| 词条 | St. John's Church, Tallinn |
| 释义 |
| icon = | icon_width = | icon_alt = | name = St John's Church | fullname = The Parish Church of Saint John the Evangelist | other name = | native_name = Jaani kirik | native_name_lang = | image = Columna de la Victoria de la Guerra de la Independencia, Tallinn, Estonia, 2012-08-05, DD 15.JPG | image_size = | alt = | caption = St John's Church and War of Independence Victory Column | pushpin map = | pushpin label position = | pushpin map alt = | pushpin mapsize = | relief = | map caption = | coordinates = | osgraw = | osgridref = | location = Tallinn | country = Estonia | denomination = Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church | previous denomination = | tradition = | religious institute = | churchmanship = | membership = | attendance = | website = [https://www.tallinnajaani.ee/ Church website] | former name = | bull date = | founded date = | founder = Cristoph August Gablerilt | dedication = John the Evangelist | dedicated date = | consecrated date = 17 December 1867 | cult = | relics = | events = | past bishop = | people = | status = Active | functional status = Parish Church | heritage designation = | designated date = | architect = Christoph August Gabler | architectural type = Church | style = Neo-Gothic | years built = 1862-1867 | groundbreaking = 8 September 1862 | completed date = | construction cost = | closed date = | demolished date = | capacity = | length = | width = | width nave = | height = | diameter = | other dimensions = | floor count = | floor area = | dome quantity = | dome height outer = | dome height inner = | dome dia outer = | dome dia inner = | spire quantity = 1 | spire height = | materials = | bells = | bells hung = | bell weight = | parish = | benefice = | deanery = | archdeaconry = | episcopalarea = | archdiocese = | metropolis = | diocese = Tallinn | province = | presbytery = | synod = | circuit = | district = | division = | subdivision = | archbishop = Urmas Viilma | bishop = | auxiliary bishop = | cardinal protector = | abbot = | prior = | subprior = | exarch = | provost-rector = | provost = | viceprovost = | rector = | vicar = | dean = | subdean = | archpriest = | precentor = | succentor = | chancellor = | canonchancellor = | canon = | canonpastor = | canonmissioner = | canontreasurer = | prebendary = | priestincharge = Jaan Tammsalu | priest = | asstpriest = | honpriest = | curate = | asstcurate = | nonstipendiaryminister = | minister = | assistant = | seniorpastor = | pastor = | chaplain = | archdeacon = | deacon = | deaconess = Annely Neame | reader = | student intern = | organistdom = | director = | organist = | organscholar = | chapterclerk = | laychapter = | warden = | verger = | businessmgr = | liturgycoord = | reledu = | rcia = | youthmin = | flowerguild = | musicgroup = | parishadmin = | serversguild = | sacristan = | logo = | logosize = | logolink = | logoalt = | embedded = }} St. John's Church ({{lang-et|Jaani kirik}}) is a large Lutheran parish church in Tallinn, Estonia. It is dedicated to Saint John the Evangelist, a disciple of Jesus Christ and author of the fourth Christian Gospel. Construction began in 1862, and the church was opened in 1867. HistoryFrom the time of the Reformation, Estonia's primary religious tradition has been Lutheranism, with a catholic polity, and episcopal government. The national church of Estonia is the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church, of which St John's is a parish church. The motivation for construction was the large size of the existing congregation at the neighbouring Holy Spirit parish church (sometimes translated 'Holy Ghost'), which by the mid-nineteenth century numbered more than 14,000 members.[1] Fundraising began in 1851 to provide a new parish church in the expanding suburbs of the 'new' town of Tallinn, at the lower level below the ancient hill-top city settlement (the Toompea). From September 1862 local craftsmen worked on construction, and the church was consecrated on 17 December 1867. ArchitectureThe church is built in the neo-Gothic style, with soaring lancet arches, and is a very large building, spanning three principal aisles, with a tall tower at the west end, topped with a decorative spire. There is a choir and chancel, a small semi-circular apse, and a large vestry. The church is built on the eastern edge of Freedom Square, Tallinn, and dominates the square, architecturally. The Master Mason and building supervisor was Carl Sensenberg, and the architect of the church was Christoph August Gabler (1820–1884), a native architect of the city.[2] Plans to demolish the church were proposed in both the 1930s and the 1950s by architects and planners who felt its style jarred with the other buildings of Freedom Square; local opposition prevented the planned demolition in both cases. Interior, decoration, and ornamentationThe church received many gifts at its consecration, including artworks, precious metals (chalices and alms dishes) and a bell. The church still attracts gifts of contemporary artworks, which include modern style embroidered church furnishings (altar frontals, superfrontals, and pulpit falls - unusually the pulpit wears two falls, as it has two pulpit lecterns, allowing the preacher to choose the appropriate direction to face when delivering his address), and contemporary stained glass. A modern stained glass window depiction of the Blessed Virgin Mary, located in the Lady Chapel, is matched by a window on the opposite side of the church depicting the church's patron saint, St John the Evangelist. The large altarpiece which dominates the east end of the church, depicting the Crucifixion, is by Professor Karl Gottlieb Wenig, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts, the same training institution as the church's architect, Gabler. External links
References1. ^See "St.John's Church, Tallinn", by Krista Kodres, privately published in Tallinn, page 1. {{Tallinn landmarks}}{{Churches in Tallinn}}{{coord|59|26|01|N|24|44|44|E|region:EE_type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Johns Church, Tallinn}}2. ^See [https://web.archive.org/web/20110423135331/http://www.tallinnajaani.ee/history.php this history] for details of the architect and builders. 7 : Churches completed in 1867|19th-century Lutheran churches|Churches in Tallinn|Religious organizations established in 1867|1867 establishments in the Russian Empire|1867 establishments in Estonia|Lutheran churches in Estonia |
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