| 词条 | Stories to Caution the World | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Jing Shi Tong Yan (警世通言, Stories to Caution the World) |author=Feng Menglong (editor) |country=Ming dynasty |language=Written Chinese |genre=Short story anthology |pub_date=1624 |preceded_by=Stories Old and New |followed_by=Stories to Awaken the World }} Jingshi Tongyan (警世通言, Stories to Caution the World) is the second of a trilogy of widely celebrated Ming dynasty (1368–1644) vernacular story collections, compiled and edited by Feng Menglong and published in 1624.[1] The first compilation, called Gujin Xiaoshuo (古今小説) (Stories Old and New), which is sometimes also referred to as Yushi Mingyan (喻世明言) (Stories to Enlighten the World or Illustrious Words to Instruct the World) was published in Suzhou in 1620. The third publication was called Xingshi hengyan (醒世恒言) (Stories to Awaken the World), and was published in 1627. These three collections, often referred to as Sanyan (三言, "Three Words") because of the character yan (言) found at the end of each title, each contain 40 stories. GenreJingshi Tongyan is considered to be a huaben (话本), that is, short novel or novella. The huaben genre has been around since the Song dynasty (960-1279). The huaben genre includes collections of short stories, like Jingshi Tongyan, historical stories, and even stories from Confucian classics. FormatThe format of Jingshi Tongyan follows the rest of the Sanyan, in that it contains 40 chapters, with each chapter being a different short story. Ling Mengchu, under the direct influence of Sanyan, wrote 2 more collections under the same format, known as Erpai (二拍). Together, sanyan and erpai is one of the greatest ancient Chinese vernacular literatures. VersionsThere are two surviving original versions of Jingshi Tongyan, one located in Japan, belonging to Waseda University, and one in Taiwan, located in the National Library in Taipei. Because this collection was banned by the Chinese government at some point, almost all of the original copies were burned. By the early 20th century, when the Republic of China emerged, this collection was already lost. It was not until a scholar from China visiting Japan in the 1930s discovered an original copy of the collection did Jingshi Tongyan becomes popular again. The scholar had taken pictures of each page of the book and brought back to China, where it was republished again. List of StoriesTranslated titles in this table mainly follow those by Shuhui Yang and Yunqin Yang in {{cite book|title=Stories to Caution the World: A Ming Dynasty Collection, Volume 2|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=2005|isbn=9780295985688}} Titles used by other translators are listed as bullet points.
PopularityJingshi Tongyan proved to be popular in China after its republication. Many of the stories from the collection were used as the basis of Chinese Opera in the 60s before the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Jingshi Tongyan also proved to be popular in Japan as well, where stories were taken and transformed into Japanese tales by changing the setting to Japan. Notes1. ^{{cite book|title=Desire and fictional narrative in late imperial China|author=Martin W. Huang|publisher=Harvard Univ Asia Center|year=2001|isbn=0-674-00513-9|page=63}} {{3Y2P}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Bishop|first=John Lyman|chapter=Wang An-shih Thrice Corners Su Tung-p'o|title=The Colloquial Short Stories in China: A Study of the San-Yen Collections|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1956}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Eight Colloquial Tales of the Sung, Thirteenth Century China|last=Yang|first=Richard F.S.|publisher=The China Post|year=1972}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Wang|first=Chi-chen|chapter=The Jade Kuanyin|title=Traditional Chinese Tales|year=1944|publisher=Columbia University Press}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Yang Hsien-yi|last2=Yang|first2=Gladys|author2-link=Gladys Yang|title=The Courtesan's Jewel Box: Chinese Stories of the Xth–XVIIth Centuries|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|year=1957}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Lung|first=Conrad|chapter="Artisan Ts'ui and His Ghost Wife"|pages=252–263|editor1-last=Ma|editor1-first=Y. W.|editor2-last=Lau|editor2-first=Joseph S. M.|title=Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations|year=1978|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=0231040598}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Dolby|first=William|chapter=Li Bai (Li Po), God in Exile, Drunken Drafts His 'Letter to Daunt the Barbarians'|title=The Perfect Lady by Mistake and Other Stories by Feng Menglong (1574–1646)|year=1976|publisher=P. Elek|isbn=0236400029}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Wieman|first=Earl|chapter="Loach Fan's Double Mirror"|pages=293–302|editor1-last=Ma|editor1-first=Y. W.|editor2-last=Lau|editor2-first=Joseph S. M.|title=Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations|year=1986|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=0887270719}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|last=Chang|first=H. C.|title=Chinese Literature: Popular Fiction and Drama|year=1973|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|chapter=The Clerk's Lady}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Yang Hsien-yi|last2=Yang|first2=Gladys|author2-link=Gladys Yang|title=Lazy Dragon: Chinese Stories from the Ming Dynasty|publisher=Joint Publishing|year=1981|isbn=9620401360}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Morgan T.|chapter="A Mangy Taoist Exorcises Ghosts"|pages=388–399|editor1-last=Ma|editor1-first=Y. W.|editor2-last=Lau|editor2-first=Joseph S. M.|title=Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations|year=1986|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=0887270719}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Lieu|first=Lorraine S. Y.|chapter="The Sung Founder Escorts Ching-niang One Thousand Li"|pages=58–76|editor1-last=Ma|editor1-first=Y. W.|editor2-last=Lau|editor2-first=Joseph S. M.|title=Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations|year=1978|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=0231040598|display-authors=etal}} 13. ^{{cite journal|title=The White Snake|journal=Chinese Literature|last=Yang Hsien-yi|last2=Yang|first2=Gladys|author2-link=Gladys Yang|date=July 1959|pages=103–139}} 14. ^{{cite book|last=Yu|first=Diana|chapter=Eternal Prisoner under the Thunder Peak Pagoda|pages=355–378|editor1-last=Ma|editor1-first=Y. W.|editor2-last=Lau|editor2-first=Joseph S. M.|title=Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations|year=1978|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=0231040598}} 15. ^{{cite book|last=Ho|first=Richard M. W.|chapter=Tu Shih-niang Sinks the Jewel Box in Anger|pages=146–160|editor1-last=Ma|editor1-first=Y. W.|editor2-last=Lau|editor2-first=Joseph S. M.|title=Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations|year=1978|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=0231040598}} 16. ^{{cite journal|last=Hsia|first=C. T.|author-link=C. T. Hsia|last2=Zonana|first2=Susan Arnold|title=The Case of the Dead Infant|journal=Renditions|issue=2|pages=53–64|date=Spring 1974}} 3 : Chinese short story collections|1624 books|Books by Feng Menglong |
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