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词条 Stephen Stepanian
释义

  1. Life

  2. Inventor of concrete mixing truck

  3. Notable patents

  4. References

Stephen Stepanian (February 28, 1882 – October 1964) (Armenian: Ստիվեն Ստեփանեան) was an Armenian American inventor and owner of numerous patents including the Elevator and Conveyor, Compound Tool, and the Wrench. He is also accredited as the inventor of a self-discharging motorized transit mixer that was the predecessor of the concrete mixer truck.[1][2][3] Stepanian is often called the "father of the ready-mix concrete industry."[4]

Life

Of Armenian descent, Stepanian moved to Grandview Heights, Ohio, in 1906.[5] He is credited with rescuing 13 people from a tree using a makeshift raft during the 1913 flood in Columbus, Ohio. They had been in the tree some 48 hours when Stepanian used a raft he made from floating timbers and a pole to navigate them, 2-3 at a time, to safety.[6] He resided on Glenn Avenue near Bluff. Stepanian became president of Marble Cliff Quarries and the Central Ohio Concrete Company. Eventually, Stepanian founded the Arrow Concrete Company, a company that is still in service today.[7] He was elected as an honorary member of the board of directors for the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association.[8]

Stepanian was honored by the 1954 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association annual convention which named him an honorary lifetime member.[7] In 2004, Stepanian was selected as one of the Top 100 Transportation Private Sector Professionals by the American Road and Transportation Builders Association.[7]

Inventor of concrete mixing truck

Stephen invented a self-discharging motorized transit mixer that was the predecessor of the concrete mixer truck and applied for a patent in 1916.[2] However, the patent was rejected in April 1917 by the patent office because it was believed that a truck could not support the weight of a concrete mixer on top of it.[5] The patent office also noted that there was no previous patenting information that proves integration was possible with both the mixer and the design of the truck.[7] Other sources suggest that the patent was rejected because Stepanian was not an American citizen.[2] However, on December 21, 1928, Stepanian reapplied for the patent and received approval on November 21, 1933.[15]

Notable patents

  • Wrench United States Patent No. 1,321,776, filing date: May 29, 1918, issue date: Nov. 11, 1919.[9]
  • Concrete Mixing and Transporting Vehicle United States Patent No. 1,935,922, filing date: Dec. 21, 1928, issue date: Nov. 21, 1933.[10]
  • Sample Display Holder United States Patent No. 1,730,439, filing date Apr. 24, 1926, issue date: Oct. 8, 1929.[11]
  • Compound Tool United States Patent No. 1,321,777, filing date: Feb. 24, 1919, issue date: Nov. 11, 1919.[12]
  • Elevator and Conveyor United States Patent No. 859,588, filing date: Sep. 9, 1904, issue date: Jul. 9, 1907.[13]
  • Building Apparatus United State Patent No. 2,440,920, filing date: Aug. 15, 1941, issue date: May 4, 1948.[14]
  • Garment United States Patent No. 1,997,703, filing date: April 7, 1933, issue date: April 16, 1935.[15]

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=READY MIXED CONCRETE: the first fifty years|url=http://www.concreteconstruction.net/images/Ready%20Mixed%20Concrete_%20The%20First%20Fifty%20Years_tcm45-348455.pdf|publisher=Concrete Construction|accessdate=27 February 2013|year=1962}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=D Q Campbell|first=Paul|title=Who invented the portable mixer anyway?|url=http://www.pdqcampbell.com/samples/J00C031.pdf|accessdate=27 February 2013}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Ready-Mixed Concrete|url=http://www.cement.org/basics/concreteproducts_readymix.asp|publisher=Cement.org|accessdate=27 February 2013|quote=In 1916, Stephen Stepanian of Columbus, Ohio, developed a self-discharging motorized transit mixer that is considered the predecessor of the modern ready-mixed concrete truck.}}
4. ^{{cite journal|title=Stephen Stepanian|journal=Concrete|year=1954|volume=62|page=89|editor1-first=Harvey|editor1-last=Whipple|publisher=Concrete-Cement Age Publishing Company|quote=When one starts to chronicle the story of ready-mixed concrete in the light of the development of the ready-mix trucks themselves, one must inevitably start with Stephen Stepanian, often called the father of the ready-mix industry.}}
5. ^1 {{cite book|last=Partamian|first=Stepan|title=Yes, we have: contributions of American-Armenians to the United States of America|year=2009|publisher=Armenian Arts Fund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbAlAQAAMAAJ&dq|edition=illustrated|accessdate=27 February 2013}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045487/1913-04-01/ed-1/seq-23/|title=The day book. (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, April 01, 1913, Image 23|date=1913-04-01|issn=2163-7121|access-date=2016-03-21}}
7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| last=Marsh| first=Don| title=Mixer Inventor Early Poster Child For Intellectual Property Laws| url=http://www.concreteproducts.com/index.php/equipment/trucks/4656.html| archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130408001423/http://www.concreteproducts.com/index.php/equipment/trucks/4656.html| archivedate=8 April 2013| accessdate=10 October 2013| date=1 May 2004| deadurl=yes| df=}}
8. ^{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the American Concrete Institute|year=1954|volume=25|page=15|publisher=American Concrete Institute}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Wrench|url=https://docs.google.com/a/google.com/viewer?url=www.google.com/patents/US1321776.pdf|publisher=Google Patents|accessdate=27 February 2013}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Concrete Mixing and Transporting Vehicle|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/1935922.pdf|publisher=FreePatentsOnline|accessdate=27 February 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Sample Display Holder|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/1730439.pdf|publisher=FreePatentsOnline|accessdate=27 February 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Compound Tool|url=https://docs.google.com/a/google.com/viewer?url=www.google.com/patents/US1321777.pdf|publisher=Google Patents|accessdate=27 February 2013}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Elevator and Conveyor|url=https://docs.google.com/a/google.com/viewer?url=www.google.com/patents/US859588.pdf|publisher=Google Patents|accessdate=27 February 2013}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Building Apparatus|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/2440920.pdf|publisher=FreePatentsOnline|accessdate=27 February 2013}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Garment|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/1997703.pdf|publisher=FreePatentsOnline|accessdate=27 February 2013}}

6 : American people of Armenian descent|Armenian inventors|1882 births|1964 deaths|People from Grandview Heights, Ohio|20th-century American inventors
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