释义 |
- Thermal expansion
- Notes
- References CRC CR2 LNG WEL
- See also
{{main|Thermal expansion}} Thermal expansion μm · m−1 · K−1 | 3 Li lithium |
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use | 46 | CRC | 46 | LNG | 46 | WEL | 46 | 4 Be beryllium |
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use | 11.3 | CRC | 11.3 | LNG | 11.3 | WEL | 11.3 | 5 B boron |
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use | 5–7 | LNG | 5–7 | WEL | 6 | 6 C carbon |
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use | WEL | 7.1 | 11 Na sodium |
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use | 71 | CRC | 71 | LNG | 71 | WEL | 71 | 12 Mg magnesium |
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use | 24.8 | CRC | 24.8 | LNG | 24.8 | WEL | 8.2 | 13 Al aluminium |
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use | 23.1 | CRC | 23.1 | LNG | 23.1 | WEL | 23.1 | 14 Si silicon |
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use | 2.6 | WEL | 2.6 | 19 K potassium |
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use | 83.3 | CRC | 83.3 | 20 Ca calcium |
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use | 22.3 | CRC | 22.3 | LNG | 22.3 | WEL | 22.3 | 21 Sc scandium |
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use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2 | CRC | 10.2 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.3 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2 | LNG | 10.2 | WEL | 10.2 | 22 Ti titanium |
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use | 8.6 | CRC | 8.6 | LNG | 8.6 | WEL | 8.6 | 23 V vanadium |
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use | 8.4 | CRC | 8.4 | LNG | 8.4 | WEL | 8.4 | 24 Cr chromium |
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use | 4.9 | CRC | 4.9 | LNG | 4.9 | WEL | 4.9 | 25 Mn manganese |
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use | 21.7 | CRC | 21.7 | LNG | 21.7 | WEL | 21.7 | 26 Fe iron |
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use | 11.8 | CRC | 11.8 | LNG | 11.8 | WEL | 11.8 | 27 Co cobalt |
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use | 13.0 | CRC | 13.0 | LNG | 13.0 | WEL | 13.0 | 28 Ni nickel |
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use | 13.4 | CRC | 13.4 | LNG | 13.4 | WEL | 13.4 | 29 Cu copper |
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use | 16.5 | CRC | 16.5 | LNG | 16.5 | WEL | 16.5 | 30 Zn zinc |
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use | 30.2 | CRC | 30.2 | LNG | 30.2 | WEL | 30.2 | 31 Ga gallium |
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use | CRC | 18[1] | LNG | (>30 C) ( liquid) 120 | WEL | (>30 C) (liquid) 120 | 32 Ge germanium |
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use | 6.0 | LNG | 6.0 | WEL | 6 | 34 Se selenium |
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use | (amorphous) 37 | LNG | (amorphous) 37 | 38 Sr strontium |
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use | 22.5 | CRC | 22.5 | LNG | 22.5 | WEL | 22.5 | 39 Y yttrium |
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use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6 | CRC | 10.6 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 6.0 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.7 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6 | LNG | 10.6 | WEL | 10.6 | 40 Zr zirconium |
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use | 5.7 | CRC | 5.7 | LNG | 5.7 | WEL | 5.7 | 41 Nb niobium |
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use | 7.3 | CRC | 7.3 | LNG | 7.3 | WEL | 7.3 | 42 Mo molybdenum |
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use | 4.8 | CRC | 4.8 | LNG | 4.8 | WEL | 4.8 | 44 Ru ruthenium |
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use | 6.4 | CRC | 6.4 | LNG | 6.4 | WEL | 6.4 | 45 Rh rhodium |
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use | 8.2 | CRC | 8.2 | LNG | 8.2 | WEL | 8.2 | 46 Pd palladium |
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use | 11.8 | CRC | 11.8 | LNG | 11.8 | WEL | 11.8 | 47 Ag silver |
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use | 18.9 | CRC | 18.9 | LNG | 18.9 | WEL | 18.9 | 48 Cd cadmium |
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use | 30.8 | CRC | 30.8 | LNG | 30.8 | WEL | 30.8 | 49 In indium |
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use | 32.1 | CRC | 32.1 | LNG | 32.1 | WEL | 32.1 | 50 Sn tin |
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use | 22.0 | CRC | 22.0 | LNG | 22.0 | WEL | 22 | 51 Sb antimony |
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use | 11.0 | CRC | 11.0 | LNG | 11.0 | WEL | 11 | 55 Cs caesium |
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use | 97 | CRC | 97 | 56 Ba barium |
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use | 20.6 | CRC | 20.6 | LNG | 20.6 | WEL | 20.6 | 57 La lanthanum |
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use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1 | CRC | 12.1 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 27.2 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1 | LNG | 12.1 | WEL | 12.1 | 58 Ce cerium |
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use | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3 | CRC | 6.3 | CR2 | (room temperature) (gamma, amorphous) 6.3 | CR2 | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3 | LNG | 6.3 | WEL | 6.3 | 59 Pr praseodymium |
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use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7 | CRC | 6.7 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 11.2 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7 | LNG | 6.7 | WEL | 6.7 | 60 Nd neodymium |
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use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6 | CRC | 9.6 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 13.5 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6 | LNG | 9.6 | WEL | 9.6 | 61 Pm promethium |
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use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11 | CRC | est. 11 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) est. 9 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) est. 16 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11 | LNG | est. 11 | WEL | 11 | 62 Sm samarium |
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use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7 | CRC | 12.7 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.6 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.0 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7 | LNG | 12.7 | WEL | 12.7 | 63 Eu europium |
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use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0 | CRC | 35.0 | CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 35.0 | CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0 | LNG | 35.0 | WEL | 35 | 64 Gd gadolinium |
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use | (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4 | CRC | (100 °C) 9.4 | CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, amorphous) 9.1 | CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, crystalline) 10.0 | CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4 | LNG | (100 °C) 9.4 | WEL | 9.4 | 65 Tb terbium |
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use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3 | CRC | 10.3 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.3 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 12.4 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3 | LNG | 10.3 | WEL | 10.3 | 66 Dy dysprosium |
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use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9 | CRC | 9.9 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.1 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.6 | CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9 | LNG | 9.9 | WEL | 9.9 | 67 Ho holmium |
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use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2 | CRC | 11.2 | CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.0 | CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 19.5 | CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2 | LNG | 11.2 | WEL | 11.2 | 68 Er erbium |
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use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2 | CRC | 12.2 | CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.9 | CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.9 | CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2 | LNG | 12.2 | WEL | 12.2 | 69 Tm thulium |
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use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3 | CRC | 13.3 | CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 8.8 | CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 22.2 | CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3 | LNG | 13.3 | WEL | 13.3 | 70 Yb ytterbium |
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use | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3 | CRC | 26.3 | CR2 | (room temperature) (beta, amorphous) 26.3 | CR2 | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3 | LNG | 26.3 | WEL | 26.3 | 71 Lu lutetium |
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use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9 | CRC | 9.9 | CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 4.8 | CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.0 | CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9 | LNG | 9.9 | WEL | 9.9 | 72 Hf hafnium |
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use | 5.9 | CRC | 5.9 | LNG | 5.9 | WEL | 5.9 | 73 Ta tantalum |
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use | 6.3 | CRC | 6.3 | LNG | 6.3 | WEL | 6.3 | 74 W tungsten |
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use | 4.5 | CRC | 4.5 | LNG | 4.5 | WEL | 4.5 | 75 Re rhenium |
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use | 6.2 | CRC | 6.2 | LNG | 6.2 | WEL | 6.2 | 76 Os osmium |
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use | 5.1 | CRC | 5.1 | LNG | 5.1 | WEL | 5.1 | 77 Ir iridium |
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use | 6.4 | CRC | 6.4 | LNG | 6.4 | WEL | 6.4 | 78 Pt platinum |
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use | 8.8 | CRC | 8.8 | LNG | 8.8 | WEL | 8.8 | 79 Au gold |
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use | 14.2 | CRC | 14.2 | LNG | 14.2 | WEL | 14.2 | 80 Hg mercury |
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use | 60.4 | CRC | 60.4 | 81 Tl thallium |
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use | 29.9 | CRC | 29.9 | LNG | 29.9 | WEL | 29.9 | 82 Pb lead |
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use | 28.9 | CRC | 28.9 | LNG | 28.9 | WEL | 28.9 | 83 Bi bismuth |
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use | 13.4 | CRC | 13.4 | LNG | 13.4 | WEL | 13.4 | 84 Po polonium |
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use | 23.5 | CRC | 23.5 | 90 Th thorium |
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use | 11.0 | CRC | 11.0 | LNG | 11.1 | WEL | 11.0 | 92 U uranium |
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use | 13.9 | CRC | 13.9 | LNG | 13.9 | WEL | 13.9 | 94 Pu plutonium |
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use | 46.7 | CRC | 46.7 | LNG | 46.7 |
Notes All values refer to 25 °C unless noted. References 1. ^The value is highly anisotropic and temperature dependent, see {{cite book|author=Fred Rosebury|title=Handbook of Electron Tube and Vacuum Techniques|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBmnnaODnHgC&pg=PA26|date=1992|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-56396-121-2|page=26}}
CRCAs quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals - Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, IFI/Plenum, New York, 1975.
CR2As quoted in an online version of: - David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals
which further refers to: - Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
- McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.
LNGAs quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements - Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, Plenum, New York, 1975.
WELAs quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources: - D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
- G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
- J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.
See also {{Navbox elements data}}{{Navbox periodic table}} 2 : Properties of chemical elements|Chemical element data pages |