“Stanisław Kociołek”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Stanisław Kociołek

释义

Career
Notes and references

Stanisław Kociołek (3 May 1933, Warsaw – 1 October 2015), often referred to as the "butcher of Tri-City", was a Communist official who served as deputy prime minister of Poland for six months in 1970. After the fall of Communism, he was charged with crimes committed in Gdańsk and Gdynia during the Polish 1970 protests. Kociołek personally approved the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) order issued with Zenon Kliszko, for the regular Army to fire at striking workers in Polish shipyards, which resulted in hundreds of people being killed indiscriminately.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Career

Initially, Kociołek worked as head-master at an elementary school near Iława following World War II, and in 1957 graduated from Warsaw University. He joined the communist party at his alma mater, and served as leader of its own PZPR party-cell. He quickly rose to become the first secretary of the Warsaw Committee of PZPR (1958–1960 and 1963–1964), as well as the secretary of Socialist Youth Association. Between December 1967 and July 1970 he was the first secretary of communist party in Gdańsk. During the massacre of shipyard workers in 1970 he served as deputy prime minister. Afterwards, he was sent abroad to various diplomatic posts, for his own safety. He was brought back to Warsaw as the first secretary of the Warsaw Committee of PZPR for the crushing of the Solidarity trade union in November 1980, but during the Martial law in Poland resided in Moscow as ambassador (1982-1985). He returned to Poland in 1985, and was charged with communist crimes in 1995, after the collapse of communism. On 1 October 2015, he died at the age of 82.^[4]

Notes and references

1. ^{{pl icon}} Polska. Historia PWN Encyklopedia. Retrieved July 11, 2005.
2. ^The Polish People's Republic. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615172355/http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/longhist6.html |date=2009-06-15 }} Polish Academic Information Center, University at Buffalo. Retrieved on March 14, 2007.
3. ^"Poland." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved on April 7, 2007
4. ^{{cite web|title=Nie żyje Stanisław Kociołek|url=http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/nie-zyje-stanislaw-kociolek/h244gn|publisher=onet.pl|language=Polish}}

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。