| 词条 | Badaga language | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Badaga |nativename=படகா/ಬಡಗ |states=India |region=Tamil Nadu, The Nilgiris |ethnicity=Badaga |speakers=133,500 |date=2011 census |ref=[1] |familycolor=Dravidian |fam2=Southern |fam3=Tamil–Kannada |fam4=Kannada–Badaga |iso3=bfq |glotto=bada1257 |glottorefname=Badaga |script=Kannada script Tamil script{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} |notice=IPA }}Badaga is a southern Dravidian language spoken by approximately 135,000 people in the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu.[2] It is known for its retroflex vowels. It has similarities with neighbouring Kannada language as Hale Kannada, and has now been identified as an independent language by a French linguistic scholar, Christiane Pilot-Raichoor.[3] The word Badaga, meaning "northerner", refers to the Badaga language as well as the Badaga indigenous people who speak it.[4] PhonologyBadaga has five vowels qualities, {{IPA|/i e a o u/}}, each of which may be long or short and until the 1930s were contrastively half and fully retroflexed, for a total of 30 vowel phonemes.[5] Current speakers only distinguish retroflection for a few vowels.[6]
Note on transcription: rhoticity {{angbr|{{IPA|◌˞}}}} indicates half-retroflexion; doubled {{angbr|{{IPA|◌˞˞}}}} it indicates full retroflexion.
Badaga scriptSeveral attempts were made at constructing an orthography based on English and Kannada. The earliest printed book using Kannada script was a Christian work, "Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka" by Basel Mission Press of Mangaluru in 1890.[8] List of Books in Kannada Script:[9]
The Badaga language is also written in the Tamil script. DictionaryThe Badaga language is well studied and several Badaga-English Dictionaries have been produced since the latter part of the nineteenth century.[10] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2018-07-07}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Steever|first=Sanford B.|title=The Dravidian languages|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1998|pages=6–7|isbn=978-0-415-10023-6}} 3. ^{{cite news | last =Thiagarajan | first =Shantha | title = Badaga language not a dialect of Kannada, claims French linguistic scholar| newspaper =The Times of India | date =4 December 2012 | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-04/coimbatore/35593445_1_badaga-community-nilgiris-language|accessdate=4 February 2013}} 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=a74HA_RX3rIC&pg=PA391|title=A Badada-English Dictionary|page=391|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|isbn=978-3110126778|year=1992|last= Hockings|first=Paul|last2=Pilot-Raichoor|first2=Christiane}} 5. ^Emenau (1931) reports no tokens of {{IPA|/i˞˞/}}, but suggests this is an accidental gap. 6. ^{{cite web |title=Badaga |publisher=UCLA Phonetics Lab |url=http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/appendix/languages/badaga/badaga.html |accessdate=9 May 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web |title= Word List for Badaga |publisher=UCLA Phonetics Lab |url=http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/BFQ/bfq_word-list_1992_03.html |accessdate=9 May 2013}} 8. ^http://gospelgo.com/q/Badaga%20Bible%20-%20Gospel%20of%20Luke.pdf 9. ^https://archive.org/details/kannadabadagakur00brit 10. ^{{cite book |last1=Paul Hockings |first1=Christiane Pilot-Raichoor |title=A Badaga-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a74HA_RX3rIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=badaga+people&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kBwSUbyABM3JrAedzICAAg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=badaga%20people&f=false |accessdate=6 February 2013 |edition=Reprint |volume= |year=1992 |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |location= |language= |isbn= |page= |pages= }} External links{{Incubator|code=bfq}}
3 : Dravidian languages|Endangered diaspora languages|Languages of Tamil Nadu |
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