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词条 SS Maasdam (1920)
释义

  1. References

  2. Further reading

{{Other uses2|Maasdam}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship name=MaasdamShip owner=Ship country=NetherlandsNetherlands|government}}Ship operator=Ship registry=Ship route=Ship ordered=Ship builder=Ship yard number=Ship original cost=Ship way number=Ship laid down=Ship launched=21 October 1920Ship completed=Ship christened=Ship acquired=1921Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship refit=1934Ship nickname=Ship out of service=Ship identification=Ship fate=Torpedoed June 26, 1941Ship status=Ship note=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship type=Ship tonnage=8,812Ship displacement=466|ft|m}}58|ft|m}}Ship height=Ship draught=Ship draft=Ship depth=Ship decks=Ship deck clearance=Ship ramps=Ship ice class=Ship sail plan=Ship power=Ship propulsion=Ship speed=Ship capacity=Ship crew=*89 (as built)
  • 48 (after refit)
Ship complement=Ship total=Ship notes=
}}
SS Maasdam was a Dutch steam merchant and was the third of five with this name in the Holland America Line. She was originally launched 21 October 1920, with a length of 466, beam of 58 feet and displacement of 8,812. Constructed at Rotterdam, she was originally designed as a combination cargo and passenger vessel. She had a crew of eighty-nine and originally showed two funnels, but only one was functioning. The ship laid up in 1933 and overhauled the next year with the dummy funnel and some passenger cabins removed, and crew size to forty-eight.[1]

On 9 May 1940 she was in port in Liverpool England, awaiting return to the Netherlands when the crew was warned not to return to their home country. The next day the German army invaded the Low Countries. The ship and crew were immediately militarized and Maasdam was chartered to the Ministry of War Transport in London. Maasdam left New York for Halifax on 11 June 1941 with a crew of forty-eight, plus thirty-two passengers, including eleven US Marine Corps personnel and seventeen American Red Cross volunteer nurses. The marines were destined for duty at the US Embassy in London and the nurses were scheduled to serve at the Harvard Hospital. Halifax was a common port from which eastbound convoys formed. Maasdam arrived the evening of 13 June 1941. Assigned to Convoy HX 133, she left 16 June amidst incredibly dense fog that lasted four days, causing several ship collisions.[1]

On 26 June 1941, at 2345 hours GMT U-564 fired multiple torpedoes in rapid succession. The first torpedo struck Maasdam’s port side at the rear of cargo hold no. 2. Immediately following two other ships next to Maasdam were also hit, Malaya II a British freighter loaded with TNT and Norwegian tanker Kongsgaard. She sank in the Atlantic Ocean off Greenland ({{coord|60|00|N|30|35|W}}). Seventy-eight of the Eighty people on board survived and were rescued by Norwegian ship Havprins and former Danish ship Randa.[2][3][1] The two people lost at sea were nurses Maxine Loomis and Ruth Bradley. Ruth traveled to England to work in London at a hospital as a house mother to Red Cross nurses. She was the ex-wife of Colonel Henry S. Breckinridge (Secretary of War under Harry S. Truman), mother of Elizabeth Breckinridge and mother-in-law of John Stephens Graham. Ruth Breckinridge traveled via the SS Maasdam for England where she was to work in London at a hospital as a house mother to Red Cross nurses.[4][5][1]

Prior to being sunk in 1941, Maasdam was in several convoys starting in May 26, 1940 with Convoy FN.181 between Southend and Methil.[6] It was part of other convoys between Halifax and Liverpool, Tyne and Southend and from Liverpool.[7] SS Maasdam collided with the British cargo ship Anthea off the coast of Canada ({{coord|44|48|N|46|37|W}}) and SS Anthea sank.[8]

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|last=Baatenburg|first=David|date=2007|title=SS Maasdam: The Battle of the Atlantic and a Dutch Sailor’s Diary|url=http://www.calvin.edu/hh/origins/Fall07_25_2.pdf|journal=Origins - Historical Magazine of The Archives (Calvin College)|volume=XXV|pages=4–11|via=}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/hx133.html|title=Convoy HX 133 - warsailors.com|website=www.warsailors.com|access-date=2017-07-23}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ww2timelines.com/batlantic/bat41/bat0641.htm|title=June 1941 events of the Battle of the Atlantic|website=ww2timelines.com|access-date=2017-07-23}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4106-33JUN02.htm|title=NAVAL EVENTS, June 1941, Part 2 of 2, Sunday 15th – Monday 30th|publisher=Naval History|accessdate=13 December 2011}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1014.html|title=Maasdam|publisher=Uboat|accessdate=8 April 2012}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/fn/index.html?fn.php?convoy=0181!~fnmain|title=Convoy FN 181|publisher=convoyweb.org.uk|accessdate=30 December 2013}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?home.php~armain|title=Maasdam Ship Movements|publisher=convoyweb.org.uk|accessdate=30 December 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?32186|title=SS Anthea (+1940)|publisher=Wrecksite|accessdate=3 November 2011}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book | url=http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/ship.php?ship_id=59033&name=Maasdam | title=Maasdam (1921) ship data | publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data }}
{{Holland America Ships}}{{June 1941 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Maasdam (1921)}}

9 : 1920 ships|Ships built at Maatschappij voor scheeps- en werktuigbouw Fijenoord, Rotterdam|Cargo liners|Steamships of the Netherlands|Ships of the Holland America Line|World War II merchant ships of the Netherlands|Maritime incidents in June 1941|Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
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