词条 | Theon of Alexandria |
释义 |
Theon of Alexandria ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|θ|iː|ə|n|,_|-|ɒ|n}}; {{lang-grc|Θέων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς}}; {{circa|lk=no|AD}} 335 – c. 405) was a Greek[1] scholar and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Egypt. He edited and arranged Euclid's Elements and wrote commentaries on works by Euclid and Ptolemy. His daughter Hypatia also won fame as a mathematician. LifeLittle is known about the life of Theon. He made predictions and observances of solar and lunar eclipses in 364 which show he was active at that time, and he is said to have lived during the reign of Theodosius I (379–395).[1] The biographical tradition of the tenth century Byzantine Suda defines Theon as "the man from the Mouseion";[2] however, both the Library of Alexandria and the original Mouseion were probably destroyed by the fourth century, although there may have been a new Mouseion established on a different site,[3] perhaps at the Serapeum of Alexandria. Theon was the father of the mathematician Hypatia who was killed by a Christian mob in 415 during a period of religious and sectarian conflict.[4] Theon dedicated his commentary on the Almagest to a boy named Epiphanius, who may have been his son.[5] Also, in his commentary on the Almagest he states that his daughter Hypatia contributed to Book III of the Almagest stating "the edition having been prepared by the philosopher, my daughter Hypatia."[6] A lunar crater, Theon Junior, now bears Theon's name. WorksEdited worksIt is known that Theon edited the Elements of Euclid. He may also have edited some other works by Euclid and Ptolemy, although here the evidence is less certain. The editions ascribed to Theon are:
CommentariesOf his commentaries, those which are extant are:
Original works
Among Theon's lost works, the Suda mentions On Signs and Observation of Birds and the Sound of Crows; On the Rising of the Dog[-Star]; and On the Inundation of the Nile.[2] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{MacTutor Biography|id=Theon}} 2. ^1 Suda, Theon θ205 3. ^Edward Jay Watts, (2008), City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, page 150. University of California Press 4. ^Edward Jay Watts, (2006), [https://books.google.com/books?id=0j94OFipg2MC&printsec=frontcover&hl=pt-BR&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria. "Hypatia and pagan philosophical culture in the later fourth century"], pages 197–198. University of California Press 5. ^Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Theon" 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Commentaires de Pappus et de Théon d'Alexandrie sur l'Almageste. Tome III|last=Rome|first=Adolphe|publisher=Vatican|year=1931-1943|isbn=|location=Italy|pages=807}} 7. ^Frank J. Swetz, (1994), Learning Activities from the History of Mathematics, page 18 8. ^T L Heath, (1921), A History of Greek Mathematics, Vol. 1, page 57. Oxford 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofgreekma01heat#page/358/mode/2up/search/358|title=A history of Greek mathematics|author=Thomas Little Heath|year=1921}} 10. ^1 James Evans, (1998), The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy, page 240 and footnote 35. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-509539-1}} 11. ^1 Anne Tihon, "Theon of Alexandria and Ptolemy's Handy Tables" in Noel M. Swerdlow, (1999), Ancient Astronomy and Celestial Divination, page 359. MIT Press. {{ISBN|0262194228}} 12. ^1 Alan Cameron, Jacqueline Long, (1993), Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius, page 45. University of California Press. {{ISBN|0520065506}} 13. ^A. Mark Smith, (1999), Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics, page 16. American Philosophical Society. {{ISBN|0871698935}} 14. ^1 2 3 John M. McMahon, "Theon of Alexandria" entry in Virginia Trimble, Thomas Williams, Katherine Bracher (2007), Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, pages 1133-4. Springer 15. ^1 James Evans, (1998), The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy, page 276. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-509539-1}} 16. ^Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Theon" 17. ^James Evans, (1998), The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy, page 156. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-509539-1}} 18. ^1 James Evans, (1998), The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy, page 90. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-509539-1}} Further reading
External links
17 : 335 births|405 deaths|4th-century Greek people|5th-century Greek people|4th-century Romans|5th-century Romans|4th-century Byzantine scientists|5th-century Byzantine scientists|Greek science writers|Ancient Greek writers|Ancient Greek astronomers|Ancient Greek mathematicians|Roman-era librarians of Alexandria|Hypatia|4th-century mathematicians|5th-century mathematicians|Byzantine astronomers |
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