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词条 SS Vigrid
释义

  1. Construction

  2. First World War

     Sinking  Aftermath 

  3. References

     Notes  Citations 

  4. Bibliography

{{About|the Norwegian First World War cargo ship||Vigrid (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=NorwayNorway}}Ship name=VigridShip namesake=Vígríðr - the large field foretold to host a battle between the forces of the Norse gods and the forces of the jötunn Surtr as part of the events of Ragnarök.Ship renamed=Ship owner=*Anton Barth von der Lippe (1915–1917)
  • D/S A/S Vigrid (1917)
Ship operator=Ship registry=*Tønsberg (1915–1917)
  • Bergen (1917)
Ship route=Ship ordered=Ship builder=Bergens Mekaniske Verksted in Bergen, NorwayShip original cost=Ship yard number=191Ship way number=Ship laid down=Ship launched=29 October 1915Ship completed=Ship christened=Ship acquired=Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship identification=*Code letters:
  • MLRT
  • {{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|Lima}}{{ICS|Romeo}}{{ICS|Tango}}
Ship fate=Torpedoed and sunk by the German U-boat U-95 on 31 December 1917Ship status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Ship type=Cargo shipShip tonnage=*1,617 gross register tonnes
  • (951 net register tonnes)
Ship displacement=74.5|m|ftabbr=on}11.5|m|ftabbr=on}Ship height=15.8|ft|mabbr=on}Ship draft=Ship depth=Ship decks=Ship deck clearance=Ship ramps=Ship ice class=Ship sail plan=Ship power=885 ihpShip propulsion=Triple-expansion steam engineShip speed=Ship capacity=Ship crew=Ship notes=
}}

SS Vigrid was a Norwegian steam powered cargo ship built in 1915. Sailing during the First World War, she was torpedoed and sunk without warning by a German U-boat on 31 December 1917.

Construction

A 1,617 gross register tonnes (951 net register tonnes) vessel, she was built by the shipyard Bergens Mekaniske Verksted in the Western Norwegian port city of Bergen. Having yard number 191, she was launched on 29 October 1915 and completed the next month.[1][2] Vigrid was powered by a single triple-expansion 885 ihp steam turbine engine. She measured {{convert|74.5|m|ft}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|11.5|m|ft}} and a draught of {{convert|15.8|ft|m}}. After completion she was assigned the code letters MLRT.[2][3]

First World War

Vigrid sailed during the First World War, with H.M. Jensen as her captain. She belonged to the company of ship-broker Anton Barth von der Lippe in the port city Tønsberg, until she was bought by ship-broker Johan Waage's company D/S A/S Vigrid of Bergen in August 1917.[1][4]{{#tag:ref|Anton Barth von der Lippe would later acquire another ship of the same name, MS Vigrid. She was built by the German shipyard Deutsche Werft in Hamburg as MS Titania, before being bought by the shipping company Bruun & von der Lippes Rederi in 1937 and renamed Vigrid. She was sold later in 1937, and sunk as part of the Second World War convoy HX-133 in 1941.[5]|group=Note}}

Although Norway remained officially neutral throughout the First World War, her large fleet of merchant ships, over 2,000 strong, served a vital role in keeping the United Kingdom with supplies. The Norwegian merchant navy suffered heavy losses to German U-boats during the war, losing close to half its ships, with an official death toll of 1,892 sailors.{{sfn|Hermansen|2008|pp=109–111, 117}}{{sfn|Derry|1952|p=5}}

Sinking

{{See also|U-boat Campaign (World War I)}}

On 31 December 1917 she was attacked and torpedoed without warning by the German U-boat {{SMU|U-95||2}}, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Athalwin Prinz. U-95 belonged to the German 4th U-boat Flotilla. Vigrid sank in the English Channel some {{convert|10|nmi|km}} west-north-west of Rundelstone Buoy, at {{Coord|50|03||N|05|55||W|display=inline,title}}. At the time of her sinking, she was en route from the port of Barry in Wales to Rouen in France with a cargo of 2,102 tons of coal.[3][4][6] Five members of the crew were lost, while the captain and thirteen other crewmen survived the loss of the ship and landed at Penzance in Cornwall. Three of the sailors lost on Vigrid were Swedish citizens, the other two Norwegians.[1][4]

Aftermath

On 16 January 1918, 16 days after sinking Vigrid, U-95 was lost with all 36 crew members to unknown causes near Hardelot in France. Before being lost, U-95 had managed to sink a total of 14 ships and damage another three vessels during the course of the six patrols she carried out in her career.[6]

References

Notes

1. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Bergensdamperen "Vigrid" sænket nytaarsaften |date=2 January 1918 |work=Aftenposten Aften |page=1 |language=Norwegian}}
2. ^1 {{csr|register=MSI|id=5603975|shipname=Vigrid |accessdate=6 June 2011}}
3. ^1 {{Cite web |last=Tandberg |first=Arne |title=Norske skipsforlis i 1917 |url=http://www.skipet.no/skipsforlis/forlislister/1917.doc |format=.doc |publisher=Norwegian Shipping History Society |accessdate=6 June 2011 |language=Norwegian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727163601/http://www.skipet.no/skipsforlis/forlislister/1917.doc |archivedate=27 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
4. ^1 2 {{Cite Uboat.net|name=Steamer Vigrid|id=6334|type=1ship|accessdate=6 June 2011}}
5. ^{{cite web|first=Siri Holm |last=Lawson |url=http://www.warsailors.com/singleships/vigrid.html |title=M/S Vigrid |date=28 January 2010 |publisher=Warsailors.com |accessdate=3 June 2011}}
6. ^1 {{Cite Uboat.net|name=U 95|id=95|type=1sub|accessdate=7 June 2011}}

Citations

{{Reflist|2}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}
  • {{Cite book| last=Derry| first=T.K. |authorlink=Thomas Kingston Derry | editor-last=Butler| editor-first=J.R.M| editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler| year=1952 | edition=1st | title=The campaign in Norway| series=History of the Second World War: Campaigns Series | location=London | publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office | isbn= |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-NWE-Norway/ |ref={{SfnRef|Derry|1952}}}}
  • {{cite book |title=Hardt Styrbord: Glimt fra norsk sjøkrigshistorie |editor-last=Hermansen |editor-first=Max |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2008 |publisher=Sjømilitære Samfunds forlag |location=Oslo |isbn=978-82-997703-0-9 |url= |accessdate= |language=Norwegian |ref={{SfnRef|Hermansen|2008}}}}
{{refend}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}{{December 1917 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vigrid}}

7 : Ships built in Bergen|Steamships of Norway|World War I merchant ships of Norway|Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I|World War I shipwrecks in the English Channel|1915 ships|Maritime incidents in 1917
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