| 词条 | Strike wave of 1945–46 |
| 释义 |
The strike wave of 1945–1946 (also called the great strike wave of 1946)[1] was a series of massive post-war labor strikes from 1945 to 1946 spanning numerous industries and public utilities. In the year after V-J Day, more than five million American workers were involved in strikes, which lasted on average four times longer than those during the war.[2] They were the largest strikes in American labor history.[3][4] BackgroundThroughout the Second World War, the National War Labor Board gave trade unions the responsibility for maintaining labor discipline in exchange for closed membership. This led to acquiescence on the part of labor leaders to businesses and various wildcat strikes on the part of the workers. Often the strikes were against work discipline, In a study done by Jerome F. Scott and George C. Homans of 118 strikes in Detroit from 1944–45, only four were for wages, the rest were for discipline, company policies or firings. The strikesAfter the war, wages fell across the board,{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} leading to large strikes. Strikes in 1945 included:
In 1946, strikes increased:
Others included strikes of railroad workers and "general strikes in Lancaster, Pennsylvania; Stamford, Connecticut; Rochester, New York; and Oakland, California. In total, 4.3 million workers participated in the strikes. According to Jeremy Brecher, they were "the closest thing to a national general strike of industry in the twentieth century." AftermathIn 1947, Congress responded to the strike wave by passing, over President Truman's veto, the Taft-Hartley Act, restricting the powers and activities of labor unions. The act is still in force as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}. See also{{portal|1940s|Organized labor|United States}}
References1. ^{{cite book |year=2003|url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511572371&cid=CBO9780511572371A010|title=Labor's Struggles, 1945-1950: A Participant's View|publisher=Cambridge University Press|last1=Richter|first1=Irving|last2=Montgomery|first2=Montgomery}} {{Organized labor}}2. ^{{cite book |last=Cochran|first= Bert|title=Labor and Communism: The Conflict That Shaped American Unions|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1979}} 3. ^{{cite book |year=1997|url=http://www.prole.info/texts/strike_wwii.html|title=Strike!|publisher=South End Press|last=Brecher|first=Jeremy}} 4. ^"From Class War to Cold War",John Newsinger 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Universal Newsreels|title=Rail Strike Paralyzes Entire U.S.|url=https://archive.org/details/1946-05-23_Rail_Strike_Paralyzes_Entire_US|website=archive.org|publisher=Internet Archive|accessdate=22 December 2014}} 6. ^{{cite news|last1=Denson|first1=John|title='Run Trains or Army Will - Today!' - Truman|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qUsaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2gwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7312,1898300&dq=truman+address+text+strike&hl=en|accessdate=22 December 2014|work=Milwaukee Sentinel|issue=Final|date=May 25, 1946}} 7. ^http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/chronology/chronology_driver.pl?searchtype=ybrowse;year=1946;start_line=45 External links
4 : General strikes|Labor disputes in the United States|1945 in the United States|1946 in the United States |
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