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词条 SS San Wilfrido (1914)
释义

  1. Description

  2. History

      Sinking  

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

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Ship image =Ship caption =
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header =Ship name = SS San WilfridoShip namesake =Ship owner = Eagle Oil & Shipping Co. Ltd.Ship operator = Eagle Oil & Shipping Co. Ltd.United Kingdom|civil}} LondonShip route =Ship ordered =Ship builder = Armstrong, Whitworth & Co Ltd.Ship original cost =Ship yard number = 856Ship way number =Ship laid down =Ship launched = 11 February 1914Ship completed = April 1914Ship commissioned =Ship decommissioned =Ship christened =Ship acquired =Ship maiden voyage =Ship in service =Ship out of service =Ship identification = United Kingdom Official Number 136658[1]Ship fate = Sunk on 3 August 1914Ship status =Ship notes =
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header =Header caption =Ship class = Tanker6,458}}
  • {{NRT|3,928}}
Ship displacement =420|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}}54|ft|7|in|m|2|abbr=on}}Ship height =Ship draught =32|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}Ship decks =Ship deck clearance =Ship ice class =Ship power = Quadruple expansion steam engine, 554 nhp[1]Ship propulsion = 1x Screw propeller[1]10|kn|km/h}}[1]Ship capacity =Ship crew =Ship notes =Ship armament =
}}

SS San Wilfrido was a {{GRT|6458|link=off}} steam-powered British tanker which was built in 1914 by Armstrong, Whitworth & Co Ltd, in the Low Walker yard. The ship was operated by Eagle Oil Transport Co Ltd. San Wilfrido was sunk by a German mine on 3 August 1914—one day before Britain formally entered the First World War. It was Britain's first naval loss of the war.

Description

The ship was built by Armstrong, Whitworth & Co Ltd, Low Walker, as yard number 856. She was launched on 11{{nbsp}}February 1914 and completed in April 1914.[2] Her sister ships were {{SS|San Valerio}}, {{SS|San Urbano}} and {{SS|San Zeferino}}.[1]

She was {{convert|420|ft|3|in|m}} long, with a beam of {{convert|54|ft|7|in|m}} and a depth of {{convert|32|ft|6|in|m}}. She had a GRT of 6,458 and a NRT of 3,928.[2]

The ship was propelled by a quadruple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of {{convert|24|in|m}}, {{convert|35|in|m}}, {{convert|50.5|in|m}} and {{convert|73|in|m}} diameter by {{convert|51|in|m}} stroke. The engine was built by Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Co Ltd, Wallsend.[2]

History

After her commission, San Wilfrido made trips with usually 8000 tonnes of oil out of her tonnage of 9000.[3] The ship was sunk after just four months after her completion.

Sinking

On 3 August 1914 San Wilfrido was sailing from Hamburg to Portland in ballast with no cargo. The trip was expected to take two and a half days after which the ship would depart for New Orleans.[2][3]

While navigating the Elbe about eight miles above Brunsbuttel she was given permission to proceed until Cuxhaven at the mouth of the North Sea. There was no pilot ship available to take her through the minefield at Cuxhaven so she attempted to proceed on her own along the usual channel. Tugboat men of the harbour tried to warn San Wilfrido's master about the danger by shouting. The master then tried to evade the mines by attempting to go full speed astern. However, at approximately four p.m.,[3] a strong ebb tide carried San Wilfrido into the mines. Three explosions followed and crippled the ship making it the first British naval loss of the war. A German tug took the crew away and made them prisoners.[4]

The British Consul-General in Antwerp was informed and he in turn notified the Admiralty. The information was passed on to Lloyd's of London.[3] When the news of the ship's sinking arrived to Britain four days later, on 7 August, Britain was already at war with Germany.[5]

The 44-strong crew were men mostly from Tyne, with three or four believed to be from London. The ship was captained by Captain C. H. Williams of Cardiff.[3] The imprisoned crew had to survive on raw herring for two days until they were interned at Ruhleben prisoner of war camp.[6] Ben Baxter, a wireless operator of San Wilfrido made a miniature model of the ship while interned and submitted it to the Ruhleben Exhibition at the Central Hall of Westminster after the war. The model is now in the collections of the Imperial War Museum in London.[7]

The wreck was removed from Cuxhaven in September 1920.[8]

Eagle Oil and Shipping Company renamed a ship they had acquired in 1946 as {{SS|Empire Cobbett}} to San Wilfrido in honour of the original ship.[9]

See also

{{Portal|Nautical|World War I}}
  • List of shipwrecks in August 1914
  • {{SS|Glitra}}, the first British merchant ship to be sunk after war had been declared.

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?17882|title=D/S San Wilfrido (+1914)|website=The Wrecksite|date=29 September 2013|accessdate=17 August 2014}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/S-Ships/sanwilfrido1914.html|title= San Wilfrido 1914|website= TYNE BUILT SHIPS. A history of Tyne shipbuilders and the ships that they built|accessdate= 17 August 2014}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|date=8 August 1914|title=More Mines. London Steamer Destroyed|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/11019813/Daily-Telegraph-August-8-1914.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808154127/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/11019813/Daily-Telegraph-August-8-1914.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London |page=6 |archive-date= 8 August 2014| accessdate=17 August 2014}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Hurd|first=Archibald|date=1921|title= HISTORY OF THE GREAT WAR — THE MERCHANT NAVY, Volume 1, 1914 to Spring 1915 (Part 1 of 2)|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Book-MN1a.htm|location=London|publisher=John Murray|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126162626/http://naval-history.net/WW1Book-MN1a.htm|archive-date=26 November 2013|accessdate=17 August 2014}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Fayne|first=Charles Ernest|date=1920|title= History of the Great War. Seaborne Trade. Vol 1.|url=https://archive.org/details/seabornetrade01fayluoft|location=London|publisher=John Murray|page=56|accessdate=17 August 2014}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://ruhleben.tripod.com/id6.html |title=Prisoners E — F |last=Patton |first=Chris | date=29 January 2013|website=THE RUHLEBEN STORY |publisher=Scotland's Greatest Story|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426095530/http://ruhleben.tripod.com/id6.html|archive-date=26 April 2014 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://ruhleben.tripod.com/id4.html |title=Prisoners A — B |last=Patton |first=Chris | date=29 January 2013|website=THE RUHLEBEN STORY |publisher=Scotland's Greatest Story|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020045244/http://ruhleben.tripod.com/id4.html|archive-date=20 October 2013 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritishBVLSMN1408.htm |title=World War 1 at Sea. BRITISH MERCHANT and FISHING VESSELS LOST and DAMAGED, AUGUST to DECEMBER 1914 |last=Smith|first=Gordon| date=1 August 2014|website=Naval-History.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810122148/http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritishBVLSMN1408.htm|archive-date=10 August 2014 |accessdate=17 August 2014}}
9. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=45a1288.pdf|title=1945-46 LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS S|publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data|accessdate=17 August 2014}}

External links

  • [https://greatwarliveslost.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/san-wilfrido.jpg Photo of SS San Zeferino], her sister ship
{{August 1914 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:San Wilfrido}}

10 : 1914 ships|Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth|Maritime incidents in 1914|Ships sunk by mines|Ships sunk with no fatalities|World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea|Steamships of the United Kingdom|Tankers of the United Kingdom|World War I merchant ships of the United Kingdom|Ships built on the River Tyne
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