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词条 The Open Championship
释义

  1. History

     Early tournament years (1860–1870)  The introduction of course rotation and the Claret Jug (1872–1889)  English hosts and winners, and the Great Triumvirate (1890–1914)  American success with Walter Hagen and Bobby Jones, and the last Open at Preswick (1920–1939)  Bobby Locke, Peter Thomson and Ben Hogan's Triple Crown (1946–1958)  Player, Palmer, Nicklaus - The Big Three (1959–1974)  Tom Watson, Seve, and Faldo (1975–1993)  Tiger Woods and the modern era (1994 onwards) 

  2. Traditions

     Links golf course  Old Course at St Andrews   Trophy presentation  

  3. Name

  4. Status

  5. Structure

     Qualifying  Format 

  6. Prizes

     Champion's prizes and benefits  Other prizes and benefits, based upon finishing position  Amateur medals  Professional Golfers' Association (of Great Britain and Ireland) awards 

  7. Courses

     Overview  Hosting record of each course  Future venues 

  8. Records

  9. Champions

  10. Silver Medal winners

  11. Broadcasting

     United Kingdom  United States   TheOpen.com    Rest of the World  

  12. Notes and references

  13. External links

{{redirect2|British Open|The Open||British Open (disambiguation)|and|The Open (disambiguation)}}{{Use British English|date=April 2012}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}{{Infobox golf tournament
| name = The Open Championship
| image = Logo of The Open Championship.png
| image_size = 250
| location = United Kingdom, varies
| establishment = {{start date|1860|10|17|df=y}}
{{Years or months ago|1860}}
| org = The R&A
| course = Royal Portrush Golf Club
Dunluce Course
County Antrim, Northern Ireland (in 2019)
| par = 71 (in 2019)
| yardage = {{convert|7,337|yd|abbr=on}}
(in 2018)
| tour = European Tour
PGA Tour
Japan Golf Tour
| format = Stroke play
| purse = $10.5 million (in 2018)
| month_played = July
| aggregate = 264* Henrik Stenson (2016)
*record for all majors
| to-par = −20* Henrik Stenson (2016)
*equals record for all majors
| current_champion = {{flagicon|ITA}} Francesco Molinari
| current = 2018 Open Championship
}}

The Open Championship, often referred to as The Open or the British Open, is an annual golf tournament conducted by The R&A. It is one of the four major championships in professional golf, and is the oldest of the four. The Open is traditionally played in mid-July; beginning 2019, with the rescheduling of the PGA Championship to May, the tournament will be the final major of the golf season.

It was first played in 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club in Scotland. The Open has always been held in the United Kingdom and is the only major played outside the United States.

The current champion is Francesco Molinari, who won the 147th Open at Carnoustie in 2018 with a score of 276. The 2019 Open Championship will be held at Royal Portrush Golf Club in Northern Ireland. It was held at Portrush in 1951, the only occasion that it has not been held in Scotland or England.

History

Early tournament years (1860–1870)

The first Open Championship was played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club in Ayrshire, Scotland, over three rounds of the twelve-hole links course.[1] In the mid-19th century golf was played mainly by well-off gentlemen, as hand-crafted clubs and balls were expensive. Professionals made a living from playing for bets, caddying, ball and club making, and instruction. Allan Robertson was the most famous of these pros, and was regarded as the undisputed best golfer between 1843 and his death in 1859.[2][1] James Ogilvie Fairlie of Prestwick Golf Club decided to form a competition in 1860, "to be played for by professional golfers",[3] and to decide who would succeed Robertson as the "Champion Golfer". Blackheath (England), Perth, Bruntsfield (Edinburgh), Musselburgh and St Andrews golf clubs were invited to send up to three of their best players known as a “respectable caddie” to represent each of the clubs.[4] The winner received the Challenge Belt, made from red leather with a silver buckle and worth £25, which came about thanks to being donated by the Earl of Eglinton, a man with a keen interest in medieval pageantry (belts were the type of trophy that might have been competed for in archery or jousting).[5][4] The first rule of the new golf competition was “The party winning the belt shall always leave the belt with the treasurer of the club until he produces a guarantee to the satisfaction of the above committee that the belt shall be safely kept and laid on the table at the next meeting to compete for it until it becomes the property of the winner by being won three times in succession".[6] Eight golfers contested the event, with Willie Park, Sr. winning the championship by 2 shots from Old Tom Morris, and he was declared "The Champion Golfer of the Year".[7][1]

A year later, it became "open" to amateurs as well as professionals. Ten professionals and eight amateurs contested the event, with Old Tom Morris winning the championship by 4 shots from Willie Park, Sr.[8][1] A prize fund (£10) was introduced in 1863 split between 2nd, 3rd and 4th (the winner only received the Challenge Belt). From 1864 onwards a cash prize was also paid to the winner.[9][10] Before this the only financial incentive was scheduling Prestwick's own domestic tournament the same week, this allowed professionals to earn a few days' work caddying for the wealthier gentlemen.[11] Willie Park, Sr. went on to win two more tournaments, and Old Tom Morris three more, before Young Tom Morris won three consecutive titles between 1868 and 1870. The rules stated that he was allowed to keep the belt for achieving this feat. Because no trophy was available, the tournament was not held in 1871.[1]

The introduction of course rotation and the Claret Jug (1872–1889)

On September 11, 1872 agreement was reached between Prestwick, the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers and The Royal and Ancient Golf Club. They decided that each of the three clubs would contribute £10 towards the cost of a new trophy, which was to be a silver claret jug, known officially as The Golf Champion Trophy, and hosting of the Open would be rotated between the three clubs. These decisions were taken too late for the trophy to be presented to the 1872 Open champion, who was once again Young Tom Morris. Instead, he was awarded with a medal inscribed 'The Golf Champion Trophy', although he is the first to be engraved on the Claret Jug as the 1872 winner. Medals have been given to, and kept by the winner ever since.[6] Young Tom Morris sadly died in 1875, aged 24.[12]

The tournament continued dominated and won by Scottish professionals, to be rotated between the three Scottish golf courses, and played over 36 holes in a single day until 1889.[13]

English hosts and winners, and the Great Triumvirate (1890–1914)

In the 1890s, the tournament was won four times by three Englishman (two of whom were amateurs).[14] In 1892 the tournament was played for the first time at the newly built Muirfield, which replaced Musselburgh as the host venue used by the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers.[15] A few years later St George's[16] and Royal Liverpool[17] in England was added to the rotation. From 1892 the tournament was increased in duration to four 18-hole rounds over two days[15] (Prestwick had been extended to an 18-hole course by then[18]).

Between 1898 and 1925 the tournament either had a cut after 36 holes, or a qualifying event,[19] and the largest field was 226 in 1911.[20] The large field meant sometimes the tournament was spread across up to four days.[21] In 1907 Arnaud Massy from France became the first non British winner.[22] Royal Cinque Ports in England became the 6th different Open host course in 1909.[23]

The pre war period is most famous for the Great Triumvirate of Harry Vardon (Jersey), John Henry Taylor (England), and James Braid (Scotland). The trio combined to win The Open Championship 16 times in the 21 tournaments held between 1894 and 1914; Vardon won six times (a record that still stands today) with Braid and Taylor winning five apiece. In the five tournaments in this span the triumvirate did not win, one or more of them finished runner-up. These rivalries enormously increased the public's interest in golf, but the first world war meant another open was not held until 1920, and none of the trio won another open.[24]

American success with Walter Hagen and Bobby Jones, and the last Open at Preswick (1920–1939)

In 1920 the Open returned, and the Royal & Ancient Golf Club became the sole organiser of the Open Championship. In 1926 they standardised the format of the tournament to spread over three days (18 holes on day 1 and 2, and 36 on day 3), and include both qualifying and a cut.[25]

In 1921 eleven U.S.-based players travelled to Scotland financed by a popular subscription called the "British Open Championship Fund", after a campaign by the American magazine Golf Illustrated.[26] Five of these players were actually British born, and had emigrated to America to take advantage of the high demand for club professionals as the popularity of golf grew.[27] A match was played between the Americans and a team of British professionals, which is seen as a forerunner of the Ryder Cup.[28] When the Open was held two weeks later, one of these visitors Jock Hutchison, a naturalised American citizen, won in St Andrews, the town of his birth.[29]

In 1922 Walter Hagen won the first of his four Opens, and become the first American-born winner. The period between 1923 and 1933 saw an American-based player win every year (two were British born), and included three wins by amateur Bobby Jones, and one by Gene Sarazen who had already won top tournaments in the United States. English winners won every year between 1934 and 1939, including two wins by Henry Cotton (he would go on to win a third in 1948).[1]

After overcrowding issues at the 1925 Open at Preswick, it was decided it was no longer suitable for the growing size of the event, being too short, having too many blind shots, and it could not cope with the volume of spectators.[30] The Open's original venue was replaced on the rota with Carnoustie,[31] which hosted for the first time in 1931. Troon hosted for the first time in 1923,[32] and Royal Lytham & St Annes was also added, hosting for the first time in 1926.[33] Prince's hosted its one and only Open in 1932.[34]

Bobby Locke, Peter Thomson and Ben Hogan's Triple Crown (1946–1958)

The Open returned after the war to St Andrews, with a victory for American Sam Snead. Bobby Locke became the first South African winner, winning three times in four years between 1949–1952, and later winning a fourth title in 1957. Having already won the Masters and the U.S. Open earlier in the year, Ben Hogan won in his one and only Open appearance in 1953 to win the "Triple Crown".[1] His achievement was so well regarded he returned to New York City to a ticker-tape parade.[35] Peter Thomson became the first Australian winner, winning four times in five years between 1954–1958, and later winning a fifth title in 1965.[1] After flooding prevented Royal Cinque Ports from hosting, both in 1938 and 1949, it was removed from the rota.[36] The Open was played outside of England and Scotland for the first time in 1951 at Royal Portrush, Northern Ireland.[37]

The period saw many less American entrants, as the PGA Tour had grown to be quite lucrative, and the PGA Championship was often played at the same or similar time paying triple the prize money.[38][39] A larger golf ball was also used in America, which meant they had to adjust for the Open.[40]

Player, Palmer, Nicklaus - The Big Three (1959–1974)

In 1959, a young South African called Gary Player won the first of his three Opens. Only four Americans had entered, but in 1960 Arnold Palmer travelled to Scotland after winning the Masters and U.S. Open, in an attempt to emulate Hogan's 1953 feat of winning all three tournaments in a single year. Although he finished second, to Kel Nagle, he returned and won the Open in 1961 and 1962. Palmer was hugely popular in America, and his victories are likely to have been the first time many Americans would have seen the Open on television. This, along with the growth of trans-Atlantic jet travel, inspired many more Americans to travel in the future.[1]

The period is primarily defined by the competition between Player, Palmer, and Jack Nicklaus. Nicklaus won three times (1966, 1970, 1978) and had a record seven runner-ups. American Lee Trevino also made his mark winning his two Opens back to back in 1971 and 1972.[1] The only British champion in this period was Tony Jacklin,[41] and it is also notable for having the first winner from Argentina, Roberto De Vicenzo.[42]

Tom Watson, Seve, and Faldo (1975–1993)

By 1975 the concept of the modern majors had been firmly established, and the PGA Championship had been moved to August since 1969,[39] so no longer clashed with the Open. This meant the Open had a feel similar to the current tournament, with the leaders after 36 holes going off last (1957 onwards),[43] all players having to use the "bigger ball" (1974 onwards),[44][45][46] play spread over four days (1966 onwards, although the days were Wednesday to Saturday until 1980),[47][48] and a field containing all the world's best players.

American Tom Watson won in 1975. Turnberry hosted for the first time in 1977, and Watson won the Open for the second time, after one of the most celebrated contests in golf history, when his duel with Jack Nicklaus went to the final shot before Watson emerged as the champion. He would go on to win again in 1980, 1982 and 1983, to win 5 times overall,[1] a record only bettered by Harry Vardon, and he became regarded as one of the greatest links golf players of all time.[49]

In 1976, 19-year-old Spaniard Seve Ballesteros gained attention in the golfing world when he finished second.[50] He would go on to win three Opens (1979, 1984, 1988), and was the first continental European to win since Arnaud Massy in 1907. Other multiple winners in this period were Englishman Nick Faldo with three (1987, 1990, 1992), and Australian Greg Norman with two (1986, 1993).[1]

Tiger Woods and the modern era (1994 onwards)

Every year between 1994 and 2004 had a first-time winner.[51] In 1999, the Open at Carnoustie was famously difficult, and Frenchman Jean van de Velde had a three-shot lead teeing off on the final hole. He ended up triple bogeying after finding the Barry Burn, and Scotman Paul Lawrie, ranked 241st in the world, ended up winning in a playoff. He was 10 strokes behind the leader going into the final round, a record for all majors.[52] He was not the only unheralded champion during this span, as 396th-ranked Ben Curtis[53] and 56th-ranked Todd Hamilton[54] won in 2003 and 2004, respectively.

In 2000, Tiger Woods having just won the U.S. Open, became champion by a post-war record 8 strokes,[55] to become the youngest player to win the career Grand Slam at age 24.[1] After winning the 2002 Masters and U.S. Open, he became the latest American to try and emulate Ben Hogan and win the Open in the same year. His bid came to a halt on Saturday with the worst round of his career up to that time, an 81 (+10) in cold, gusty rain.[56] He went on to win again back to back in 2005 and 2006 to bring his total to three wins. Other multiple winners in this era are South African Ernie Els (2002, 2012) and Irishman Pádraig Harrington (2007, 2008).[1][51]

In 2009, 59-year-old Tom Watson led the tournament through 71 holes and needed just a par on the last hole to become the oldest ever winner of a major championship, and also match Harry Vardon's six Opens. Watson bogeyed, setting up a four-hole playoff, which he lost to Stewart Cink.[57] In 2015, Jordan Spieth became another American to arrive having already won the year's Masters and U.S. Open tournaments. He finished tied for fourth as Zach Johnson became champion.[58] Spieth would go on to win the 2017 Open at Royal Birkdale.[51]

American Phil Mickelson won his first Open, and fifth major, in 2013.[51] In 2016, he was involved in an epic duel with Sweden's Henrik Stenson, which many people compared to the 1977 Duel in the Sun between Jack Nicklaus and Tom Watson. Stenson emerged the winner with a record Open (and major) score of 264 (−20), three shots ahead of Mickelson, and 14 shots ahead of third place. Jack Nicklaus shared his thought's on the final round, saying "Phil Mickelson played one of the best rounds I have ever seen played in the Open and Henrik Stenson just played better—he played one of the greatest rounds I have ever seen".[59][60]

The current champion is Italian Francesco Molinari, winner of the 2018 Open at Carnoustie by two shots. Among the chasing pack was a resurgent Tiger Woods who briefly held the lead in a major on the final day for the first time since the Masters in 2012.[61]

Traditions

Links golf course

The Open is always played on a coastal links golf course. Links golf is often described as the "purest" form of golf and keeps a connection with the way the game originated in Scotland in the 15th century. The terrain is open without any trees, and will generally be undulating with a sandy base. The golf courses are often primarily shaped by nature, rather than 'built'. Weather, particularly wind, plays and important role, and although there will be a prevailing onshore breeze, changes in the wind direction and strength over the course of the tournament can mean each round of golf has to be played slightly differently. The courses are also famous for deep pot bunkers, and gorse bushes that make up the "rough". A golfer playing on a links course will often adapt his game so the flight of the ball is lower and so is less impacted by the wind, but this will make distance control more difficult. Also due to the windy conditions the speed of the greens are often slower than a golfer might be used to on the PGA Tour, to avoid the ball being moved by a gust.[62][63]

Old Course at St Andrews

The Old Course at St Andrews is regarded as the oldest golf course in the world, and winning the Open there is often regarded as one of the pinnacles of golf.[64] Given the special status of the Old Course, the Open is generally played there once every five years in the modern era, much more frequently than the other courses used for the Open.[85] Previous champions will often choose St Andrews as their final Open tournament. It has become traditional to come down the 18th fairway to huge applause from the amphitheatre crowds, and to pose for final pictures on the Swilken Bridge with the picturesque clubhouse and town in the background.[65]

Trophy presentation

The Open trophy is the Claret Jug, which has been presented to the champion since 1873. The trophy always has the winners name already engraved on it when presented, which often results in television commentators speculating as to when it is safe for the engraver to start.[66] The winner of the Open is announced as "The Champion Golfer of the Year", a title which has been used since the first Open in 1860. He will nearly always pose for photos with the trophy sitting on one of the distinctive pot bunkers.[67]

Name

The first event was held as an invitational tournament, but the next year Prestwick Golf Club responded to pleas from outsiders and unanimously resolved that "the belt... on all future occasions, shall be open to all the world".[68] In its early years it was often referred to as The Championship but with the advent of the Amateur Championship in 1885, it became more common to refer to it as The Open Championship or simply The Open. The tournament inspired other national bodies to introduce open golf tournaments of their own, such as the U.S. Open, and later many others.[69] To distinguish it from their own national open, it became common in many countries to refer to the tournament as the "British Open". The R&A (the tournament's organiser) continued to refer to it as The Open Championship. During the interwar years, a period with many U.S.-based winners, the term British Open would occasionally be used during the trophy presentation and in British newspapers.[70][71]

In 2017 a representative of the R&A openly stated that it is a priority to "eradicate the term British Open" and have a single identity and brand of "The Open" in all countries.[72] Tournament partners, such as the PGA Tour, now refer to it without "British" in the title,[73] media rightsholders are contractually required to refer to the event as The Open Championship,[72] and the official website has released a statement titled "Why it's called 'The Open' and not the 'British Open'" stating that "The Open is the correct name for the Championship. It is also the most appropriate".[69] The R&A's stance has attracted criticism from some commentators.[72][74][75]

The R&A also run The Senior Open, the over 50s equivalent of the Open, which was officially known as the "Senior British Open" from its inception in 1987 until 2007, when "British" was dropped from the name.[76] The Women's British Open, seen by some as the women's equivalent to the Open (although unlike the Open it is not always held on a links course, and was not run by the R&A until 2017) has included the term "British" since its inception in 1976.

Status

The Open is recognised as one of the four major championships in golf, and is an official event on the PGA Tour, European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour.

The Open begun in 1860, and for many years it was not the most followed event in golf, as challenge matches between top golfers were more keenly followed, and drew large crowds.[77] The Great Triumvirate dominated the Open between 1894 and 1914 and were primarily responsible for the formation of the PGA in 1901 which had a big impact in promoting interest in professional golf (and therefore The Open) and increasing playing standards.[78] Between the world wars, the first wins by Americans were widely celebrated when they broke the dominance previously held by British players.[79] After World War II, although the profile of the tournament remained high in the UK and Commonwealth countries, the low prize money compared the US events and the cost of travel meant less Americans participated. High-profile visits and wins by Ben Hogan, and Arnold Palmer, the growth of cheaper and faster transatlantic flights, and the introduction television coverage, recovered its prestige.[1] When the modern concept of the majors was cemented the Open was included as one of the four events.

The Open is now one of the four majors in golf, along with the U.S. Open, PGA Championship, and Masters Tournament. The term "Major" is a universally acknowledged unofficial term used by players, the media, and golf followers to define the most important tournaments, and performance in them is often used to define the careers of the best golfers.[80] There is often discussion amongst the golfing community as to whether the Open, U.S. Open, or the Masters Tournament is the most prestigious major, but opinion varies (often linked to nationality). The PGA Championship is usually seen as the least prestigious of the four.[81][82]

In terms of official recognition, the tournament has been an event on the European Tour since its formation in 1972. The PGA Tour added it as its first official event outside of the United States and Canada in 1995, in addition all previous PGA Tour seasons have been retroactively adjusted to include the Open in official money and win statistics. Currently the Open, along with the other three majors, and The Players Championship are the top tier tournaments in the FedEx cup, offering more points than any other non playoff event. The Open is also an official event on the Japan Golf Tour.[83]

Structure

{{see also|The Open Championship format and qualification}}

Qualifying

{{see also|The Open Championship format and qualification#Current qualifying process|l1=Qualifying process}}

Qualifying was introduced in 1907, and for much of its history, all players had to go through the qualification process. In the modern era, the majority of players get an exemption from qualification which is awarded for previous performance in the Open, performance in high-profile global tournaments (such as other majors), performance in top golf tours, or a high position in the Official World Golf Ranking (OWGR). Five amateurs are also exempt from qualifying by winning various global amateur titles.[84]

Another ways of qualifying is to finish in a high position in the Open Qualifying Series of global events, which are about twelve tour events across the globe, run by various local golfing organisations.[85]

Twelve players still qualify at Final Qualifying, which is four simultaneous 36 holes one day events held across the UK.[85] If there are any spots left, then alternates are made up from the highest ranked players in the OWGR who are not already qualified, which brings the total field up to 156 players.[86]

In 2018, the OWGR gave the Open a strength of field rating of 902 (the maximum possible is 1000 if the top 200 players in the world were all in a tournament). This was only bettered by the PGA Championship, a tournament which actively targets a high strength of field rating.[87][88]

Format

Field: 156 players[89]Basic Format: 72 hole stroke play. Play 18 holes a day over four days, weather permitting.[89]Date of Tournament: Starts on the day before the third Friday in July.[90]Tournament Days: Thursday to Sunday.[89]Tee off times: Each player has one morning and one afternoon tee time in first two days in groups of three, which are mostly randomised (with some organiser discretion). Groupings of two on the last two days with last place going off first and leaders going out last.[91]Cut: After 36 holes, only top 70 and ties play the final 36 holes.[89]Playoff: If there is a tie for the lead after 72 holes, a four-hole aggregate playoff is held; followed by sudden death if the lead is still tied.[89]

Prizes

The purse at the 2018 Open Championship was US$10.5 million.[92] Up until 2016, the purse was always stated, and paid, in pounds sterling (£), but was changed in 2017 to US dollars ($) in recognition of the fact that it is the most widely adopted currency for prize money in golf.[93]

Champion's prizes and benefits

The champion receives trophies, the winners prize money, and several exemptions from world golf tours and tournaments. He is also likely to receive a winner's bonus from his sponsors.[94] In 2018 the prizes and privileges on offer for the champion included:

  • The Golf Champion Trophy (commonly known as the Claret Jug). The winner keeps the trophy until the next Open, at which point it must be returned, and a replica is provided as a replacement.[95][96]
  • The winner's gold medal (originally awarded in 1872 when the Claret Jug was not yet ready, and since awarded to all champions).[95][96]
  • If the winner is a professional, then the winner's share of the purse, US$1,890,000.[92]
  • Guaranteed entry to all future Open Championships until the age of 60, and entry to the next ten Opens, even if over the age of 60.[97]
  • Entry to the next five editions of the Masters Tournament, PGA Championship, and U.S. Open.[95]
  • Five year membership to the PGA Tour and the European Tour.[95][98]
  • Entry to the next edition of the WGC Invitational,[99] and WGC-HSBC Champions.[100]
  • Entry to the next five editions of The Players Championship, and the four invitational tournaments (Fort Worth Invitational, the Arnold Palmer Invitational, the RBC Heritage, and the Memorial Tournament) on the PGA Tour.[101]
  • Automatic invitations to three of the five senior majors once they turn 50; they receive a one-year invitation to the U.S. Senior Open and a lifetime invitation to the Senior PGA Championship and Senior Open Championship.[102][103][104]
  • FedEx Cup, Race to Dubai, Ryder Cup/Presidents Cup, and Official World Golf Ranking points.[95]

From 1860 to 1870, the winner received the challenge belt. When this was awarded to Young Tom Morris permanently for winning three consecutive tournaments, it was replaced by the gold medal (1872 onwards), and the claret jug (1873 onwards).[96]

Other prizes and benefits, based upon finishing position

There are several benefits from being placed highly in the Open. These are:

  • The runners up each receive a silver salver.[105]
  • If the player is a professional, then a share of the purse. There is a distribution curve for those who make the cut, with 1st place getting 18%, 2nd 10.4%, 3rd 6.7%, 4th 5.2%, and 5th 4.2%. The percentage continues to fall by placing with 21st getting 1% and 37th 0.5%. Professionals who miss the cut received between US$7,375 and US$4,950.[92]
  • The top 10 players, including ties, get entry to the next edition of The Open Championship.[97]
  • The top 4 players, including ties, get entry to the next edition of the Masters Tournament.[106]
  • FedEx Cup, Race to Dubai, Ryder Cup/Presidents Cup, and Official World Golf Ranking points.[95]

Amateur medals

Since 1949 the leading amateur completing the final round receives a silver medal. Since 1972, any other amateur who competes in the final round receives a bronze medal.[96] Amateurs do not receive prize money.[107]

Professional Golfers' Association (of Great Britain and Ireland) awards

The Professional Golfers' Association (of Great Britain and Ireland) also mark the achievements of their own members in The Open.

  • Ryle Memorial Medal – awarded since 1901 to the winner if he is a PGA member.[108]
  • Braid Taylor Memorial Medal – awarded since 1966 to the highest finishing PGA member.[109]
  • Tooting Bec Cup – awarded since 1924 to the PGA member who records the lowest single round during the championship.[110]

The Braid Taylor Memorial Medal and the Tooting Bec Cup are restricted to members born in, or with a parent or parents born in, the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland.[95]

Courses

{{see also|List of The Open Championship venues}}

The Open Championship has always been held on a coastal links golf course in Scotland, England or Northern Ireland. The hosting pattern has been:[111]

  • 1860–1870: Prestwick Golf Club the sole host.
  • 1872–1892: Three year rotation between Prestwick, St Andrews, and Musselburgh (replaced by Muirfield in 1892) golf clubs.
  • 1893–1907: Five year rotation between Prestwick, Royal St George's, St Andrews, Muirfield, and Royal Liverpool Golf Clubs.[112][113]
  • 1908–1939: Six year rotation, initially between Prestwick, Royal Cinque Ports, St Andrews, Royal St George's, Muirfield, and Royal Liverpool Golf Clubs, so alternating between Scotland and England.[114][115] A few changes were made to the rota of 6 courses after World War I.
  • 1946–1972: Alternating between Scottish and English golf clubs continues, but without a fixed rota. Exceptions were St Andrews hosting pre- and post-World War II, and Northern Ireland hosting in 1951.
  • 1973 to date: Usually three Scottish and two English courses hosting in a five-year period, mostly alternating between the two countries, with St Andrews hosting about every five years. Northern Ireland returning in 2019.[116]

Overview

A total of 14 courses have hosted the Open, with ten currently active as part of the rotation, and four have been retired from the rotation (shown in italics). The year the golf course was originally built is shown in parenthesis.

Prestwick Golf Club (1851):[117] Prestwick is The Open's original venue, and hosted 24 Open's in all, including the first 12.[111] Old Tom Morris designed the original 12 hole course,[117] but it was subsequently redesigned and expanded to be an 18-hole course in 1882.[118] Serious overcrowding problems at Prestwick in 1925 meant that the course was never again used for the Open, and was replaced by Carnoustie Golf Links as the third Scottish course.[30][31]Old Course at St Andrews (1552):[119] Considered the oldest golf course in the world, and referred to as "the home of golf". Famous features include the "Hell Bunker" (14th), the Road Hole (17th).[120] Due to its special status it usually hosts the open every five years in the modern era.[111] It is designed to be played in wind, so can result in low scores in benign conditions.[121]Musselburgh Links (c1672):[119] A 9-hole course that hosted six Opens as it was used by the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, one of the organisers of The Open between 1872 and 1920. When the Honourable Company built their own course in 1891 (Muirfield), it took over hosting duties.[122] Musselburgh was unhappy with this and organised another rival 'Open' competition prior to the Muirfield event, one with greater prize money.[123]Muirfield (1891): Built by the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers to replace Musselburgh on the rota. Known for the circular arrangement the course has, which means the wind direction on each hole changes, and can make it tricky to navigate.[124] Briefly removed from the rota in 2016-17 due to not having any female members.[125][126]Royal St George's Golf Club (1887):[127] The first venue to host in England, and the only venue on the current rota in Southern England. It went 32 years without hosting between 1949 and 1981, but returned following the rebuilding of three holes, tee changes to another two holes, and improved road links.[128] Known for having the deepest bunker on the rota (4th hole).[129]Royal Liverpool Golf Club (1869):[130] Often simply referred to as Hoylake. Royal Liverpool went 39 years without hosting between 1967 and 2006,[111] but returned following changes to tees, bunkers, and greens.[130] In 2006 Tiger Woods famously won by hitting just one driver.[131]Royal Cinque Ports Golf Club (1892):[132] Hosted the 1909 and 1920 Opens, and was scheduled to host in 1938 and 1949 but both had to be moved to Royal St George's Golf Club due to abnormally high tides flooding the course. It was removed from the rota but is still used for qualifying.[133][134][135][136][137]Royal Troon Golf Club (1878):[138] First used in 1923 instead of Muirfield when "some doubts exists as to the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers being desirous of their course being used for the event".[139] Redesigned, lengthened, and strengthened by James Braid shortly before it held its first Open. Famous features include the "Postage Stamp" 8th hole, and the 601 yards 6th.[138]Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club (1886):[140] A relatively short course, but has 167 bunkers which demand accuracy.[141] Slightly inland since some coastal homes have been built since the course first opened.[140]Carnoustie Golf Links (1835):[119] Replaced Prestwick after it was no longer suitable for the Open.[31] It went through modifications prior to the 1999 Open. Thought of as being the toughest of the Open venues, especially the last three holes, and is well remembered for Jean van de Velde triple bogeying on the 18th when he only needed a double bogey to win.[52]Prince's Golf Club (1906): Only hosted once in 1932. Has been redesigned in 1950 due to war damage.[142]Royal Portrush Golf Club (1888):[143] The only venue to host the Open outside England and Scotland when it hosted in 1951. With the political troubles in Northern Ireland diminished, and the after successful hosting of the Irish Open it will return in 2019. The course underwent significant changes before the 2019 Open, including replacing the 17th and 18th holes, which also provided the space for spectators and corporate hospitality that a modern major requires.[116]Royal Birkdale Golf Club (1894): Extensively redesigned by Fred Hawtree and JH Taylor to create the current layout in 1922, it is known for its sand dunes towering the fairways. Often ranked as England's best Open venue.[144][145][146]Turnberry (1906): Made its Open debut in 1977, when Tom Watson and Jack Nicklaus famously played the Duel in the Sun. Known to be one of the most picturesque Open venues, it was bought by Donald Trump in 2004, who has spent substantial amounts renovating the course.[147] It is rumoured that some R&A members are reluctant to let Turnberry host whilst under the current ownership.[148]{{Location map many|United Kingdom||float=right|width=250
|label1=Carnoustie| mark1size=5 | pos1=top | lat1=56.497 | long1=-2.717
|label2=St Andrews | pos2=right | mark2size=5 | lat2=56.343 |long2=-2.803
|label3=Muirfield | pos3=left | mark3size=5 | lat3=56.042 |long3=-2.821
|label4=Turnberry | pos4=bottom |mark4size=5 | lat4=55.316 |long4=-4.833
|label5=Royal Troon | pos5=right |mark5size=5 | lat5=55.532 |long5=-4.65
|label6=Royal Birkdale |mark6size=5 | pos6=left | lat6=53.622 |long6=-3.033
|label7=Royal Liverpool
(Hoylake) | pos7=bottom |mark7size=5 | lat7=53.385 | long7=-3.190
|label8=Royal 
St George's |mark8size=5 | pos8 = left | lat8=51.274 | long8=1.367
|label9=Royal Lytham |mark9size=5 | pos9 = right | lat9 = 53.7497 |long9 = -3.0169
|label10=Royal
Portrush | pos10=left |mark10size=5 | lat10 = 55.200 |long10 = -6.635
|caption = Open Championship venues which are currently part of the rotation.}}{{Location map many|United Kingdom||float=right|width=250
|label1=Prestwick| mark1size=5 | pos1=left| lat1=55.502 | long1=-4.619
|label2=Prince's | pos2=top | mark2size=5 | lat2=51.2911 |long2=1.3729
|label3=Musselburgh | pos3=right | mark3size=5 | lat3=55.946667 |long3=-3.036389
|label4=Royal Cinque Ports| pos4=left |mark4size=5 | lat4=51.2395 |long4=1.3965
|caption = Former Open Championship venues which are no longer part of the rotation.
}}

Hosting record of each course

CourseNo.Years hosted
{{sort|004|Prestwick{{sort|024|24}}001|1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1872, 1875, 1878, 1881, 1884, 1887, 1890, 1893, 1898, 1903, 1908, 1914, 1925}}
{{sort|012|St Andrews{{sort|029|29}}002|1873, 1876, 1879, 1882, 1885, 1888, 1891, 1895, 1900, 1905, 1910, 1921, 1927, 1933, 1939, 1946, 1955, 1957, 1960, 1964, 1970, 1978, 1984, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2021}}
{{sort|003|Musselburgh{{sort|006|6}}003|1874, 1877, 1880, 1883, 1886, 1889}}
{{sort|002|Muirfield{{sort|016|16}}004|1892, 1896, 1901, 1906, 1912, 1929, 1935, 1948, 1959, 1966, 1972, 1980, 1987, 1992, 2002, 2013}}
{{sort|011|Royal Troon{{sort|009|9}}007|1923, 1950, 1962, 1973, 1982, 1989, 1997, 2004, 2016}}
{{sort|001|Carnoustie{{sort|008|8}}009|1931, 1937, 1953, 1968, 1975, 1999, 2007, 2018}}
{{sort|013|Turnberry{{sort|004|4}}013|1977, 1986, 1994, 2009}}
Scotland96{{sort|048|}}
{{sort|010|Royal St George's{{sort|014|14}}004|1894, 1899, 1904, 1911, 1922, 1928, 1934, 1938, 1949, 1981, 1985, 1993, 2003, 2011, 2020}}
{{sort|008|Royal Liverpool{{sort|012|12}}005|1897, 1902, 1907, 1913, 1924, 1930, 1936, 1947, 1956, 1967, 2006, 2014}}, 2022
{{sort|007|Royal Cinque Ports{{sort|002|2}}006|1909, 1920}}
{{sort|008|Royal Lytham & St Annes{{sort|011|11}}008|1926, 1952, 1958, 1963, 1969, 1974, 1979, 1988, 1996, 2001, 2012}}
{{sort|005|Prince's{{sort|001|1}}010|1932}}
{{sort|006|Royal Birkdale{{sort|010|10}}012|1954, 1961, 1965, 1971, 1976, 1983, 1991, 1998, 2008, 2017}}
England50{{sort|049|}}
{{sort|009|Royal Portrush{{sort|001|1}}011|1951, 2019}}
{{sort|49|Northern Ireland1{{sort|050|}}

References:[111][61]

Future venues

YearEditionCourseTownCountyCountryDatesLast hostedRef
2019148th Royal Portrush Golf ClubPortrush Antrim Northern Ireland 18–21 July1951 [149]
2020149th Royal St George's Golf ClubSandwich Kent England 16–19 July2011 [150]
2021150th Old Course at St AndrewsSt Andrews Fife Scotland 15–18 July2015 [151]
2022151stRoyal Liverpool Golf ClubHoylakeMerseysideEngland14–17 July2014[152]

Records

  • Oldest winner: Old Tom Morris ({{Age in years and days|1821|06|16|1867|09|26}}), 1867.
  • Youngest winner: Young Tom Morris ({{Age in years and days|1851|04|20|1868|09|23}}), 1868.[153]
  • Most victories: 6, Harry Vardon (1896, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1911, 1914).
  • Most consecutive victories: 4, Young Tom Morris (1868, 1869, 1870, 1872 – there was no championship in 1871).
  • Lowest score after 36 holes: 130, Nick Faldo (66-64), 1992; Brandt Snedeker (66-64), 2012
  • Lowest score after 54 holes: 198, Tom Lehman (67-67-64), 1996
  • Lowest final score (72 holes): 264, Henrik Stenson (68-65-68-63, 264), 2016.
  • Lowest final score (72 holes) in relation to par: −20, Henrik Stenson (68-65-68-63, 264), 2016.
  • Greatest victory margin: 13 strokes, Old Tom Morris, 1862. This remained a record for all majors until 2000, when Woods won the U.S. Open by 15 strokes at Pebble Beach. Old Tom's 13-stroke margin was achieved over 36 holes.
  • Lowest round: 62, Branden Grace, 3rd round, 2017; a record for all majors.
  • Lowest round in relation to par: −9, Paul Broadhurst, 3rd round, 1990; Rory McIlroy, 1st round, 2010.
  • Wire-to-wire winners (after 72 holes with no ties after rounds): Ted Ray in 1912, Bobby Jones in 1927, Gene Sarazen in 1932, Henry Cotton in 1934, Tom Weiskopf in 1973, Tiger Woods in 2005, and Rory McIlroy in 2014.[154]
  • Most runner-up finishes: 7, Jack Nicklaus (1964, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1977, 1979)

Champions

{{see also|List of The Open Championship champions}}
Year Dates Champion Country Venue Winning
score 		Winning
margin		 Runner(s)-up Winner's
share (£)
201819–22 Jul Francesco Molinari Italy}} Carnoustie 276 (−8) 2 strokes USA}} Kevin Kisner
{{flagicon|NIR}} Rory McIlroy
{{flagicon|ENG}} Justin Rose
{{flagicon|USA}} Xander Schauffele		1,440,000
201720–23 Jul Jordan Spieth United States}} Royal Birkdale 268 (−12) 3 strokes USA}} Matt Kuchar1,420,000
201614–17 Jul Henrik Stenson Sweden}} Royal Troon 264 (−20) 3 strokes USA}} Phil Mickelson1,175,000
201516–20 JulZach Johnson United States}} St Andrews 273 (−15) PlayoffAUS}} Marc Leishman
{{flagicon|RSA}} Louis Oosthuizen		1,150,000
201417–20 Jul Rory McIlroy Northern Ireland}} Royal Liverpool 271 (−17) 2 strokes USA}} Rickie Fowler
{{flagicon|ESP}} Sergio García		975,000
201318–21 Jul Phil Mickelson United States}} Muirfield 281 (−3) 3 strokes SWE}} Henrik Stenson945,000
201219–22 Jul Ernie Els (2) South Africa}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 273 (−7) 1 stroke AUS}} Adam Scott900,000
201114–17 Jul Darren Clarke Northern Ireland}} Royal St George's 275 (−5) 3 strokes USA}} Dustin Johnson
{{flagicon|USA}} Phil Mickelson		900,000
201015–18 Jul Louis Oosthuizen South Africa}} St Andrews 272 (−16) 7 strokes ENG}} Lee Westwood850,000
200916–19 Jul Stewart Cink United States}} Turnberry 278 (−2) PlayoffUSA}} Tom Watson750,000
200817–20 Jul Pádraig Harrington (2) Ireland}} Royal Birkdale 283 (+3) 4 strokes ENG}} Ian Poulter750,000
200719–22 Jul Pádraig Harrington Ireland}} Carnoustie 277 (−7) PlayoffESP}} Sergio García750,000
200620–23 Jul Tiger Woods (3) United States}} Royal Liverpool 270 (−18) 2 strokes USA}} Chris DiMarco720,000
200514–17 Jul Tiger Woods (2) United States}} St Andrews 274 (−14) 5 strokes SCO}} Colin Montgomerie720,000
200415–18 Jul Todd Hamilton United States}} Royal Troon 274 (−10) PlayoffZAF}} Ernie Els720,000
200317–20 Jul Ben Curtis United States}} Royal St George's 283 (−1) 1 stroke DNK}} Thomas Bjørn
{{flagicon|FJI}} Vijay Singh		700,000
200218–21 Jul Ernie Els South Africa}} Muirfield 278 (−6) PlayoffAUS}} Stuart Appleby
{{flagicon|AUS}} Steve Elkington
{{flagicon|FRA}} Thomas Levet		700,000
200119–22 Jul David Duval United States}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 274 (−10) 3 strokes SWE}} Niclas Fasth600,000
200020–23 Jul Tiger Woods United States}} St Andrews 269 (−19) 8 strokes DNK}} Thomas Bjørn
{{flagicon|ZAF}} Ernie Els		500,000
199915–18 Jul Paul Lawrie Scotland}} Carnoustie 290 (+6) PlayoffUSA}} Justin Leonard
{{flagicon|FRA}} Jean van de Velde		350,000
199816–19 Jul Mark O'Meara United States}} Royal Birkdale 280 (E) PlayoffUSA}} Brian Watts300,000
199717–20 Jul Justin Leonard United States}} Royal Troon 272 (−12) 3 strokes NIR}} Darren Clarke
{{flagicon|SWE}} Jesper Parnevik		250,000
199618–21 Jul Tom Lehman United States}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 271 (−13) 2 strokes ZAF}} Ernie Els
{{flagicon|USA}} Mark McCumber		200,000
199520–23 Jul John Daly United States}} St Andrews 282 (−6) PlayoffITA}} Costantino Rocca125,000
199414–17 Jul Nick Price Zimbabwe}} Turnberry 268 (−12) 1 stroke SWE}} Jesper Parnevik110,000
199315–18 Jul Greg Norman (2) Australia}} Royal St George's 267 (−13) 2 strokes ENG}} Nick Faldo100,000
199216–19 Jul Nick Faldo (3) England}} Muirfield 272 (−12) 1 stroke USA}} John Cook95,000
199118–21 Jul Ian Baker-Finch Australia}} Royal Birkdale 272 (−8) 2 strokes AUS}} Mike Harwood90,000
199019–22 Jul Nick Faldo (2) England}} St Andrews 270 (−18) 5 strokes ZWE}} Mark McNulty
{{flagicon|USA}} Payne Stewart		85,000
198920–23 Jul Mark Calcavecchia United States}} Royal Troon 275 (−13) PlayoffAUS}} Wayne Grady
{{flagicon|AUS}} Greg Norman		80,000
198814–18 Jul Seve Ballesteros (3) Spain}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 273 (−11) 2 strokes ZWE}} Nick Price80,000
198716–19 Jul Nick Faldo England}} Muirfield 279 (−5) 1 stroke USA}} Paul Azinger
{{flagicon|AUS}} Rodger Davis		75,000
198617–20 Jul Greg Norman Australia}} Turnberry 280 (E) 5 strokes ENG}} Gordon J. Brand70,000
198518–21 Jul Sandy Lyle Scotland}} Royal St George's 282 (+2) 1 stroke USA}} Payne Stewart65,000
198419–22 Jul Seve Ballesteros (2) Spain}} St Andrews 276 (−12) 2 strokes FRG}} Bernhard Langer
{{flagicon|USA}} Tom Watson		55,000
198314–17 Jul Tom Watson (5) United States}} Royal Birkdale 275 (−9) 1 stroke USA}} Andy Bean
{{flagicon|USA}} Hale Irwin		40,000
198215–18 Jul Tom Watson (4) United States}} Royal Troon 284 (−4) 1 stroke ENG}} Peter Oosterhuis
{{flagicon|ZWE}} Nick Price		32,000
198116–19 Jul Bill Rogers United States}} Royal St George's 276 (−4) 4 strokes FRG}} Bernhard Langer25,000
198017–20 Jul Tom Watson (3) United States}} Muirfield 271 (−13) 4 strokes USA}} Lee Trevino25,000
197918–21 Jul Seve Ballesteros Spain|1977}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 283 (−1) 3 strokes USA}} Ben Crenshaw
{{flagicon|USA}} Jack Nicklaus		15,000
197812–15 Jul Jack Nicklaus (3) United States}} St Andrews 281 (−7) 2 strokes USA}} Ben Crenshaw
{{flagicon|USA}} Raymond Floyd
{{flagicon|USA}} Tom Kite
{{flagicon|NZL}} Simon Owen		12,500
19776–9 Jul Tom Watson (2) United States}} Turnberry 268 (−12) 1 stroke USA}} Jack Nicklaus10,000
19767–10 Jul Johnny Miller United States}} Royal Birkdale 279 (−9) 6 strokes ESP|1945}} Seve Ballesteros
{{flagicon|USA}} Jack Nicklaus		7,500
19759–13 Jul Tom Watson United States}} Carnoustie 279 (−9) PlayoffAUS}} Jack Newton7,500
197410–13 Jul Gary Player (3) South Africa|1928}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 282 (−2) 4 strokes ENG}} Peter Oosterhuis5,500
197311–14 Jul Tom Weiskopf United States}} Troon 276 (−12) 3 strokes ENG}} Neil Coles
{{flagicon|USA}} Johnny Miller		5,500
197212–15 Jul Lee Trevino (2) United States}} Muirfield 278 (−6) 1 stroke USA}} Jack Nicklaus5,500
19717–10 Jul Lee Trevino United States}} Royal Birkdale 278 (−14) 1 stroke TWN}} Lu Liang-Huan5,500
19708–12 Jul Jack Nicklaus (2) United States}} St Andrews 283 (−5) PlayoffUSA}} Doug Sanders5,250
19699–12 Jul Tony Jacklin England}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 280 (−4) 2 strokes NZL}} Bob Charles4,250
196810–13 Jul Gary Player (2) South Africa|1928}} Carnoustie 289 (+1) 2 strokes NZL}} Bob Charles
{{flagicon|USA}} Jack Nicklaus		3,000
196712–15 Jul Roberto De Vicenzo Argentina}} Royal Liverpool 278 (−10) 2 strokes USA}} Jack Nicklaus2,100
19666–9 Jul Jack Nicklaus United States}} Muirfield 282 (−2) 1 stroke USA}} Doug Sanders
{{flagicon|WAL}} Dave Thomas		2,100
19657–9 Jul Peter Thomson (5) Australia}} Royal Birkdale 285 (−7) 2 strokes WAL}} Brian Huggett
{{flagicon|IRL}} Christy O'Connor Snr		1,750
19648–10 Jul Tony Lema United States}} St Andrews 279 (−9) 5 strokes USA}} Jack Nicklaus1,500
196310–13 Jul Bob Charles New Zealand}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 277 (−3) PlayoffUSA}} Phil Rodgers1,500
196211–13 Jul Arnold Palmer (2) United States}} Troon 276 (−12) 6 strokes AUS}} Kel Nagle1,400
196112–15 Jul Arnold Palmer United States}} Royal Birkdale 284 (−4) 1 stroke WAL}} Dai Rees1,400
19606–9 Jul Kel Nagle Australia}} St Andrews 278 (−10) 1 stroke USA}} Arnold Palmer1,250
19591–3 Jul Gary Player South Africa|1928}} Muirfield 284 (−4) 2 strokes ENG}} Fred Bullock
{{flagicon|BEL}} Flory Van Donck		1,000
19582–5 Jul Peter Thomson (4) Australia}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 278 (−6) PlayoffWAL|1953}} Dave Thomas1,000
19573–5 Jul Bobby Locke (4) South Africa|1928}} St Andrews 279 (−9) 3 strokes AUS}} Peter Thomson1,000
19564–6 Jul Peter Thomson (3) Australia}} Royal Liverpool 286 (+2) 3 strokes BEL}} Flory Van Donck1,000
19556–8 Jul Peter Thomson (2) Australia}} St Andrews 281 (−7) 2 strokes SCO}} John Fallon1,000
19547–9 Jul Peter Thomson Australia}} Royal Birkdale 283 (−9) 1 stroke ZAF|1928}} Bobby Locke
{{flagicon|WAL|1953}} Dai Rees
{{flagicon|ENG}} Syd Scott		750
19538–10 Jul Ben Hogan USA|1912}} Carnoustie 282 (−6) 4 strokes ARG}} Antonio Cerdá
{{flagicon|WAL|1953}} Dai Rees
{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Frank Stranahan (a)
{{flagicon|AUS}} Peter Thomson		500
19529–11 Jul Bobby Locke (3) South Africa|1928}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 287 (−1) 1 stroke AUS}} Peter Thomson300
19514–6 Jul Max Faulkner England}} Royal Portrush 285 (−3) 2 strokes ARG}} Antonio Cerdá300
19505–7 Jul Bobby Locke (2) South Africa|1928}} Troon 279 (−1) 2 strokes ARG}} Roberto de Vicenzo300
19496–9 Jul Bobby Locke South Africa|1928}} Royal St George's 283 (−5) PlayoffIRL}} Harry Bradshaw300
194830 Jun – 2 Jul Henry Cotton (3) England}} Muirfield 284 (E) 5 strokes NIR}} Fred Daly150
19472–4 Jul Fred Daly {{NIR}} Royal Liverpool 293 (+21) 1 stroke ENG}} Reg Horne
{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Frank Stranahan (a)		150
19463–5 Jul Sam Snead USA|1912}} St Andrews 290 (−2) 4 strokes USA|1912}} Johnny Bulla
{{flagicon|ZAF|1928}} Bobby Locke		150
1940–1945: No Championships because of World War II
19395–7 Jul Dick Burton {{ENG}} St Andrews 290 (−2) 2 strokes USA|1912}} Johnny Bulla100
19386–8 Jul Reg Whitcombe {{ENG}} Royal St George's 295 (+15) 2 strokes SCO}} Jimmy Adams100
19377–9 Jul Henry Cotton (2) {{ENG}} Carnoustie 290 2 strokes ENG}} Reg Whitcombe100
193625–27 Jun Alf Padgham {{ENG}} Royal Liverpool 287 1 stroke SCO}} Jimmy Adams100
193526–28 Jun Alf Perry {{ENG}} Muirfield 283 4 strokes ENG}} Alf Padgham100
193427–29 Jun Henry Cotton {{ENG}} Royal St George's 283 5 strokes ZAF|1928}} Sid Brews100
19335–8 Jul Denny Shute USA|1912}} St Andrews 292 PlayoffUSA|1912}} Craig Wood100
19328–10 Jun Gene Sarazen USA|1912}} Prince's 283 5 strokes SCO}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Macdonald Smith100
19313–5 Jun Tommy Armour {{flagcountry>USA|1912}} Carnoustie 296 1 stroke ARG}} José Jurado100
193018–20 Jun Bobby Jones (a) (3) USA|1912}} Royal Liverpool 291 2 strokes USA|1912}} Leo Diegel
{{flagicon|SCO}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Macdonald Smith		100
19298–10 May Walter Hagen (4) USA|1912}} Muirfield 292 6 strokes USA|1912}} Johnny Farrell75
19289–11 May Walter Hagen (3) USA|1912}} Royal St George's 292 2 strokes USA|1912}} Gene Sarazen75
192713–15 Jul Bobby Jones (a) (2) USA|1912}} St Andrews 285 6 strokes Jersey|old}} Aubrey Boomer
{{flagicon|ENG}} Fred Robson		75
192623–25 Jun Bobby Jones (a) USA|1912}} Royal Lytham & St Annes 291 2 strokes USA|1912}} Al Watrous75
192525–26 Jun Jim Barnes {{flagcountry>USA|1912}} Prestwick 300 1 stroke ENG}} Archie Compston
{{flagicon|JEY|old}} Ted Ray		75
192426–27 Jun Walter Hagen (2) USA|1912}} Royal Liverpool 301 1 stroke ENG}} Ernest Whitcombe75
192314–15 Jun Arthur Havers {{ENG}} Troon 295 1 stroke USA|1912}} Walter Hagen75
192222–23 Jun Walter Hagen USA|1912}} Royal St George's 300 1 stroke ENG}}{{flagicon|USA|1912}} Jim Barnes
{{flagicon|SCO}} George Duncan		75
192123–25 Jun Jock Hutchison {{flagcountry>USA|1912}} St Andrews 296 PlayoffENG}} Roger Wethered (a)75
192030 Jun – 1 Jul George Duncan {{SCO}} Royal Cinque Ports 303 2 strokes SCO}} Sandy Herd75
1915–1919: No Championships because of World War I
191418–19 Jun Harry Vardon (6) Jersey|old}} Prestwick 306 3 strokes ENG}} J.H. Taylor50
191323–24 Jun J.H. Taylor (5) {{ENG}} Royal Liverpool 304 8 strokes JEY|old}} Ted Ray50
191224–25 Jun Ted Ray Jersey|old}} Muirfield 295 4 strokes JEY|old}} Harry Vardon50
191126–30 Jun Harry Vardon (5) Jersey|old}} Royal St George's 303 PlayoffFRA|1794}} Arnaud Massy50
191021–24 Jun James Braid (5) {{SCO}} St Andrews 299 4 strokes SCO}} Sandy Herd50
190910–11 Jun J.H. Taylor (4) {{ENG}} Royal Cinque Ports 291 6 strokes ENG}} Tom Ball
{{flagicon|ENG}} James Braid		50
190818–19 Jun James Braid (4) {{SCO}} Prestwick 291 8 strokes ENG}} Tom Ball50
190720–21 Jun Arnaud Massy FRA|1794}} Royal Liverpool 312 2 strokes ENG}} J.H. Taylor50
190613–15 Jun James Braid (3) {{SCO}} Muirfield 300 4 strokes ENG}} J.H. Taylor50
19057–9 Jun James Braid (2) {{SCO}} St Andrews 318 5 strokes ENG}} Rowland Jones
{{flagicon|ENG}} J.H. Taylor		50
19048–10 Jun Jack White {{SCO}} Royal St George's 296 1 stroke SCO}} James Braid
{{flagicon|ENG}} J.H. Taylor		50
190310–11 Jun Harry Vardon (4) Jersey|old}} Prestwick 300 6 strokes JEY|old}} Tom Vardon50
19024–5 Jun Sandy Herd {{SCO}} Royal Liverpool 307 1 stroke SCO}} James Braid
{{flagicon|JEY|old}} Harry Vardon		50
19015–6 Jun James Braid {{SCO}} Muirfield 309 3 strokes JEY|old}} Harry Vardon50
19006–7 Jun J.H. Taylor (3) {{ENG}} St Andrews 309 8 strokes JEY|old}} Harry Vardon50
18997–8 Jun Harry Vardon (3) Jersey|old}} St George's 310 5 strokes SCO}} Jack White30
18988–9 Jun Harry Vardon (2) Jersey|old}} Prestwick 307 1 stroke SCO}} Willie Park Jr.30
189719–20 May Harold Hilton (a) (2) {{ENG}} Royal Liverpool 314 1 stroke SCO}} James Braid30
189610–11,13 Jun Harry Vardon Jersey|old}} Muirfield 316 PlayoffENG}} J.H. Taylor30
189512–13 Jun J.H. Taylor (2) {{ENG}} St Andrews 322 4 strokes SCO}} Sandy Herd30
189411–12 Jun J.H. Taylor {{ENG}} St George's 326 5 strokes SCO}} Douglas Rolland30
189331 Aug – 1 Sep William Auchterlonie {{SCO}} Prestwick 322 2 strokes SCO}} Johnny Laidlay (a)30
189222–23 Sep Harold Hilton (a) {{ENG}} Muirfield 305 3 strokes ENG}} John Ball (a)
{{flagicon|SCO}} Sandy Herd
{{flagicon|SCO}} Hugh Kirkaldy		35
18916–7 Oct Hugh Kirkaldy {{SCO}} St Andrews 166 2 strokes SCO}} Willie Fernie
{{flagicon|SCO}} Andrew Kirkaldy		10
189011 Sep John Ball (a) {{ENG}} Prestwick 164 3 strokes SCO}} Willie Fernie
{{flagicon|SCO}} Archie Simpson		13
18898,11 Nov Willie Park Jr. (2) {{SCO}} Musselburgh 155 PlayoffSCO}} Andrew Kirkaldy8
18886,8 Oct Jack Burns {{SCO}} St Andrews 171 1 stroke SCO}} David Anderson Jr.
{{flagicon|SCO}} Ben Sayers		8
188716 Sep Willie Park Jr. {{SCO}} Prestwick 161 1 stroke SCO}} Bob Martin8
18865 Nov David Brown {{SCO}} Musselburgh 157 2 strokes SCO}} Willie Campbell8
18853 Oct Bob Martin (2) {{SCO}} St Andrews 171 1 stroke SCO}} Archie Simpson10
18843 Oct Jack Simpson {{SCO}} Prestwick 160 4 strokes SCO}} Willie Fernie
{{flagicon|SCO}} Douglas Rolland		8
188316–17 Nov Willie Fernie {{SCO}} Musselburgh 159 PlayoffSCO}} Bob Ferguson8
188230 Sep Bob Ferguson (3) {{SCO}} St Andrews 171 3 strokes SCO}} Willie Fernie12
188114 Oct Bob Ferguson (2) {{SCO}} Prestwick 170 3 strokes SCO}} Jamie Anderson8
18809 Apr Bob Ferguson {{SCO}} Musselburgh 162 5 strokes SCO}} Peter Paxton8
187927,29 Sep Jamie Anderson (3) {{SCO}} St Andrews 169 3 strokes SCO}} Jamie Allan
{{flagicon|SCO}} Andrew Kirkaldy		10
18784 Oct Jamie Anderson (2) {{SCO}} Prestwick 157 2 strokes SCO}} Bob Kirk8
18776 Apr Jamie Anderson {{SCO}} Musselburgh 160 2 strokes SCO}} Bob Pringle8
187630 Sep, 2 Oct Bob Martin {{SCO}} St Andrews 176 PlayoffSCO}} Davie Strath10
187510 Sep Willie Park Sr. (4) {{SCO}} Prestwick 166 2 strokes SCO}} Bob Martin8
187410 Apr Mungo Park {{SCO}} Musselburgh 159 2 strokes SCO}} Tom Morris Jr.8
18734 Oct Tom Kidd {{SCO}} St Andrews 179 1 stroke SCO}} Jamie Anderson11
187213 Sep Tom Morris Jr. (4) {{SCO}} Prestwick 166 3 strokes SCO}} Davie Strath8
1871Championship cancelled as no trophy available
187015 Sep Tom Morris Jr. (3) {{SCO}} Prestwick 149 12 strokes SCO}} Bob Kirk
{{flagicon|SCO}} Davie Strath		6
186916 Sep Tom Morris Jr. (2) {{SCO}} Prestwick 157 11 strokes SCO}} Bob Kirk6
186823 Sep Tom Morris Jr. {{SCO}} Prestwick 154 3 strokes SCO}} Tom Morris Sr.6
186726 Sep Tom Morris Sr. (4) {{SCO}} Prestwick 170 2 strokes SCO}} Willie Park Sr.7
186613 Sep Willie Park Sr. (3) {{SCO}} Prestwick 169 2 strokes SCO}} Davie Park6
186514 Sep Andrew Strath {{SCO}} Prestwick 162 2 strokes SCO}} Willie Park Sr.8
186416 Sep Tom Morris Sr. (3) {{SCO}} Prestwick 167 2 strokes SCO}} Andrew Strath6
186318 Sep Willie Park Sr. (2) {{SCO}} Prestwick 168 2 strokes SCO}} Tom Morris Sr.-
186211 Sep Tom Morris Sr. (2) {{SCO}} Prestwick 163 13 strokes SCO}} Willie Park Sr.-
186126 Sep Tom Morris Sr. {{SCO}} Prestwick 163 4 strokes SCO}} Willie Park Sr.-
186017 Oct Willie Park Sr. {{SCO}} Prestwick 174 2 strokes SCO}} Tom Morris Sr.-

(a) denotes amateur

"Dates" column includes all days on which play took place or was planned to take place, including any playoffs

The Open began paying in U.S. dollars in 2017,[155] subsequent figures in pounds are rounded estimates.[156]

Silver Medal winners

Since 1949, the Silver Medal is awarded to the leading amateur, provided that the player completes all 72 holes.[96] In the 70 Championships from 1949 to 2018, it has been won by 45 players on 51 occasions. Frank Stranahan won it four times in the first five years (and was also the low amateur in 1947), while Joe Carr, Michael Bonallack and Peter McEvoy each won it twice. The medal has gone unawarded 19 times.

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • 1949 – Frank Stranahan
  • 1950 – Frank Stranahan (2)
  • 1951 – Frank Stranahan (3)
  • 1952 – Jackie Jones
  • 1953 – Frank Stranahan (4)
  • 1954 – Peter Toogood
  • 1955 – Joe Conrad
  • 1956 – Joe Carr
  • 1957 – Dickson Smith
  • 1958 – Joe Carr (2)
  • 1959 – Reid Jack
  • 1960 – Guy Wolstenholme
  • 1961 – Ronnie White
  • 1962 – Charlie Green
  • 1963 – none
  • 1964 – none
  • 1965 – Michael Burgess
  • 1966 – Ronnie Shade
  • 1967 – none
  • 1968 – Michael Bonallack
  • 1969 – Peter Tupling
  • 1970 – Steve Melnyk
  • 1971 – Michael Bonallack (2)
  • 1972 – none
  • 1973 – Danny Edwards
  • 1974 – none
  • 1975 – none
  • 1976 – none
  • 1977 – none
  • 1978 – Peter McEvoy
  • 1979 – Peter McEvoy (2)
  • 1980 – Jay Sigel
  • 1981 – Hal Sutton
  • 1982 – Malcolm Lewis
  • 1983 – none
  • 1984 – none
  • 1985 – José María Olazábal
  • 1986 – none
  • 1987 – Paul Mayo
  • 1988 – Paul Broadhurst
  • 1989 – Russell Claydon
  • 1990 – none
  • 1991 – Jim Payne
  • 1992 – Daren Lee
  • 1993 – Iain Pyman
  • 1994 – Warren Bennett
  • 1995 – Steve Webster
  • 1996 – Tiger Woods
  • 1997 – Barclay Howard
  • 1998 – Justin Rose
  • 1999 – none
  • 2000 – none
  • 2001 – David Dixon
  • 2002 – none
  • 2003 – none
  • 2004 – Stuart Wilson
  • 2005 – Lloyd Saltman
  • 2006 – Marius Thorp
  • 2007 – Rory McIlroy
  • 2008 – Chris Wood
  • 2009 – Matteo Manassero
  • 2010 – Jin Jeong
  • 2011 – Tom Lewis
  • 2012 – none
  • 2013 – Matthew Fitzpatrick
  • 2014 – none
  • 2015 – Jordan Niebrugge
  • 2016 – none
  • 2017 – Alfie Plant
  • 2018 – Sam Locke
{{div col end}}

Broadcasting

{{details|List of The Open Championship broadcasters}}

The distribution of The Open is provided by a partnership between R&A Productions, European Tour Productions (both run by IMG) and CTV Outside Broadcasting. The broadcasters with onsite production are Sky (UK), NBC (USA), BBC (UK), and TV Asahi (Japan).[157]

Many non-British broadcasters referred to the Open as the "British" Open in their coverage until 2010, when the R&A introduced use of contractual terms in their media contracts, similar to the Masters, and now rights holders are obliged to refer to the tournament as "The Open".[72] On 7 November 2018, the parent company of the U.S. rights holder, NBC, completed a takeover of the U.K. rights holder, Sky. This means the media rights in the two primary markets are owned by the same company, albeit produced separately by two different subsidiaries.[158] There are over 170 cameras on site during the tournament, including cameras in the face of the Open's pot bunkers.[159][160]

United Kingdom

{{col-begin}}{{Col-2}}Television rights history
BroadcasterBroadcast PeriodRights Fee Per Year
BBC1955–2014Varies
2015£7.0m
Sky Sportsname=BBCsold|BBC sold the rights to Sky for £7.0m}}name=BBCsold}}
2017–2021£15.0m
{{notelist}}Ref:[161][162][163]{{Col-2}}Current broadcast hours for live coverage
ChannelThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday
Sky Sports (Main Event & Golf)6.30am–9.00pm BST6.30am–9.00pm BST9.00am–8.00pm BST8.00am–7.00pm BST
Ref:[164]{{col-end}}The BBC first started to broadcast the Open in 1955,[161] with Peter Alliss involved since 1961, and having the role of lead commentator since 1978.[165] With the growth of pay television, and the increasing value of sporting rights, the BBC's golf portfolio began to reduce. The loss of the rights to the Scottish Open, and BMW PGA Championship in 2012 left the BBC's only golf coverage as the Open, and the final two days of the Masters (which it shared with Sky). With so little golf, the BBC was accused of neglecting investment in production and was criticised about its ‘quality of coverage and innovation’ compared to Sky which held the rights to most golf events. As the Open is not a category A event under the so-called "crown jewels of sport" UK law that stipulates certain events have to be shown in full on free to air television, it enabled Sky to bid for the rights for the 2017-2021 period.[166][161][167] Many were hoping that a deal similar to the Masters would be reached, where Sky had coverage of all four days, and the BBC also provided live weekend coverage, but Sky were not keen on this and won the full rights in 2015. Some were angered about the demise of golf on terrestrial television, and the impact that could have on the interest in golf in the U.K.,[168][169] whilst others were pleased about the perceived improved coverage that Sky would give.[170] Despite Peter Alliss promising on air that the BBC would cover the 2016 event, the BBC reached a deal for Sky to take the coverage. The BBC still covers the tournament, showing highlights from 8pm–10pm on tournament days and radio coverage on Radio 5 Live. The deal with Sky required the broadcaster to restrict its advertisement breaks to 4 minutes every hour, similar to the Masters.[170] Sky also offers complete coverage online through NOWtv to non subscribers, which is £7.99 for one day, or £12.99 for a weeks access.[171]

United States

{{col-begin}}{{Col-2}}Television rights history
BroadcasterBroadcast PeriodRights Fee Per Year
ABC1962–2009Varies
ESPN2010–2015$25.0m
NBCname=ESPNsold|ESPN sold the rights to NBC for an undisclosed fee}}$25.0m{{efnname=ESPNsold}
2017–2028$50.0m
{{notelist}}Ref:[172]{{Col-2}}Current broadcast hours for live coverage (East Coast)
ChannelThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday
Golf Channel1.30am–4.00pm ET1.30am–4.00pm ET4.30am–7.00am ET4.30am–7.00am ET
NBC7.00am–3.00pm ET7.00am–2.30pm ET
Universo (Spanish Language)1.00pm–3.00pm ETnoon–2.00pm ET
Ref:[173]{{col-end}}ABC began broadcasting the Open in 1962, with taped highlights on Wide World of Sports.[174] In the pre digital age the coverage had to be converted from the U.K.'s PAL colour encoding system, to the U.S.'s NTSC, which meant picture quality could be impacted, especially in the early years.[175] The coverage expanded over the years, and as is common in America, there was a different early round rights holder, which was ESPN until 2003 when TNT took over. ESPN won the rights to cover all four days of the championship between 2010 and 2016, showing the tournament exclusively on pay television for the first time, although extensive delayed coverage was shown on ESPN's partner network ABC. After losing the rights to the U.S. Open, NBC bid aggressively to win the rights to the Open, and become a broadcaster of a golf major again.[174] NBC also had a track record of broadcasting European sporting events successfully in the morning U.S. timezone with the Premier League, Formula One, and "Breakfast at Wimbledon", and were able to provide extensive and complete coverage with the use of subsidiary Golf Channel.[176][172] NBC won the rights from 2017 to 2028, and promised extensive multi platform coverage.[177][160] ESPN also sold them the rights for 2016.[178]

TheOpen.com

The Open provides limited coverage for free on its website including highlights, featured groups, featured holes, and radio coverage. The Open's local rights holders usually provide these feeds as part of their broadcast package.[179]

Rest of the World

The Open produces a 'world feed' for use by international broadcasters if they require.[157] The other large golf markets in a similar timezone as the U.K. are the rest of Europe (where Sky, the U.K. broadcast company often has a presence), and South Africa where it is covered by SuperSport.[180]

Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand and increasingly China are markets with high media interest in golf and the Open, but the timezone means the prime coverage is shown in the early hours of the morning.

Current broadcast hours for live coverage in Australia's Eastern Time Zone
ChannelThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday
Fox Sports3.30pm–5.00am AEST3.30pm–5.00am AEST7.00pm–5.00am AEST6.00pm–4.30am AEST
Ref:[181]

Notes and references

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{cite web |url=http://golfcollege.edu/open-championship-champion-golfers-years/ |title=The Open Championship: Champion Golfers Through The Years|publisher=Professional Golfers Career College |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
2. ^{{cite book |last1=Bradbeer |first1=Richard |last2=Morrison |first2=Ian |title=The Golf Handbook |isbn=1-86147-006-1 |publisher=Abbeydale Press |year=2000}}
3. ^{{cite news |title=Challenge Belt |work=Fife Herald |date=11 October 1861 |accessdate=21 December 2014 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000447/18601011/033/0001 |via = British Newspaper Archive |subscription=yes}}
4. ^1 {{cite magazine |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201143332/http://www.linksmagazine.com/golf_courses/prestwick-golf-club-6-12-12 |title=Preswick Golf Club |magazine=Links Magazine |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/TheOpen |title=1860: The Very First Open |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
6. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://fairwaysofwoodside.com/claret-jug-explore-history-golf-champion-trophy-better-known-claret-jug/ |title=The Claret Jug: Explore The History Of The Golf Champion Trophy, Better Known As The Claret Jug |publisher=Fairways of Woodside Golf Course |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1860/Prestwick|title=1860: The Very First Open |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1861/Prestwick|title=1861 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1863|title=1863 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=24 January 2019}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1864|title=1864 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=24 January 2019}}
11. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.mocgc.co.uk/format.html|title=Format |website=MOCGC |access-date=17 January 2019}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.antiquegolfscotland.com/antiquegolf/openchamp.php3?openid=1875 |title=1875: Prestwick |website=antiquegolfscotland.com}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1889/Prestwick |title=1889 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/british-open-winners-1561074 |title=Golfers Who Have Won the British Open |publisher=ThoughtCo. |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
15. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1892/|title=1892 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1894/|title=1894 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1897/|title=1897 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1884/Prestwick|title=1884 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
19. ^{{cite news|title=British Golf Ruling On Tourney Practice Will Help Americans|date=16 March 1926|newspaper=The Evening Review|location=East Liverpool, Ohio|page=10}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1911/|title=1911 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ls1AAAAAIBAJ&sjid=M6YMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6571%2C6860543|title=Golf Championship - First day's play - An Irishman leads|date=27 June 1911|newspaper=Glasgow Herald|pages=9,10}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1907/|title=1907 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1909/|title=1909 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/golf/the_open_2003/history/2986433.stm |title=The Great Triumvirate and inter-war years |publisher=BBC Sport |date=4 July 2004 |accessdate=2009-08-02 |df=dmy-all}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=British Golf Ruling On Tourney Practice Will Help Americans|date=16 March 1926|newspaper=The Evening Review|location=East Liverpool, Ohio|page=10}}
26. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll2/id/5391/rec/2 |magazine=Golf Illustrated |date=March 1921 |page=32 |title=Month at a Glance |accessdate=6 August 2013}}
27. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/the-history-of-how-scotland-brought-golf-to-america-1-4049651 |newspaper=The Scotsman |date=7 March 2016 |title=The history of how Scotland brought golf to America |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
28. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/rydercup/11110766/How-the-Ryder-Cup-was-born-at-Gleneagles.html |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=20 September 2014 |title=How the Ryder Cup was born at Gleneagles |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1921/ |title=1921 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
30. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1925/ |title=1925 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
31. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1931/ |title=1931 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1923/ |title=1923 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1926/ |title=1926 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1932/ |title=1932 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
35. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/the-hogan-mystique-reimagined |magazine=Golf Digest |date=12 July 2018 |title=The Hogan Mystique, reimagined |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.royalcinqueports.com/open_rota |publisher=Royal Cinque Ports |title=Open Rota |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
37. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1951/ |title=1951 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
38. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Zuo-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=-EwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5254%2C4739915 |newspaper=Glasgow Herald |location=Scotland |title=Centenary Open Championship: prize money increased |date=4 December 1959 |page=12}}
39. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.pga.org/sites/default/files/assets/library/Media/mg-pga-champ.pdf/ |title=PGA Stats |publisher=PGA of America |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1953/ |title=1953 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
41. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1969/ |title=1969 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
42. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1967/ |title=1967 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
43. ^{{cite news|title=Draw for the Open Golf Championship|date=13 June 1957|newspaper=The Times|page=3}}
44. ^{{cite news|title=R&A made bigger ball compulsory|date=22 January 1974|newspaper=The Times|page=10}}
45. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=E5VAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9qQMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5029%2C3353853|title=American-size ball compulsory in Open|last=Jacobs|first=Raymond|date=22 January 1974|work=Glasgow Herald|page=4}}
46. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FJVAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9qQMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4995%2C3676638|title=Manufacturers criticize Open ball decision|date=23 January 1974|work=Glasgow Herald|page=4}}
47. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1966/ |title=1966 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=24 January 2019}}
48. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1980/ |title=1980 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=24 January 2019}}
49. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/tom-watson-jack-nicklaus-tiger-woods-could-claim-title-best-american-links-player |title=Tom Watson may be the best U.S.-born links player, but don't discount Jack and Tiger |website=Golf.com |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
50. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1976/ |title=1976 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
51. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.europeantour.com/europeantour/season=2019/tournamentid=2019062/history/index.html |title=Tournament History |publisher=European Tour |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
52. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/1999/ |title=1999 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
53. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/2003/ |title=2003 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
54. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/2004/ |title=2004 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
55. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/2000/ |title=2000 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
56. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/2002/ |title=2002 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
57. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/2009/ |title=2009 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
58. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/2015/ |title=2015 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
59. ^{{cite web |url=https://scores.theopen.com/Heritage/PreviousOpens#!/2016/ |title=2016 |publisher=The Open |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
60. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.golfchannel.com/article/golf-central-blog/jack-henrik-v-phil-better-duel-suntitle=2016 |title=Jack: Henrik v. Phil better than Duel in the Sun |work=Golf Channel |accessdate=6 January 2019}}
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180. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.supersport.com/golf/open-championship|title=The Open|website=SuperSport|access-date=18 January 2019}}
181. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pga.org.au/tourns/majors/the-open/tv-schedule-times|title=TV Schedule|website=PGA of Australia|access-date=18 January 2019}}

External links

{{Commons category|The Open Championship (golf)}}{{Wikipedia books|Men's major professional golf championships}}
  • {{Official website}}
  • Coverage on European Tour.com
  • Coverage on the PGA Tour's official site
  • Coverage on PGA.com
{{The Open Championships}}{{Open Championship Courses}}{{Footer MensMajors}}{{Golf}}{{European Tour}}{{PGA Tour Events}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Open Championship}}

10 : The Open Championship|Men's major golf championships|Golf tournaments in England|Golf tournaments in Northern Ireland|Golf tournaments in Scotland|July sporting events|1860 establishments in Scotland|Recurring sporting events established in 1860|National championships in the United Kingdom|Annual sporting events in the United Kingdom
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