词条 | The Park Estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| official_name = The Park | country= England | region= East Midlands | static_image_name = Park Tunnel, Nottingham - NG7 (geograph 2872827).jpg | static_image_width = | static_image_caption = The subterranean tunnel (known as The Park Tunnel) that extends from The Park Estate to the city centre stretch of Derby Road (A610). | static_image_alt = | os_grid_reference = SK5611339664 | coordinates = {{coord|52|57|04|N|1|09|53|W|display=inline,title}} | map_type= Nottinghamshire | population= 2,272 | population_ref= [1] | post_town= NOTTINGHAM | postcode_area= NG | postcode_district= NG7 | dial_code= 0115 | constituency_westminster= Nottingham South | shire_district= Nottingham | shire_county= Nottinghamshire The Park Estate is a private residential housing estate to the west of Nottingham city centre, England, noted for its Victorian architecture, although many of the houses have been altered, extended or converted into flats. The estate uses gas street lighting; believed to be one of the largest networks in Europe. HistoryThe first domestic building in the park was built in 1809. Built opposite the castle gatehouse, the building served as the vicarage to St. Mary's Church.[2] Despite much opposition from locals, who regarded the area as public land, major development began in the 1822 under the 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne who engaged the architect John Jephson. In 1825 he was replaced by Peter Frederick Robinson who published a plan for the park in 1827. The first houses appeared on Park Terrace around 1829 and by 1832 some 40-50 had been completed.[3] Development continued under the 5th Duke, who appointed architect Thomas Chambers Hine in 1854 to design many of the houses[4] and by 1859 houses were complete on Castle Grove, Lenton Road, Newcastle Drive and Clinton Terrace. Hine remained as the architect to the estate, even after the death of the 5th Duke in 1864, when the estate was managed by a trust. Many of the large villas were built for local wealthy industrialists and businessmen, who employed their own architects. The designs for all houses still had to be approved by Hine until he retired in 1891. By 1918 the estate was largely completed with 355 houses. By the mid 1930s the larger houses were proving difficult to sell. Many of the remaining leases were very short. St Heliers, the former home of Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent, which had been unoccupied for 10 years, and was reported as being in good condition, was sold by auction by Walker, Walton and Hanson on 15 June 1932. Originally costing some £6,000, Herbert Weightman of Wilford, a jobbing builder, bought the property for £7[5] ({{Inflation|UK|7|1932|r=0|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}).{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} The ground rent payable to the Newcastle Estate Office was £116 per year ({{Inflation|UK|116|1932|r=0|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}).{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} There were understood to be covenants in place preventing its demolition, but it was pulled down in 1936.[6] In 1938, the 8th Duke sold The Park to the Nuffield Trust who then sold it to Oxford University. Between 1940 and 1986 Oxford University sold the freeholds to the owners. The Park was designated a conservation area in 1969. In 1986 negotiations between The Park Residents Association and Oxford University Chest resulted in the ownership of the Estate being transferred to the newly formed Company: The Nottingham Park Estate Limited.[7] By 2007, all but about a dozen of the 355 original pre-1918 houses still existed, many without any significant external alterations.[3] ArchitectureThe following table lists the significant properties within the park estate.{{centre|}}
Planning constraintsThe Park is a conservation area with many of the buildings being listed. Planning submissions are subject to detailed planning regulations. Residential EstateAccessAccess to the estate for vehicles is restricted to three entrances - North Road (off Derby Road), Lenton Road (next to castle) and Peveril Drive (off Castle Boulevard) where registration with The Estate's ANPR system is required to operate the rising bollards. There are also two minor entrances - Barrack Lane (off Derby Road) and Newcastle Drive/Park Row (off The Ropewalk) - that provide access to selected parts of the estate (with a somewhat circuitous route to the rest of the estate), although Barrack Lane itself does not fall within The Park.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} There are several pedestrian/cycle entrances which are mostly gated, of which two are regularly locked at night. These are: Lenton Road (on to Park Road, Lenton); Lenton Road (next to Rock Drive: a steep walkway to Castle Boulevard); Fish Pond Drive (on to Castle Boulevard); Newcastle Drive (off Canning Circus) and The Park Tunnel which runs from Tunnel Road to Derby Road (near Budgens store) with a staircase halfway along to Upper College Street. There is a gated walkway from Pelham Crescent to Harlaxton Drive, Lenton which is currently locked from 11pm to 5am. {{citation needed|date=August 2013}} As of September 2009 the pedestrian gate between Lenton Road and Park Road, Lenton has been locked between the hours of 11pm and 5am. This is an attempt to reduce late night noise and anti-social behaviour taking place along Lenton Road which links student-dominated Lenton to the city centre.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} A public local inquiry to consider the legal status of Lenton Road and whether it should be added to the Definitive Map was held at Loxley House, Nottingham during 23–25 July 2013.[50] The Planning Inspector found in favour of the council. This resulted in the removal of the gate between Lenton Road and Park Road. Maintenance ArrangementsThe Park is a private estate, managed by Nottingham Park Estate Ltd, a company governed by Act of Parliament.[51] Living on the estate incurs both council tax and a local charge ('Park Rates'). The park rates cover maintenance of roads, pavements, the gas light network, the trees and the public green spaces. Residents previously received a reduced council tax bill due to these rates covering services which would usually provided by the council. However, the Park Estate rate is now paid in addition to the full council tax rate.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} Residents' AssociationThe Nottingham Park Residents' Association (NPRA) holds regular talks and hosts a number of events using the two green spaces in the middle of the estate. They also produce a twice yearly magazine which is delivered, free of charge, to every Park household.[52] In 2011 the NPRA hosted a street party on the day of the Royal Wedding, and, in 2012, a Diamond Jubilee Street Party. Other events include a picnic for young children based on the Teddy Bear picnic song, a Carol Service and Boule tournament. Every two years in June a number of the gardens are open to the public, with the proceeds being donated to local charities.[53] Neighbouring areas
References1. ^ 2. ^St. Mary's Parish Statement. St. Mary's PCC. 2003 3. ^1 {{cite report |author=Alan Mulcahy |author-link= |authors= |date=2007 |title=A Conservation Plan for the Park Estate |url= |publisher=Nottingham City Council |page= |docket= |access-date=19 April 2017 |quote= }} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenottinghamparkestateltd.co.uk/pages/1553/1/Heritage_and_Conservation.html|title=The Nottingham Park Estate Limited ::|website=www.thenottinghamparkestateltd.co.uk|access-date=2017-01-05}} 5. ^{{cite news |author= |title=£6,000 house for £7 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/19320616/007/0001 |newspaper=Nottingham Evening Post |location=England |date=16 June 1932 |access-date=24 April 2017 |via=British Newspaper Archive |subscription=yes }} 6. ^{{cite news |author= |title=The Lighter Side |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/19360907/031/0006 |newspaper=Nottingham Evening Post |location=England |date=7 September 1936 |access-date=27 April 2017 |via=British Newspaper Archive |subscription=yes }} 7. ^{{Cite legislation UK | type = act | year = 1990 | chapter = 14 | act = Nottingham Park Estate Act 1990}} 8. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1246305 |desc=62 and 64, Castle Boulevard |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 9. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1246754 |desc=1 and 2, Castle Grove |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 10. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1271165 |desc=3, Castle Grove |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 11. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1246811 |desc=5, Castle Grove |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 12. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1271187 |desc=Number 7 and attached archway |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 13. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1246775 |desc=Peveril Tower and attached gateway |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 14. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1247106 |desc=Park House |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 15. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1270776 |desc=Numbers 3 and 4 and attached external corridors |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 16. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1270736 |desc=Castle Rising (3) and attached area railings |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 17. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1254545 |desc=Castle Bank and attached boundary wall |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 18. ^{{cite book |last=Turner |first=Darren |date=2012 |title=Fothergill. A Catalogue of the Works of Watson Fothergill, Architect |url= |location= |publisher=Darren Turner |page= |isbn= |author-link= }} 19. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1270678 |desc=Fothergill House and attached boundary wall |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 20. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1254546 |desc=Park Estate Office |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 21. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1254792 |desc=Melvell House and attached Stable Block |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 22. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 {{cite book |last=Harwood |first=Elain |date=2008 |title=Pevsner Architectural Guides. Nottingham |url= |location= |publisher=Yale University Press|page= |isbn=9780300126662 |author-link= }} 23. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1254837 |desc=Walton House and attached boundary wall and lych gate |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 24. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1270628 |desc=East Lodge |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 25. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1254871 |desc=Tower House |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 26. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1254800 |desc=1 and 2 and attached area railings |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 27. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1270567 |desc=3 and 4 and attached area railings |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 28. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1270629 |desc=5 and 6 and attached area railings |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 29. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1254902 |desc=7 and 8 and attached area railings |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 30. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1254905 |desc=9 and 10 and attached area railings |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 31. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1254906 |desc=11 and 12, Park Terrace |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 32. ^1 2 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1059024 |desc=Numbers 15, 16 and 17 and attached railings and gateways |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 33. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1246305 |desc=Numbers 18, 19 and 20, and attached railings and retaining wall to Park Tunnel |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 34. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book |last=Brand |first=Ken |date=2003 |title=Thomas Chambers Hine. Architect of Victoria Nottingham |url= |location= |publisher=Nottingham Civic Society |page= |isbn=190244308X |author-link= }} 35. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1344949 |desc=Number 7 and attached boundary wall |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 36. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1059026 |desc=8 and 10, Park Valley |access-date=5 Feb 2019 |mode=cs2}} 37. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1059027 |desc=Number 15 and attached area railings |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 38. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1344950 |desc=Numbers 17 and 19 and attached area railings |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 39. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1059028 |desc=Numbers 21 and 23 and attached area Balustrades and Gate Piers |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 40. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1344951 |desc=Number 25 and attached Boundary Walls |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 41. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1270466 |desc=32 and 32A, The Ropewalk |access-date=24 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 42. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1254994 |desc=34, Ropewalk |access-date=24 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 43. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1254995 |desc=36, 37 and 38, Ropewalk |access-date=24 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 44. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1254996 |desc=40, Ropewalk |access-date=24 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 45. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1255170 |desc=Number 1 and attached boundary wall |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 46. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1255212 |desc=3 South Road |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 47. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1255254 |desc=Numbers 3 and 4 and attached railings and wall |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 48. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1255255 |desc=Numbers 5 and 6 and attached boundary wall |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 49. ^1 2 3 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1255256 |desc=7 to 10, Western Terrace |access-date=18 April 2017 |mode=cs2}} 50. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thisisnottingham.co.uk/Residents-waiting-Park-verdict-hearing-ends/story-19573399-detail/story.html|title=Residents waiting for Park verdict after hearing ends|work=Nottingham Evening Post|first=Tom|last=Norton|date=26 July 2013|accessdate=30 July 2013}}{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 51. ^The Nottingham Park Estate Act, 1990 52. ^{{Cite web|url=http://parknews.co.uk/|title=ParkNews – Website of Nottingham Park Residents Association|website=parknews.co.uk|access-date=2017-01-05}} 53. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.parkgardentrail.org|title=The Park Garden Trail|website=parkgardentrail.co.uk|access-date=2018-04-04}} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|Park Estate, Nottingham}}
2 : Nottingham|Areas of Nottingham |
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