“State agencies of Thailand”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

State agencies of Thailand

释义

Constitutional organizations
Agencies under executive regulation
Government agencies State enterprises Public organizations Independent administrative organizations Legal-entity funds Service delivery units
List of state agencies of Thailand
Constitutional organizations Governmental agencies State enterprises Public organizations Independent administrative organizations Service delivery units
References

The state agencies ({{lang-th|หน่วยงานของรัฐ}}) that form Thailand's public sector consist of several types of functioning bodies. While some agencies established by mandate of the constitution are independent, others are directly or indirectly answerable to the executive of the Royal Thai Government. The majority of these are government agencies, which employ the civil service as well as the military. Others include public organizations and state enterprises.

Constitutional organizations

In addition to the constituents of the three branches of government, the (now-repealed) 2007 constitution provided for certain regulatory and advisory bodies. For further details, see Constitutional organizations of Thailand.

Agencies under executive regulation

Government agencies under direct control of the ministries are the oldest type of state agency. They date to the establishment of the modern bureaucracy by King Chulalongkorn in the 19th century, while state enterprises were introduced in the first half of the 20th century.

By the 1990s, the bureaucratic structure of government agencies had become recognized as a source of inefficiency, and administrative reforms begun in 1997 sought to ameliorate the issue by creating new forms of state agencies with greater autonomy and operational flexibility.^[1] Thailand's state agencies now fall into the following types, as classified by the Office of the Public Sector Development Commission:^[2]

Government agencies
State enterprises
Public organizations
New state agency forms
1. Independent administrative organizations
2. Legal-entity funds
3. Service delivery units

Government agencies

Government agencies ({{lang|th|ส่วนราชการ}}) make up the majority of the machinery of government. They serve the basic functions of government, providing administrative public services, and follow the policies of the executive. Their operation is based on the laws and regulations of the civil service and the military.^[2]

Within the central administration, government agencies include the ministries ({{lang|th|กระทรวง}}) and sub-ministries ({{lang|th|ทบวง}}), and their constituent departments ({{lang|th|กรม}}) or equivalent agencies. Within the provincial administration, they include the provinces and their districts. Within the local administration, they include the administrative organizations of local governments, including provincial administration organizations, municipalities and subdistrict administration organizations.

State enterprises

State enterprises ({{lang|th|รัฐวิสาหกิจ}}) provide industrial and commercial public services. They exist both as purpose-established organizations (e.g., the State Railway of Thailand) and limited companies in which the government is the majority shareholder (e.g., Krung Thai Bank PLC).^[2]

Public organizations

Public organizations ({{lang|th|องค์การมหาชน}}), also known as autonomous public organizations, were introduced in 1999. They provide social and cultural public services, and operate under supervision of the government, while maintaining a greater degree of administrative independence.^[2]

Most newer public organizations are established under the Public Organization Act, B.E. 2542 (1999 CE), the first being Banphaeo Hospital in 2000. Others, such as the National Science and Technology Development Agency, are established by respective acts of parliament, and are also referred to as autonomous agencies. Autonomous universities (as opposed to those that function as government agencies) also fall under this category.

Independent administrative organizations

Independent administrative organizations ({{lang|th|หน่วยธุรการขององค์การของรัฐที่เป็นอิสระ}}) serve the operations of regulatory bodies (e.g., the Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission) or other public agencies whose independence is in the public interest (e.g., the Thai Public Broadcasting Service).^[2]

Legal-entity funds

Legal-entity funds ({{lang|th|กองทุนที่เป็นนิติบุคคล}}) are established by acts of parliament to serve certain economic purposes that are of public benefit.^[2]

Service delivery units

Service delivery units ({{lang|th|หน่วยบริการรูปแบบพิเศษ}}) were introduced in 2005. They are service-oriented, quasi-autonomous units operating under government departments, but have a more flexible internal management system. Their services are primarily aimed for their mother agency.^[2]

List of state agencies of Thailand

Constitutional organizations

Independent organizations
#Office of the Election Commission
#Office of the Ombudsman
#Office of the National Anti-Corruption Commission
#Office of the Auditor General
Other organizations
#Office of the Attorney General
#Office of the National Human Rights Commission
#Office of the National Economic and Social Advisory Council

Governmental agencies

Office of the Prime Minister
- Departments:
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Government Public Relations Department
- Office of the Consumer Protection Board
- Departments directly reporting to the prime minister:
- Secretariat of the Prime Minister
- Secretariat of the Cabinet
- National Intelligence Agency
- Bureau of the Budget
- Office of the National Security Council
- Office of the Council of State
- Office of the Civil Service Commission
- Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board
- Office of the Public Sector Development Commission
- Office of the Board of Investment
Ministry of Defence
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Royal Aide-de-Camp Department
- Royal Security Command
- Royal Thai Armed Forces
- Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters
- Royal Thai Army
- Royal Thai Navy
- Royal Thai Air Force
Ministry of Finance
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Treasury Department
- Comptroller General's Department
- Customs Department
- Excise Department
- Revenue Department
- State Enterprise Policy Office
- Public Debt Management Office
- Fiscal Policy Office
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Consular Affairs
- Department of International Cooperation
- Department of Protocol
- Department of European Affairs
- Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation
- Department of International Economic Affairs
- Department of Treaties and Legal Affairs
- Department of Information
- Department of International Organizations
- Department of American and South Pacific Affairs
- Department of ASEAN Affairs
- Department of East Asian Affairs
- Department of South Asian, Middle East and African Affairs
Ministry of Tourism and Sports
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Physical Education
- Department of Tourism
Ministry of Social Development and Human Security
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Social Development and Welfare
- Office of Women's Affairs and Family Development
- National Office for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities
- Office of Welfare Promotion, Protection and Empowerment of Vulnerable Groups
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Rice Department
- Royal Irrigation Department
- Cooperative Auditing Department
- Department of Fisheries
- Department of Livestock Development
- Department of Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation
- Land Development Department
- Department of Agriculture
- Department of Agricultural Extension
- Cooperative Promotion Department
- Queen Sirikit Department of Sericulture
- Agricultural Land Reform Office
- National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards
- Office of Agricultural Economics
Ministry of Transport
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Marine Department
- Department of Land Transport
- Department of Airports
- Department of Highways
- Department of Rural Roads
- Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Pollution Control Department
- Department of Marine and Coastal Resources
- Department of Mineral Resources
- Department of Water Resources
- Department of Groundwater Resources
- Royal Forest Department
- Department of Environment Quality Promotion
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation
- Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning
Ministry of Information and Communication Technology
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Thai Meteorological Department
- National Statistical Office
Ministry of Energy
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Mineral Fuels
- Department of Energy Business
- Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency
- Energy Policy and Planning Office
Ministry of Commerce
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Foreign Trade
- Department of Internal Trade
- Department of Trade Negotiations
- Department of Intellectual Property
- Department of Business Development
- Department of International Trade Promotion
- Trade Policy and Strategy Office
Ministry of Interior
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Provincial Administration
- Community Development Department
- Department of Lands
- Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
- Department of Public Works and Town and Country Planning
- Department of Local Administration
Ministry of Justice
- Office of the Minister
- Departments:
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Probation
- Rights and Liberties Protection Department
- Legal Execution Department
- Department of Juvenile Observation and Protection
- Department of Corrections
- Department of Special Investigation
- Office of Justice Affairs
- Central Institute of Forensic Science
- Departments reporting directly to the minister:
- Office of the Narcotics Control Board
Ministry of Labour
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Employment
- Department of Skill Development
- Department of Labour Protection and Welfare
- Social Security Office
Ministry of Culture
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Religious Affairs Department
- Fine Arts Department
- Department of Cultural Promotion
- Office of Contemporary Art and Culture
Ministry of Science and Technology
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Science Service
- Office of Atoms for Peace
Ministry of Education
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Office of the Education Council
- Office of the Basic Education Commission
- Office of the Higher Education Commission
- Office of the Vocational Education Commission
Ministry of Public Health
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Medical Services
- Department of Disease Control
- Department for Development of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine
- Department of Medical Sciences
- Department of Health Service Support
- Department of Mental Health
- Department of Health
- Food and Drug Administration
Ministry of Industry
- Office of the Minister
- Office of the Permanent Secretary
- Department of Industrial Works
- Department of Industrial Promotion
- Department of Primary Industries and Mines
- Office of the Cane and Sugar Board
- Thai Industrial Standards Institute
- Office of Industrial Economics
Departments independent of ministries:
- Office of His Majesty's Principal Private Secretary
- Bureau of the Royal Household
- National Office of Buddhism
- Office of the Royal Development Projects Board
- Office of the National Research Council of Thailand
- Royal Institute
- Royal Thai Police
- Anti-Money Laundering Office

State enterprises

Public organizations

Public organizations established under the Public Organizations Act

Community Organizations Development Institute
Mahidol Wittayanusorn School
Banphaeo Hospital
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
The Office for National Education Standards and Quality Assessment
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre
The International Institute for Trade and Development
Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau
Agricultural Research Development Agency
The Energy Fund Administration Institute
Designated Areas for Sustainable Tourism Administration
Software Industry Promotion Agency
The SUPPORT Arts and Crafts International Centre of Thailand
The Gem and Jewelry Institute of Thailand
Office of Knowledge Management and Development
Neighbouring Countries Economic Development Cooperation Agency
National Institute of Educational Testing Service
Highland Research and Development Institute
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization
Biodiversity-based Economy Development Office
Synchrotron Light Research Institute
Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute
National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand
Defence Technology Institute
The Golden Jubilee Museum of Agriculture Office
The Healthcare Accreditation Institute
Film Archive
National Innovation Agency
Electronic Government Agency
Electronic Transactions Development Agency
Thailand Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
Thailand Professional Qualification Institute
The Land Bank Administration Institute
Thailand Center of Excellence for Life Sciences
Moral Promotion Center
Thailand Institute of Justice
National Vaccine Institute
Pinkanakorn Development Agency

Public organizations established under specific acts

National Science and Technology Development Agency
The Thailand Research Fund
Health Systems Research Institute
National Institute of Metrology
Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology
Office of Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion
Thai Health Promotion Foundation
National Health Security Office
Secretariat Office of the Teachers Council of Thailand
Office of the Welfare Promotion Commission for Teachers and Education Personnel
National Village and Urban Community Fund Office
National Health Commission Office
Thailand Arbitration Center
National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office
National Institute for Emergency Medicine

Independent administrative organizations

Bank of Thailand
Office of the Securities and Exchange Commission
Office of Insurance Commission
Office of the Energy Regulatory Commission
Thai Public Broadcasting Service
Deposit Protection Agency
Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission
The Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand
Office of Trade Competition Commission (OTCC)^[3]

Service delivery units

Institute for Good Governance Promotion
Cabinet and Royal Gazette Publishing Office

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Berman|first1=Evan M.|title=Public Administration in Southeast Asia: Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Macao|date=2010|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781420064773|pages=99–102}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite book|author1=Office of the Public Sector Development Commission|title=การจัดการโครงสร้างหน่วยงานของรัฐในกำกับของฝ่ายบริหาร|isbn=978-974-499-754-8|pages=14–32|url=http://www.opdc.go.th/uploads/files/manual%202552/book_organization_1-60.pdf}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=OTCC, Ministry of Commerce|url=http://otcc.dit.go.th/?lang=en|website=Office of Trade Competition Commission|accessdate=24 April 2018}}

3 : Government of Thailand|State agencies of Thailand|Lists of government agencies by country

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。