabwe News Daily at your fingertips – |publisher=Thezimbabwemail.com |date=2011-05-17 |accessdate=2012-10-09}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/7689217.stm |title=Programmes | From Our Own Correspondent | Hope fades under Zimbabwe facade |publisher=BBC News |date=2008-10-25 |accessdate=2012-10-09}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/previous_seasons/shows/saudi/cards10.html |title=Wide Angle . The Saudi Question . Who's Who: The House of Saud |publisher=PBS |date= |accessdate=2012-10-09}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://observers.france24.com/content/20120222-spain-police-clash-students-protest-against-valencia-education-cuts|title=Spanish police clash violently with students: "I don’t understand how the situation degenerated so fast"|work=Observers}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/21/valencia-police-students-standoff-spain-protests|title=Valencia police and students clash over education cuts|author=Giles Tremlett|work=the Guardian}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2012/02/21/inenglish/1329841081_576671.html|title=Thousands take to Valencia streets in protest against police violence and education cuts|author=Ediciones El País|work=EL PAÍS}} 15. ^{{cite web |author=Time Magazine |url=http://www.demotix.com/news/1067272/police-beat-students-riots-valencia#media-1067230 |title=Police beat students in riots in Valencia |publisher=Demotix.com |date= |accessdate=2013-09-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063906/http://www.demotix.com/news/1067272/police-beat-students-riots-valencia#media-1067230 |archivedate=2013-09-21 |df= }} 16. ^{{cite web|author= |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50816F63E5F10738DDDAB0994DC405B8085F0D3 |title=THE RIOTS IN VALENCIA. - Front Page - NYTimes.com |publisher=New York Times |date=2012-06-10 |accessdate=2013-09-22}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17112779 |title=BBC News - Spain protest over riot police beatings in Valencia |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2012-02-21 |accessdate=2013-09-22}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.es.amnesty.org/es/grupos-locales/comunidad-valenciana/grupos/valencia/paginas/noticia/articulo/davant-la-resposta-policial-a-les-manifestacions-estudiantils-a-valencia/ |title=Ante la respuesta policial a las manifestaciones estudiantiles en Valencia: Amnistía Internacional Valencia - Derechos Humanos |publisher=Es.amnesty.org |date= |accessdate=2013-09-22}} 19. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.elcorreo.com/agencias/20120221/mas-actualidad/sociedad/save-children-pide-investigue-hubo_201202211517.html|title=Save the Children pide que se investigue si hubo maltrato policial a menores. Vizcaya|publisher=El Correo|date=|accessdate=2013-09-22|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060033/http://www.elcorreo.com/agencias/20120221/mas-actualidad/sociedad/save-children-pide-investigue-hubo_201202211517.html|archivedate=2013-09-21|df=}} 20. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.levante-emv.com/comunitat-valenciana/2012/02/27/diez-dias-primavera-valenciana/884866.html |title=Diez días de primavera valenciana |publisher=Levante-EMV |date= |accessdate=2013-09-22}} 1 : Political terminology |
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