| 词条 | Stroubles Creek |
| 释义 |
| name = Stroubles Creek | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | image = Stroubles Creek 1.jpg | image_size = 300px | image_caption = Stroubles Creek just upstream of the Virginia Tech Duck Pond | image_alt = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = City | subdivision_name2 = Blacksburg, Virginia | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth_location = New River | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|37.1903|-80.5275|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1700|ft|m}} | altitude_difference= | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|22.4|mi2|km2}} | basin_cities = | basin_landmarks = Virginia Tech | basin_population = | length = {{convert|12|mi|km}}[1] | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | tributaries_left = Slate Branch | tributaries_right = Walls Branch | waterbodies = Virginia Tech Duck Pond | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}Stroubles Creek is an approximately {{convert|12|mi|km|-long|adj=mid}}[1] stream that runs through the town of Blacksburg, the Virginia Tech campus, and Montgomery County, Virginia until it empties into the New River. Most of the sections of Stroubles Creek that flow through Blacksburg and the Virginia Tech campus are piped underground, while the portion that flows through Montgomery County is above-ground. Stroubles Creek has been designated an impaired waterway since 2002.[1] Physical characteristicsStreamStroubles Creek flows into the New River, which then flows into the Kanawha River, the Ohio River, the Mississippi River, and finally the Gulf of Mexico. There are two branches that merge at the Virginia Tech Duck Pond: the Main Branch and the Webb Branch.[1] Downstream of the Duck Pond, many tributary streams flow into Stroubles Creek, including Slate Branch and Walls Branch.[2] WatershedThe Stroubles Creek watershed, a subwatershed of the New River watershed, is {{convert|22.4|mi2|km2}}. The Stroubles Creek watershed is further divided into an upper and a lower watershed, with the Virginia Tech Duck Pond acting as a divider between the two. The Upper Stroubles Creek watershed is approximately {{convert|3|mi2|km2}}, and it is heavily impacted by urbanization in Blacksburg and on the Virginia Tech campus. The Lower Stroubles Creek watershed includes some urbanized areas on the western side of the Virginia Tech campus, but then it flows mostly through rural lands until it reaches the New River. The watershed is located in karst terrain, with limestone formations, sinkholes, and natural springs.[1] The stream bed is made up of cobbles and pebbles with alluvia-floodplain deposits (stratified unconsolidated silt, clay, and sand with lenses).[3] HistoryEuropean settlers first moved into the Stroubles Creek area in the 1740s. It acted as a water source for the settlers, although today the New River is used as the water source for the area. In 1798, the town of Blacksburg was founded in the upper Stroubles Creek watershed. In 1851, the Preston and Olin Institute was opened, which would later become Virginia Tech.[4] In 1937, Virginia Tech's Drillfield was constructed, which resulted in the main branch of Stroubles Creek being culverted underground.[5] The Virginia Tech Duck Pond was also created at this time when a dam was constructed where the two branches merged.[1] Pollution incidentsThe Stroubles Creek watershed has experienced pollution going back to the 1800s. From the 19th century to the 1930s, coal mining wastewater contaminated the watershed. From 1970 to 1978, chemical waste from the Virginia Tech chemistry labs was discharged directly into the Duck Pond. In 1985, kerosene was spilled into the Duck Pond.[6] And in 2006, {{convert|50|to|80|USgal|l}} of fuel oil were spilled into the stream from a local hardware store's {{convert|275|USgal|l|adj=on}} above-ground storage tank.[1] In the 1970s, the Clean Water Act prompted the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to monitor the lower portion of the stream downstream of the Duck Pond. The DEQ classified lower Stroubles Creek as benthically impaired in 1996 and 1998.[7] In 2002, Stroubles Creek was included as an impaired waterway in the Virginia total maximum daily load (TMDL) list of impaired waterways. The Virginia Tech Department of Biological Systems Engineering (BSE) conducted a study on the stream in 2003,[8] and a TMDL implementation plan was completed in 2006 by the Center for TMDL and Watershed Studies through the BSE department.[9] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|last=Parece|first=T.|author2=DiBetitto, S.|author3=Sprague, T.|author4=Younos, T.|title=The Stroubles Creek watershed: History of development and chronicles of research|year=2010|url=http://vwrrc.vt.edu/pdfs/specialreports/sr48_stroubles_creek_final.pdf|publisher=Virginia Water Resources Research Center|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603065719/http://www.vwrrc.vt.edu/pdfs/specialreports/sr48_stroubles_creek_final.pdf|archivedate=2010-06-03|df=}} 2. ^{{Cite map |publisher= OpenStreetMap |title= OpenStreetMap |url=http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=13/37.2060/-80.4474 |author=OpenStreetMap contributors |access-date=June 30, 2016}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Younos|first=T.|author2=J.L. Walker |title=Evaluation of Biological Assessment Data and Protocols for TMDL Reports: Universities' Contribution to TMDL Program Development, Water Resources Update|journal=Universities Council on Water Resources|year=2002|volume=120|pages=47–54}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Hedgepeth|first=R |author2=J.I. Robertson |author3=C.B. Cox |author4=W. McElfresh |author5=P.Wallenstein |author6=D.H.Bodell|title=Blacksburg, Virginia: A Special Place for Two Hundred Years|year=1998|publisher=Town of Blacksburg, Virginia|location=Blacksburg, Virginia|display-authors=etal}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=VPI Will Have Big Drill Field|newspaper=The Roanoke Times|date=October 4, 1928}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last=Knocke|first=W.R.|title=Assessment of Pollutant Loads to the Virginia Tech Duck Pond|journal=Unpublished Compilation of Student Reports|year=1985|publisher=Virginia Polytechnic Institute}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Commonwealth of Virginia|title=Virginia 303(d) Total Maximum Daily Load Priority List and Report|year=1998|publisher=Department of Environmental Quality|location=Richmond, Virginia}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite report|last=Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech|title=Benthic TMDL for Stroubles Creek in Montgomery County, Virginia|year=2003|url=http://www.deq.virginia.gov/portals/0/DEQ/Water/TMDL/apptmdls/newrvr/stroub.pdf|publisher=Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation|location=Richmond, Virginia}} 9. ^{{cite journal|author=Stroubles Creek Steering Committee|author2=Biological Systems Engineering and Virginia Water Resources Research Center|title=Upper Stroubles Creek Watershed TMDL Implementation Plan|year=2006|location=Montgomery County, Virginia|id=VT-BSE Document No. 2005-0013}} External links{{commons category}}
3 : Virginia Tech|Rivers of Virginia|Rivers of Montgomery County, Virginia |
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