| 词条 | SS Gasfire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
SS Gasfire was a British steam collier of the Gas Light and Coke Company (GLCC). She was built in Sunderland in 1936, survived severe damage from being torpedoed in 1940 and was sunk by a mine in the North Sea in 1941. Building and peacetime serviceIn 1936 SP Austin & Son, Ltd at Sunderland on the River Wear built a pair of colliers for the GLCC, completing {{SS|Mr. Therm||2}} in May[1] and her sister ship Gasfire in October.[2] At more than {{GRT|2970}}[3] each they were as large as many ocean-going cargo ships, but they were built for a North Sea coastal route, bringing coal from the Great Northern Coalfield of North East England to the GLCC's Beckton Gas Works on the River Thames. Gasfire had six corrugated furnaces with a combined grate area of {{convert|82|sqft|0}} that heated two single-ended boilers with a combined heating surface of {{convert|3732|sqft|0}}. These fed steam at 200 lbf/in2 to a three-cylinder triple expansion steam engine built by North East Marine Engineering Co of Newcastle upon Tyne. The engine was rated at 259 NHP and drove a single screw.[2]The GLCC contracted management of the two ships to Stephenson, Clarke and Associated Companies,[2] which had managed all of the GLCC fleet since before the First World War. Wartime serviceIn the Second World War, Kriegsmarine E-boats and U-boats attacked British coastal shipping both by torpedo and by minelaying. Most coasters were slow ships built for economy, and thus easy targets. They were therefore organised into convoys, but at first these had few escorts and scant Defensively Equipped Merchant Ship armament. Gasfire sailed in FN and FS series convoys, which stood for "Forth North" and "Forth South". FN convoys assembled off Southend-on-Sea and sailed to Methil on the Firth of Forth; FS convoys did the reverse. From January to October 1940 Gasfire made up to three round trips a month between Beckton and the Tyne, leaving each FN convoy and joining each FS convoy off the Tyne Estuary.[4] Damaged and repairedOn 17 October 1940 Gasfire left Southend with Convoy FN 11. E-boats tended to attack off the coast of East Anglia, in a stretch of sea that British seafarers nicknamed "E-boat Alley". That day {{convert|6|nmi|km}} north north east of Smith's Knoll off Great Yarmouth[5] an E-boat flotilla consisting of S-18, S-24 and S-27 attacked FN 11. S-18 sank the coaster {{SS|Hauxley||2}} and S-24 sank the French ship {{SS|P.L.M. 14||2}}. A torpedo fired by S-27 blew off Gasfires stern, disabling her and killing 11 crew, but she remained afloat. She was beached at Spurn Head at the mouth of the Humber, and then towed north to the River Wear. There her builder, SP Austin, lifted her out of the water on its pontoon,[5] removed the damage and built a new stern onto her. The repair slightly increased each of her tonnages.[3] Final voyage and loss{{location map|England |relief=1 |width= |lat= 52.33 |long= 1.95 |caption=Approximate position of Gasfire{{'}}s wreck }}Gasfire returned to service on 3 May 1941.[5] On 21 June she left Southend for the Tyne, sailing with Convoy EC 36 which would continue around Cape Wrath to Oban. Later that day, {{convert|11|nmi|km}} east of Southwold,[5] she struck a mine and sank. All 26 crew were rescued.[5] A donkeyman (i.e. crewman in charge of a donkey engine) from Gasfires crew, T.A. Umpleby, was awarded the King's Commendation for Brave Conduct and Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea.[6] See also
References1. ^{{cite book |url= http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=38b0604.pdf |year=1938 |title=Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships |location=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register |accessdate=20 December 2013}} {{coord|52.33|1.95|format=dms|display=title}}{{October 1940 shipwrecks}}{{June 1941 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gasfire, SS}}2. ^1 2 {{cite book |url= http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=38b0335.pdf |year=1938 |title=Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships |location=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register |accessdate=20 December 2013}} 3. ^1 {{cite book |url= http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=41b0329.pdf |year=1941 |title=Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships |location=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register |accessdate=20 December 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hague/index.html?search3.php~haguemain |last=Hague |first=Arnold |title=32 convoys found containing Gasfire |work=Convoy Web |publisher=Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb |accessdate=20 December 2013}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url= http://www.searlecanada.org/sunderland/sunderland042.html#gasfire |last=Searle |first=Peter |title=Page 042: Shipbuilders – Page 3 |work=The Sunderland Site |accessdate=20 December 2013}} 6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/30/a8649930.shtml |last=de Neumann |first=Bernard |title=Lloyd’s War Medal for Bravery at Sea (Part Two) |work=WW2 People's War |publisher=BBC |date=19 January 2006 |accessdate=20 December 2013}} 7 : 1936 ships|Maritime incidents in October 1940|Maritime incidents in June 1941|Ships sunk by mines|Steamships of the United Kingdom|Ships built on the River Wear|World War II shipwrecks in the North Sea |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。