| 词条 | SteamOS | |||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = SteamOS | logo = SteamOS Logo.png | screenshot = | caption = Default home screen for SteamOS. | developer = Valve Corporation | family = Unix-like | kernel type = Monolithic (Linux) | working_state = Under development (Public Beta) | source_model = Open source base system with closed source components | marketing target = Gaming, entertainment | released = {{Start date and age|2013|12|13|mf=yes}} | language = Various languages | updatemodel = APT | package_manager = dpkg[1] | supported_platforms = x86-64 | userland = GNU | ui = Steam | license = | website = {{URL|store.steampowered.com/steamos/}} }} SteamOS is a Debian-based Linux operating system by Valve Corporation and is the primary operating system for Valve's Steam Machine gaming hardware platform.[2] It was released alongside the start of end-user beta testing of Steam Machines in December 2013. FeaturesSteamOS is designed primarily for playing video games away from a PC (such as from the couch in one's living room) by providing a console-like experience using generic PC hardware that can connect directly to a television. It can run games natively that have been developed for Linux and purchased from the Steam store. Users are also able to stream games from their Windows, Mac or Linux computers to one running SteamOS, and it incorporates the same family sharing and restrictions as Steam on the desktop.[3] Valve claims that it has "achieved significant performance increases in graphics processing" through SteamOS.[4] The operating system is open source, allowing users to build on or adapt the source code, though the actual Steam client is closed.[5][6] Since SteamOS is solely for playing games without use of mouse or keyboard, it does not have many built-in functions beyond web browsing and playing games; for example, there is no file manager or image viewer installed by default. Users can, however, access the GNOME desktop environment and perform tasks like installing other software.[7] Though the OS does not, in its current form, support streaming services, Valve is in talks with streaming companies such as Spotify and Netflix to bring their features to SteamOS.[8][9] However Steam does have full-length films from indie movie makers available from their store. The OS natively supports Nvidia, Intel, and AMD graphics processors.[10][11] Valve stated that it has added support for movies, television, and music functionality to SteamOS, however, the video content is only from Steam's store which has a small number of films, while music playback only supports local music collections. In October 2015, an update allowed Netflix and other DRM protected content to function in the native built-in browser.[12] The current system hardware requirements for default SteamOS installations include:[13]
A custom installer method is also available, which can require additional configuration steps. This method allows for smaller hard-disk sizes. There is also an ISO image installer that supports legacy BIOS motherboard.[15] The installers can be sourced through Valve's repository.[16] HistoryDuring a panel at LinuxCon in 2013, Valve co-founder and executive director Gabe Newell stated that he believed "Linux and open source are the future of gaming", going on to say that the company is aiding game developers who want to make games compatible with Linux, and that they would be making an announcement the following week related to introducing Linux into the living room.[17] On September 20, 2013, Valve posted a statement on its website titled The Steam Universe is Expanding in 2014 which teased three new announcements from them related to "even more ways to connect the dots for customers who want Steam in the living-room".[18][19] The first announcement was revealed on September 23 as SteamOS, with Valve saying they had "come to the conclusion that the environment best suited to delivering value to customers is an operating system built around Steam itself".[20] A large focus of the reveal was the openness of the operating system, with it being announced that users would be able to alter or replace any part of the software, and that it would be free.[21] In October 2013, Valve announced Steam Dev Days; a two-day developer conference where video game developers will be able to test and provide feedback on SteamOS and Steam Machines.[22] In October 2013, Nvidia also announced their collaboration with Valve to support SteamOS with the help of a development suite called Nvidia GameWorks which incorporates PhysX, OptiX, VisualFX and other Nvidia-proprietary APIs and implementations thereof.[23] In November 2013, Valve confirmed that they would not be making any exclusive games for SteamOS, and were also encouraging other developers not to as it goes against their philosophy of selling games wherever customers are.[24] In December, Valve announced that a beta version of SteamOS would be released for download on December 13, 2013.[25] When this beta version released, Valve suggested waiting until 2014 to use it unless the user was confident using Linux operating systems.[26] In mid-October 2015, preorders of the Steam Controller,[27] Steam Link,[28] and Alienware branded Steam Machines became available.[29] The official release date for Steam Machines was on November 10, 2015.[30] Cancelled gamesThe following games which also included AAA titles, were advertised as coming to SteamOS, but were cancelled, or remain unreleased as of 2017:[31] {{refbegin|2}}
Releases
PerformanceIn December 2013, Phoronix compared three Nvidia graphics cards on SteamOS and Windows 8.1.[33] Overall, the Nvidia's proprietary Linux graphics driver can deliver comparable performance to that of the Windows drivers due to the largely shared code-base between the platforms. In January 2014, GameSpot compared the performance to games running on Windows using identical hardware and settings with an AMD graphics card and a Nvidia graphics card. On the AMD graphics card, they found that Dota 2, Left 4 Dead 2 and Last Light all ran at considerably fewer frames-per-second under SteamOS. Left 4 Dead 2 also suffered from stuttering, which they attributed to a device driver problem. On the Nvidia graphics card Metro: Last Light ran at slightly higher frames per second, and Dota 2 ran at the same rate. They state that for Left 4 Dead 2 the Nvidia card actually performed better under SteamOS, but did not specify how as their chart indicated it performed at a lower frame rate. On both cards, Left 4 Dead 2 and Dota 2 both had longer load times compared to Windows.[34] On the official release of Steam Machines in November 2015, Ars Technica compared the rendering performance of cross-platform games on SteamOS and Windows 10 running on the same machine, using average frame-per-second measurements, and found that games were rendered between 21% and 58% slower on SteamOS compared to Windows 10. Ars Technica considered this might be due to the inexperience of developers optimizing on OpenGL in contrast to DirectX, and believed that the performance might improve with future titles.[35] Ars Technica noted that its benchmark, comprising only six games on a single computer, was far from comprehensive. ReceptionOn the gaming front, following the initial announcement many video game developers have shared their thoughts on SteamOS. Minecraft creator Markus Persson described it as "amazing news," and Thomas Was Alone developer Mike Bithell called it "encouraging" for indie games.[36][37] Other developers such as DICE, creators of the Battlefield series, and The Creative Assembly, developers of the Total War series, have stated that they may support their games on Linux and SteamOS.[38][39] On the operating system front, Gearbox Software head Randy Pitchford commented that he believed the operating system needed a unique application to attract developers, saying "without that must-buy product driving us all towards this stuff, I expect that the industry at large will watch curiously, but remain largely unaffected."[40] Richard Stallman, head of the Free Software Foundation, is cautiously supportive, although he does not condone the use of non-free games or DRM.[41] The SteamOS beta release received mixed reviews. In TechRadar's review Henry Winchester praised the easy to navigate interface and future potential but criticized the hard installation and lack of extra features compared to the Steam software.[9] Eurogamer's Thomas Morgan did not incur installation problems however commented negatively on the lack of options available for detecting monitor resolutions and audio output and the lack of games available natively on the operating system. He did, however, also respond positively to the user interface and called it "a positive start".[42] Since then, outlets such as Ars Technica have revisited the SteamOS since its initial debut, offering observations on the platform's growth, pros, and cons.[43] Both Falcon Northwest and Origin PC, computer manufacturers that were planning on offering Steam Machine hardware, opted to not ship a SteamOS-enabled machine in 2015 due to limitations of SteamOS over Windows; Falcon Northwest have said they will still consider shipping machines with SteamOS in the future if performance improves.[44][45] See also{{Portal bar|Video games|Free and open-source software|Linux}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://store.steampowered.com/steamos/|title=SteamOS|accessdate= December 12, 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web |url= http://uk.gamespot.com/news/valve-reveals-steam-machines-6414959 |title= Valve reveals Steam Machines |date= September 25, 2013 |accessdate= September 30, 2013 |first= Eddie |last= Makuch |work= GameSpot |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130930035955/http://uk.gamespot.com/news/valve-reveals-steam-machines-6414959 |archivedate= September 30, 2013 |df= mdy-all }} 3. ^{{cite web |url= http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57604206-93/valve-fires-up-steamos-its-bid-for-living-room-pc-gaming/ |title= Valve fires up SteamOS, its bid for living room PC gaming |date= September 23, 2013 |accessdate= September 28, 2013 |first= Nick |last= Statt |work=CNET}} 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.pcgamer.com/2013/09/24/steamos-the-pros-and-cons/ |title= The pros and cons of SteamOS |date= September 24, 2013 |accessdate= September 28, 2013 |first= Tyler |last= Wilde |work= PC Gamer}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24207129 |title= Valve announces SteamOS as it renews living room push |date= September 23, 2013 |accessdate= September 28, 2013 |first= Dave |last= Lee |work= BBC}} 6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.cnet.com/uk/news/valves-steam-machine-lineup-poses-massive-threat-to-gaming-status-quo/ |title= Valve's Steam Machine lineup poses massive threat to gaming status quo |date= January 7, 2014 |accessdate= April 25, 2014 |first= Nick |last= Statt |work= CNET}} 7. ^{{cite web |url= https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2013/12/valve-releases-steamos-beta-early-build-your-own-system-requirements/ |title= Valve releases SteamOS beta, early build-your-own system requirements |date= December 14, 2013 |accessdate= December 15, 2013 |first= Andrew |last= Cunningham |work= Ars Technica}} 8. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.engadget.com/2013/11/04/valve-steam-machine-hands-on/ |title= This is Valve's Steam Machine prototype and SteamOS (hands-on) |date= November 4, 2013 |accessdate= November 24, 2013 |first= Ben |last= Gilbert |work= Engadget}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/operating-systems/steamos-beta-1209037/review/ |title= Hands on: SteamOS Beta review |date= December 20, 2013 |accessdate= December 26, 2013 |first= Henry |last= Winchester |work= TechRadar}} 10. ^{{Cite journal |url = http://www.polygon.com/2014/1/6/5282530/steamos-now-supports-intel-graphics-out-of-the-box-amd-support-coming | title = SteamOS now supports Intel graphics out of the box, AMD support coming | publisher = Polygon | first = Jenna | last = Pitcher | date = January 6, 2014 | accessdate = January 6, 2014 |postscript = {{inconsistent citations}} }} 11. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.polygon.com/2014/1/9/5292772/steamos-update-adds-support-for-amd-graphics-cards | title = Valve updates SteamOS to add support for AMD cards | first = Samit | last = Sarkar | date = January 9, 2014 | accessdate = January 9, 2014 | publisher = Polygon }} 12. ^{{Cite web|title = By the beard of Zeus...Netflix on SteamOS via the native browser! :: Steam Universe|url = http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse/discussions/1/490123727976152466/|website = steamcommunity.com|accessdate = October 23, 2015}} 13. ^{{Cite web| url = http://store.steampowered.com/steamos/buildyourown | title = Build your own Steam Machine | publisher = Valve Corporation}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=SteamOS-159-NVIDIA-Drop |title=SteamOS 159 Drops Support For NVIDIA's Pre-Fermi Graphics Cards |author=Michael Larabel |date=May 6, 2015 |website=phoronix.com |publisher=Phoronix |access-date=May 9, 2015}} 15. ^{{Cite web|title = Steam Community :: Group :: Steam Universe|url = http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse/#announcements/detail/83663183294752597|website = steamcommunity.com|accessdate = October 23, 2015}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url = http://repo.steampowered.com/download|title = SteamOS Downloads|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = Valve|last = |first = }} 17. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.pcgamer.com/2013/09/16/gabe-newell-linux-and-open-source-are-the-future-of-gaming/ |title= Gabe Newell: "Linux and open source are the future of gaming" |date= September 16, 2013 |accessdate= September 25, 2013 |first= Perry |last= Vandell |work= PC Gamer}} 18. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.pcgamer.com/2013/09/20/three-big-valve-announcements-coming-next-week-probably-a-linux-based-steam-box/ |title= Three big Valve announcements coming next week, probably a Linux-based Steam Box |date= September 20, 2013 |accessdate= September 25, 2013 |work= PC Gamer |first= Tyler |last= Wilde}} 19. ^{{cite web |url= http://store.steampowered.com/livingroom/ |title= The Steam Universe is Expanding in 2014 |accessdate= September 25, 2013}} 20. ^{{cite web |url= http://uk.gamespot.com/news/valve-reveals-steamos-6414851 |title= Valve reveals SteamOS |date= September 23, 2013 |accessdate= September 25, 2013 |first= Eddie |last= Makuch |work= GameSpot |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130926171011/http://uk.gamespot.com/news/valve-reveals-steamos-6414851 |archivedate= September 26, 2013 |df= mdy-all }} 21. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.pcgamer.com/2013/09/23/valve-announces-steamos/ |title= SteamOS announced by Valve, a free operating system "available soon" for living room PCs |date= September 23, 2013 |accessdate= September 25, 2013 |work= PC Gamer}} 22. ^{{cite web |url= https://venturebeat.com/2013/10/10/valve-announces-steam-dev-days-to-give-studios-access-to-steam-os-steam-machines-and-steam-controller/ |title=Valve announces Steam Dev Days to give studios access to Steam OS, Steam Machines, and Steam Controller |date= October 10, 2013 |accessdate= October 18, 2013 |first= Jeffrey |last= Grubb |work= Venture Beat}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Nvidia announces GameWorks Program at Montreal 2013; supports SteamOS|publisher=NVIDIA|accessdate=October 29, 2013|year=2013|url=http://gearnuke.com/nvidia-announces-gameworks-program-montreal-2013-supports-steamos/}} 24. ^{{cite web |url= http://uk.ign.com/articles/2013/11/04/valve-will-not-make-exclusive-games-for-steamos |title= Valve Will Not Make Exclusive Games for SteamOS |date= November 4, 2013 |accessdate= November 8, 2013 |first= Andrew |last= Goldfarb |work= IGN}} 25. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.theverge.com/2013/12/11/5201030/steamos-will-be-available-to-download-on-december-13th |title= SteamOS will be available to download on December 13 |date= December 11, 2013 |accessdate= December 11, 2013 |first= Sean |last= Hollister |work= The Verge}} 26. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.pcgamer.com/2013/12/14/download-steamos/ |title= Download SteamOS now — Valve's free Linux-based operating system releases |date= December 14, 2013 |accessdate= December 15, 2013 |first= Tyler |last= Wilde |work= PC Gamer}} 27. ^{{Cite web|title = Valve wants the Steam community to build its own controllers|url = https://www.engadget.com/2015/10/15/valve-wants-the-steam-community-to-build-its-own-controllers/|website = Engadget|accessdate = October 23, 2015}} 28. ^{{Cite web|title = Valve's Steam Link: better than a 50-foot HDMI cable|url = https://www.engadget.com/2015/10/15/valves-steam-link-review/|website = Engadget|accessdate = October 23, 2015}} 29. ^{{Cite web|title = The Alienware Steam Machine: finally, a gaming PC for the living room|url = https://www.engadget.com/2015/10/15/alienware-steam-machine-review/|website = Engadget|accessdate = October 23, 2015}} 30. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/first-three-steam-machines-released-prices-and-spe/1100-6432187/ | title = First Three Steam Machines Released, Prices and Specs Detailed | work = GameSpot | date = November 11, 2015 | accessdate = November 11, 2015 | first = Rob | last = Crossley }} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3112692/linux/broken-promises-games-that-never-made-it-to-steamos-and-linux.html|title=Broken promises: Games that never made it to SteamOS and Linux|publisher=}} 32. ^{{Cite web|title = SteamOS FAQ|url = http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse/discussions/1/648814395741989999/|date= December 13, 2013|accessdate= February 19, 2016}} 33. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=steamos_windows8_linux&num=1 |title=SteamOS vs. Windows 8.1 NVIDIA Performance |date=December 16, 2013}} 34. ^{{cite web|last=Walton |first=Mark |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/how-to-install-steamos/1100-6417288/ |title=How To Install SteamOS |publisher=GameSpot |date=January 27, 2014 |accessdate=November 25, 2015}} 35. ^{{cite web|url = https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/11/ars-benchmarks-show-significant-performance-hit-for-steamos-gaming/|title = SteamOS gaming performs significantly worse than Windows, Ars analysis shows|first = Kyle|last = Orland|date = November 13, 2015|accessdate = November 16, 2015|work = Ars Technica }} 36. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.computerandvideogames.com/430557/steamos-is-amazing-news-says-minecraft-creator/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927090937/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/430557/steamos-is-amazing-news-says-minecraft-creator |archivedate=September 27, 2013 |title= SteamOS is 'amazing news', says Minecraft creator |date= September 23, 2013 |accessdate= October 19, 2013 |first= Mike |last= Jackson |work= CVG}} 37. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/gaming/news/a520996/valves-steamos-encouraging-for-indies-says-thomas-was-alone-creator.html |title= Valve's SteamOS "encouraging" for indies, says Thomas Was Alone creator |date= October 4, 2013 |accessdate= October 19, 2013 |work= Digital Spy |first= Ben |last= Lee}} 38. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.polygon.com/2013/10/12/4826190/linux-only-needs-one-killer-game-to-explode-says-battlefield-director |title= Linux only needs one 'killer' game to explode, says Battlefield director |date= October 12, 2013 |accessdate= October 19, 2013 |work= Polygon |first= Jenna |last= Pitcher}} 39. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.pcgamesn.com/totalwar/creative-assembly-confident-total-war-rome-ii-steamos-port-possible |title= Creative Assembly "confident" that Total War: Rome II SteamOS port is possible |date= October 9, 2013 |accessdate= October 19, 2013 |first= Jeremy |last= Peel |work=PCGamesN}} 40. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2013-09-30-steam-news-only-a-curiosity-without-a-must-buy-like-half-life-3-pitchford |title= Steam news only a "curiosity" without a must-buy like Half-Life 3 - Pitchford |date= September 30, 2013 |accessdate= October 19, 2013 |work= Gamesindustry |first= James |last= Brightman}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/nonfree-games.en.html|last=Stallman|first=Richard|work=GNU|accessdate=November 28, 2016|title=Nonfree DRM'd Games on GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?}} 42. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/digitalfoundry-hands-on-with-steam-os |title= Hands-on with SteamOS |date= December 19, 2013 |accessdate= December 26, 2013 |first= Thomas |last= Morgan |work= Eurogamer}} 43. ^{{Cite web|title = The state of Linux gaming in the SteamOS era|url = https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/02/the-state-of-linux-gaming-in-the-steamos-era/|website = Ars Technica|accessdate = October 23, 2015}} 44. ^{{cite web | url =https://venturebeat.com/2015/11/13/why-one-pc-maker-decided-not-to-ship-a-steam-machine-this-year/ | title = Why one PC maker decided not to ship a Steam Machine this year | work = Venture Beat | date = November 13, 2015 | accessdate = November 16, 2015 | first = Dean | last = Takahashi }} 45. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.gameinformer.com/themes/blogs/generic/post.aspx?WeblogApp=news&y=2015&m=11&d=11&WeblogPostName=origin-pc-decides-against-steam-os-for-its-steam-machines&GroupKeys= | title = Origin PC Decides Against Steam OS For Its Steam Machines | first = Mike | last= Futter | date = November 11, 2015 | accessdate = November 16, 2015 | work = Game Informer }} External links
5 : 2013 software|Debian-based distributions|Free software operating systems|Steam (software)|X86-64 Linux distributions |
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