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词条 SS Orteric (1910)
释义

  1. Description

  2. Immigrant ship

  3. Sinking during World War I

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}{{Use British English|date=December 2017}}
infobox caption=SS Orteric
}}{{Infobox ship image		Ship image=SS Orteric postcard circa 1911.jpgShip caption=Photo of SS Orteric c.1911-1913
from an old ship postcard.
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=UKUnited Kingdom|civil}}Ship name=SS OrtericShip namesake=Ship owner=Andrew Weir & Co., GlasgowShip operator=Bank Line, Inver Transport & TradingShip registry=Ship route=Ship builder=*Russell & Co., Port Glasgow
  • engine by Rankin & Blackmore
Ship yard number=607Ship launched=19 December 1910Ship christened=Ship completed=Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=1910-1915Ship renamed=Ship refit=Ship homeport=Ship fate=*Torpedoed & sunk 9 December 1915
  • by German U-boat SM U-39
  • {{Coord|32.30|N|25.30|E}}
Ship notes=Brought Spanish & Portuguese immigrants on 13 April 1911 to Hawaii
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=cargo steamshipShip type=Ship tonnage=6,535 gross tons460|ft|m|1}}57|ft|m|1}}Ship propulsion=*triple expansion engine
  • by Rankin & Blackmore of Greenock
Ship sail plan=Ship speed=13 knotsShip capacity=Ship notes=
}}

SS Orteric is a Clyde-built British cargo ship that on 13 April 1911 brought 960 Spanish and 565 Portuguese immigrants to Hawaii to work on the sugar plantations. The ship was subsequently torpedoed and sunk in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea by a German U-boat during the First World War.

Description

The SS Orteric was built by Russell & Company of Port Glasgow in the Firth of Clyde shipyards as a 6,535 gross tons cargo ship that was {{convert|460|ft|m|1}} long with a beam of {{convert|57|ft|m|1}}, and a triple expansion engine built by Rankin and Blackmore of Greenock that gave her a cruising speed of 13 knots. The ship was launched on 19 December 1910 by owner Andrew Weir of Glasgow for cargo and passenger service in his various transport companies, including the Bank Line, Inver Transport & Trading Co.[2]

Immigrant ship

The Orteric is historically significant because on one of her early voyages in 1911 she brought 960 Spanish and 565 Portuguese immigrants to Hawaii to work as contract labor in the sugar cane plantations. This made her the last ship to participate in the Portuguese immigration to Hawaii of 1878-1911, and the second ship to participate in the Spanish immigration that followed. The Spanish immigrants, who were mostly from the area of Seville, boarded the ship at Gibraltar, and the Portuguese boarded at Oporto and Lisbon, Portugal. They left Gibraltar on 24 February 1911 and arrived on 12 April 1911 in Hawaii after 48 days at sea. Hawaiian newspapers reported that the two groups argued and fought with each other during the long voyage, "so much so that they had to be separated. The women . . . went as far as hair pulling." There was also an outbreak of measles during the voyage that resulted in 58 deaths, most of them children.[3][4]

Sinking during World War I

Orteric made several voyages across the Atlantic until she was torpedoed and sunk by German U-boat SM U-39 on 9 December 1915 in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea about 140 miles southeast of the island of Gavdos.[2][6] The ship was hauling 10,000 tons of sodium nitrate from Antofagasta, Chile, to Alexandria, Egypt when the submarine was spotted. The captain of Orteric tried evasive maneuvers, but the U-boat was commanded by Captain Walter Forstmann, one of the most skillful and deadliest U-boat commanders of the war. When it became evident that escape was impossible, a white flag of surrender was hoisted over Orteric, but the U-boat fired torpedoes anyway, sinking the ship, and killing two Chinese sailors on board.[7] Captain Forstmann subsequently detained the lifeboat with the captain of Orteric long enough to force the latter to sign a German document, then set him adrift. A few hours later three lifeboats with the survivors of Orteric were rescued by a British hospital ship.[8]

See also

  • Portuguese immigration to Hawaii
  • Spanish immigration to Hawaii
  • German U-Boat SM U-39
  • List of shipwrecks in December 1915

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=SS Orteric (I) (+1915) |website=The Wreck Site (online database) |url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?154281 |accessdate=9 November 2013}}
2. ^1 {{cite news |title=Orteric |newspaper=Pacific Commercial Advertiser (newspaper) |location=Honolulu Hawaii |date=14 April 1911 |url=http://www.yourislandroutes.com/ships/orteric.shtml |accessdate=5 November 2013}} Extracted from State of Hawaii Library microfilm, State of Hawaii Archives.
3. ^1 {{cite news |title=Orteric arrives with many laborers |newspaper=The Hawaiian Gazette |date=14 April 1911 |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |pages=1, 8 |url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1911-04-14/ed-1/seq-1/}}
4. ^1 {{cite Uboat.net|id=4592|name=Orteric|type=1ship|accessdate=9 November 2013}}
5. ^1 {{cite news |title=Torpedoed liner Orteric - typical submarine atrocity |newspaper=Evening Post |location=New Zealand |date=25 January 1916 |volume=CXI |issue=20 |page=7 |url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19160125.2.58.17 |accessdate=10 November 2013}}
6. ^1 {{cite news |title=Forced on U-boat to sign a paper |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 February 1916 |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/02/20/100336382.pdf |accessdate=9 November 2013}}
[1][2][3][4]

[5][6]}}

{{December 1915 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Orteric, SS}}

8 : 1910 ships|Victorian-era passenger ships|Victorian-era passenger ships of the United Kingdom|Steamships of the United Kingdom|Ships built on the River Clyde|Maritime incidents in 1915|Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I|World War I shipwrecks in the Mediterranean
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