| 词条 | Sulfoxaflor |
| 释义 |
| Watchedfields = | verifiedrevid = | Reference = | ImageFile =sulfoxaflor.svg | IUPACName=[Methyl(oxo){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl}-λ6-sulfanylidene]cyanamide | OtherNames= |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo=946578-00-3 | PubChem = 16723172 | ChemSpiderID = 17626728 | SMILES = CC(c1ccc(nc1)C(F)(F)F)S(=NC#N)(=O)C | StdInChI = 1S/C10H10F3N3OS/c1-7(18(2,17)16-6-14)8-3-4-9(15-5-8)10(11,12)13/h3-5,7H,1-2H3 | StdInChIKey = ZVQOOHYFBIDMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 133305 }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=10 | H=10 | F=3 | N=3 | O=1 | S=1 | Appearance= | Density= | MeltingPt= | BoilingPt= | Solubility= |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards= | FlashPt= | AutoignitionPt = }} Sulfoxaflor is a systemic insecticide which acts as an insect neurotoxin and is a member of a class of chemicals called sulfoximines which act on the central nervous system of insects. Mode of actionSulfoxaflor is classified for use against sap-feeding insects as a sulfoximine, which is a sub-group of insecticides that act as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators.[1][2] Sulfoxaflor binds to nAChRs in place of acetylcholine. Sulfoxaflor binding causes uncontrolled nerve impulses resulting in muscle tremors followed by paralysis and death.[1] Other nAChR competitive modulator sub-groups that bind differently on the receptor than sulfoximines include neonicotinoids, nicotine, and butenolides.[3][1][4] Because sulfoxaflor binds much more strongly to insect neuron receptors than to mammal neuron receptors, this insecticide is selectively more toxic to insects than mammals.[5] Non-target effectsApplication is only recommended when pollinators are not likely to be present in an area as sulfoxaflor is highly toxic to bees if they come into contact with spray droplets shortly after application; toxicity is reduced after the spray has dried.[2] RegistrationOn May 6, 2013, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved the first two commercial pesticide products that contain sulfoxaflor, marketed under the brand names "Transform" and "Closer", to the Dow Chemical Corporation. On September 10, 2015 the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the EPA's approval of sulfoxaflor, citing insufficient evidence from studies regarding bee health to justify how sulfoxaflor was approved.[6][4] Beekeepers and environmental groups supported the decision, saying that the EPA must assess the health of entire hives, not just individual bees.[7] On October 14, 2016, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved new registrations for sulfoxaflor, "Transform" and "Closer", to the Dow Chemical Corporation. Sulfoxaflor is currently registered in 47 countries, including US, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, India, China and Australia.[8] The registration of Closer and Transform in France was overturned by a court decision in November, 2017. [9] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal | doi = 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153645 | title=Neuroactive insecticides: targets, selectivity, resistance, and secondary Effects | journal=Annual Review of Entomology | date=2013 | volume=58 | pages=99–117 | first1=J.E. | last1=Casida|first2=K.A.|last2=Durkin | pmid=23317040}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.mda.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/inline-files/nair-sulfoxaflor.pdf|title=Sulfoxaflor}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme|url=http://www.irac-online.org/documents/moa-classification}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2015/09/court-rejects-us-approval-sulfoxaflor-pesticide|title=Court rejects US approval of sulfoxaflor pesticide|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |date=2015-09-16 |accessdate=2015-09-17}} 5. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112731 | title=Selective toxicity of neonicotinoids attributable to specificity of insect and mammalian nicotinic receptors | journal=Annual Review of Entomology | date=2003 | volume=48 | pages=339–64 |first1=M.|last1=Tomizawa|first2=J.E.|last2=Casida | pmid=12208819}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-bees-insecticide-20150910-story.html |title=Court revokes approval of insecticide, citing 'alarming' decline in bees |publisher=LA Times |date=2015-09-10 |accessdate=2015-09-14}} 7. ^{{cite news |last=Philpott |first=Tom |date=11 September 2015 |title=Federal Court to EPA: No, You Can’t Approve This Pesticide That Kills Bees |url=https://www.motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2015/09/federal-court-nixes-epa-approval-pesticide-known-be-highly-toxic-honey-bees |newspaper=Mother Jones |location= |access-date=19 September 2015}} 8. ^https://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/pesticides/f?p=105:6:::NO::P6_XCHEMICAL_ID:3967 9. ^https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-pesticides/french-court-suspends-two-dow-pesticides-over-potential-harm-to-bees-idUSKBN1DO1M9 External links
5 : Insecticides|Pyridines|Trifluoromethyl compounds|Nitriles|Sulfoximines |
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