| 词条 | Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square |
| 释义 |
| image = | title = Winston Churchill | artist = Ivor Roberts-Jones | year = {{date and age|1973}} | type = Bronze sculpture | city = London, {{postcode|SW|1}} United Kingdom | museum = | italic title = no }} The statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, London, is a bronze sculpture of the former British prime minister Winston Churchill, created by Ivor Roberts-Jones. It is located on a spot referred to in the 1950s by Churchill as "where my statue will go". It was unveiled by his widow Baroness Clementine Spencer-Churchill in 1973, at a ceremony attended by the serving Prime Minister and four former Prime Ministers, while Queen Elizabeth II gave a speech. The statue is one of twelve on or around Parliament Square, most of well-known statesmen. DescriptionThe statue is {{convert|12|ft|m}} high and is made of bronze. It was sculpted by Ivor Roberts-Jones and is located on the main green of Parliament Square, opposite the Palace of Westminster.[1] It shows Winston Churchill standing with his hand resting on his walking stick and wearing a military greatcoat. The plinth is {{convert|8|ft|m}} high with "Churchill" inscribed on it in large capital letters.[2] A proposal to insert pins standing out of the statue's head was turned down in the 1970s – the pins were intended to stop wild birds from sitting on its head.[2] The Churchill Statue Committee had concerns during the statue's development process that it looked "a little too much" like the Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini. Whilst the head was still only cast in plaster, a report on it stated that, "At the moment the head is undoubtedly like Churchill, but perhaps not quite right of him at the pinnacle of his career. The cheeks, the eyes, the forehead and the top of the head require improvement. I told Mr. Roberts-Jones that above the eyes I thought I was looking at Mussolini."[2] Roberts-Jones agreed to modify the sculpture to reduce the dome of the head in order to lower the forehead.[2] HistoryIn the 1950s, David Eccles, then Minister of Works, showed Churchill plans for the redevelopment of Parliament Square. Churchill drew a circle in the north-east corner and declared: "That is where my statue will go."[2] The statue that was eventually installed was first suggested by John Tilney, Member of Parliament for Liverpool Wavertree, in a parliamentary question in 1968.[2] Initial estimates by the sponsors of the Winston Churchill Statue Appeal put the cost of the statue at £30,000. The sponsors of the appeal included Edward Heath, Lord Mountbatten, Lord Portal, and Baroness Elliot.[3] The sum of £32,000 was raised by 4,500 individuals who are listed in a book which was deposited in the library at Chartwell on Churchill's birthday, 30 November 1973.[2] The statue was unveiled on 1 November 1973 by Clementine, Baroness Spencer-Churchill, Winston Churchill's widow. Queen Elizabeth II had declined to unveil the statue herself, indicating that she thought it right that Lady Spencer-Churchill should do so, although the Queen did attend the ceremony, and gave a speech in which she mentioned that Churchill had turned down a dukedom because he wanted to spend his remaining years in the House of Commons.[2] Union Flags covered the statue, which were removed as a cord was pulled.[4] Others present at the unveiling included The Queen Mother, members of the Churchill family across four generations, Edward Heath (then Prime Minister), and four former Prime Ministers. The Band of the Royal Marines played several of Churchill's favourite pieces of music.[4] The statue has been defaced on a number of occasions during protests held in Parliament Square. In 2000, at the May Day protest the statue was sprayed with red paint to give the appearance of blood dripping from its mouth[5] and a strip of grass was placed on top of the head, giving the appearance of a mohican or punk rocker hairstyle.[6] During the 2010 student protests the statue was defaced with graffiti and urinated on.[7] In 2008, the statue was grade II listed.[8] Replicas and related statuesA replica of the Parliament Square Statue was unveiled in 1999 in Winston Churchill Square in Prague, Czech Republic, outside the University of Economics in the Žižkov area.[9][10] It was moulded from the original on site, then cast in bronze. Another replica stands beside Churchill House, at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. There are also variant statues of Churchill by Ivor Roberts-Jones on Solli plass in the "English Quarter" of Oslo, Norway; and in British Place, New Orleans, USA.[9] All were cast in London by Meridian Sculpture Foundry. See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Rasor|first=Eugene|title=Winston S. Churchill, 1874–1965 : a comprehensive historiography and annotated bibliography|year=2000|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Connecticut|isbn=978-0-313-30546-7|page=300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6PpNUK5u1lkC&pg=PA300&lpg=PA300&dq=statue+of+winston+churchill+london+Ivor+Roberts-Jones&source=bl&ots=g-xaGMQ_Mr&sig=CAk0tMRPFLjNGz1pYCggLvBQ42Q&hl=en&ei=ho97TsmuJqmw0QXaoMSjAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q=statue%20of%20winston%20churchill%20london%20Ivor%20Roberts-Jones&f=false}} 2. ^1 {{cite news|title=Winston Churchill's statue 'had a look of Mussolini'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1450683/Winston-Churchills-statue-had-a-look-of-Mussolini.html|accessdate=22 September 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=1 January 2004}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=A Churchill Statue in London|newspaper=The Times|date=27 February 1970}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news|last=Howard|first=Philip|title=Resolute and defiant as ever, Churchill's statue is revealed|newspaper=The Times|date=2 November 1973}} 5. ^{{cite news|last=Gillian|first=Audrey|title=Ex-soldier admits defacing statue of Churchill|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/may/08/mayday.world|accessdate=22 September 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=8 May 2000}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Violence at May Day protest|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/732467.stm|accessdate=22 September 2011|newspaper=BBC News|date=1 May 2000}} 7. ^{{cite news|last=Harris|first=Paul|title=Defacing the Cenotaph, urinating on Churchill... how young thugs at student protest broke every taboo|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1337315/TUITION-FEES-VOTE-PROTEST-Thugs-deface-Cenotaph-urinate-Churchill.html|accessdate=22 September 2011|newspaper=The Daily Mail|date=10 December 2010}} 8. ^{{NHLE |num=1392374 |desc=Statue of Sir Winston Churchill, Parliament Square |accessdate=29 September 2011}} 9. ^1 {{cite book |first=Sara |last=Ayres |chapter=Ivor Roberts-Jones' standing bronze portraits of Winston Churchill in Oslo, New Orleans and Prague |editor1-first=Jonathan |editor1-last=Black |editor2-first=Sara |editor2-last=Ayres |title=Abstraction and Reality: the sculpture of Ivor Roberts-Jones |place=London |publisher=Philip Wilson |year=2013 |ISBN=978-1-78130-010-7 |pages=85–104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_aVAgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s }} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://virtualni.praha.eu/squares/the-square-of-winston-churchill.html |publisher=Virtual Prague |title=The Square of Winston Churchill |accessdate=26 August 2015}} Further reading
External links
12 : 1973 sculptures|Bronze sculptures in England|Buildings and structures completed in 1973|Grade II listed statues in the City of Westminster|Grade II listed monuments and memorials|Monuments and memorials in London|Outdoor sculptures in London|Parliament Square|Monuments and memorials to Winston Churchill|Sculptures of men in the United Kingdom|Statues of heads of government|Vandalized works of art in the United Kingdom |
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