| 词条 | The Sleeping Beauty (ballet) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Sleeping Beauty ({{lang-ru|Спящая красавица}} / Spyashaya krasavitsa) is a ballet in a prologue and three acts, first performed in 1890. The music was composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (his opus 66). The score was completed in 1889, and is the second of his three ballets. The original scenario was conceived by Ivan Vsevolozhsky, and is based on Charles Perrault's La Belle au bois dormant. The choreographer of the original production was Marius Petipa. The premiere performance took place at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg on January 15, 1890. The work has become one of the classical repertoire's most famous ballets.[1] HistoryComposition historyTchaikovsky was approached by the Director of the Imperial Theatres in St. Petersburg, Ivan Vsevolozhsky on 25 May 1888 about a possible ballet adaptation on the subject of the story of Undine. It was later decided that Charles Perrault's La Belle au bois dormant would be the story for which Tchaikovsky would compose the music for the ballet. Tchaikovsky did not hesitate to accept the commission, although he was aware that his only previous ballet, Swan Lake, met with little enthusiasm at that stage of his career. The ballet scenario that Tchaikovsky worked on was based on the Brothers Grimm's version of Perrault's work entitled 'Dornröschen'. In that version, the Princess's parents (the King and the Queen) survived the 100-year sleep to celebrate the Princess's wedding to the Prince. However, Vsevolozhsky incorporated Perrault's other characters from his stories into the ballet, such as Puss in Boots, Little Red Riding Hood, Cinderella, Bluebird, Bluebeard, Ricky of the Tuft and Tom Thumb. Other French fairy tale characters to be featured are Beauty and the Beast, Pretty Goldilocks and The White Cat. Regardless, Tchaikovsky was happy to inform the Director of the Imperial Theatre that he had great pleasure studying the work and had come away with adequate inspiration to do it justice.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} The choreographer was Marius Petipa, ballet master of the Imperial Ballet, who wrote a very detailed list of instructions as to the musical requirements. Tchaikovsky worked quickly on the new work at Frolovskoye; he began initial sketches in the winter of 1888 and began orchestration on the work on 30 May 1889. The ballet's focus was undeniably on the two main conflicting forces of good (the Lilac Fairy) and evil (Carabosse); each has a leitmotif representing them, which run through the entire ballet, serving as an important thread to the underlying plot. Act III of the work, however, takes a complete break from the two motifs and instead places focus on the individual characters of the various court dances. Performance historySt. Petersburg premiere (world premiere)
Roles and original cast
The ballet's premiere received more favorable accolades than Swan Lake from the press but Tchaikovsky never had the luxury of being able to witness his work become an instant success in theatres outside of Russia. He died in 1893. By 1903, The Sleeping Beauty was the second most popular ballet in the repertory of the Imperial Ballet (the Petipa/Pugni The Pharaoh's Daughter was first), having been performed 200 times in only 10 years. A production mounted at the La Scala in Milan did not arouse much interest and it was not until 1921 that, in London, the ballet finally gained wide acclaim and eventually a permanent place in the classical repertoire. In 1999, the Mariinsky Ballet reconstructed the original 1899 production, including reproductions of the original sets and costumes. Although the 1951 Kirov production by Konstantin Sergeyev is available on DVD/Video, the 1999 "authentic" version, while never commercially released, can be found on YouTube in varying quality. The Sleeping Beauty is Tchaikovsky's longest ballet, lasting nearly four hours at full length (counting the intermissions). The complete score runs practically 3 hours. It is nearly always cut. At the premiere, Tsar Alexander III summoned Tchaikovsky to the imperial box. The Tsar made the simple remark 'Very nice,' which seemed to have irritated Tchaikovsky, who had likely expected a more favorable response.[5] Instrumentation
RolesThe Royal Court:
The Fairies:
The Four Suitors:
The Prince's Hunting Party:
Fairy-Tale Characters:
SynopsisSetting
Prologue (The Christening) Act I (The Spell) Act II (The Vision)
The royal wedding is underway. Guests include the Jewel Fairies: Diamond, Gold, Silver and Sapphire, and of course the Lilac Fairy.[13] Fairytale characters are in attendance, including Puss in Boots and The White Cat,[14] Princess Florine and the Bluebird,[15] and others. Aurora and Désiré perform a grand Pas de Deux,[16][17] and the entire ensemble dances. The prince and princess are married, with the Lilac Fairy blessing the union. StructureTitles of all of the numbers listed here come from Marius Petipa's original scenario, as well as the original libretto and programs of the first production of 1890. Major changes which were made to the score for Petipa's original production are mentioned, and help explain why the score is often heard in different versions in theatres today. {{citation needed|date=April 2016}} All libretti and programs of works performed on the stages of the Imperial Theatres were titled in French, which was the official language of the Emperor's Court, as well as the language in which balletic terminology is derived. Prologue — Le baptême de la Princesse AuroreNo.1-a Introduction No.1-b Marche de salon No.2-a Entrée des fées No.2-b Scène dansante No.3 Grand pas d'ensemble (a.k.a. Pas de six) — a. Grand adage. Petit allégro b. Variation - Candide c. Variation - Coulante–Fleur de farine d. Variation - Miettes–qui tombent (a.k.a. breadcrumb) e. Variation - Canari–qui chante f. Variation - Violente–échevelée g. Variation - La Fée des lilas–voluptueuse h. Coda générale No.4 Scène et final— a. Entrée de Carabosse b. Scène mimique de Carabosse Act I — Les quatre fiancés de la Princesse Aurorec. Scène mimique de la Fée des lilas No.5-a Introduction No.5-b Scène des tricoteuses No.6 Grande valse villageoise (a.k.a. The Garland Waltz) No.7 Entrée d'Aurore No.8 Grand pas d'action— a. Grand adage à la rose (opening harp cadenza possibly extended by either the harpist Albert Heinrich Zabel or Riccardo Drigo) b. Danse des demoiselles d'honneur et des pages c. Variation d'Aurore (coda edited by an unknown hand, possibly Riccardo Drigo) d. Coda No.9 Scène et final— a. Danse d'Aurore avec le fuseau b. Le charme Act IIc. L'arrivée de la Fée des lilas Scene I — La chasse du Prince Désiré No.10-a Entr'acte No.10-b Scène de la chasse royale No.11 Colin-Maillard No.12 Danses des demoiselles nobles— a. Scène b. Danse des duchesses c. Danse des baronesses (likely cut by Petipa from the original production) d. Danse des comtesses (likely cut by Petipa from the original production) e. Danse des marquises (likely cut by Petipa from the original production) No.13 Coda–Farandole No.14-a Scène et départ des chasseurs No.14-b Entrée de la Fée des lilas No.15 Pas d'action— a. Entrée de l'apparition d'Aurore b. Grand adage (opening harp cadenza possibly extended by either the harpist Albert Heinrich Zabel or Riccardo Drigo) c. Valse des nymphes–Petit allégro coquet
d. Variation d'Aurore (cut by Petipa from the original production) e. Petite coda No.16 Scène No.17 Panorama
No.18 Entr'acte symphonique (solo for violin with light orchestral accompaniment, composed for Leopold Auer, cut from the original production) Scene II — Le château de la belle au bois dormant No.19 Scène du château de sommeil No.20 Scène et final – Le réveil d'AuroreAct III — Les Noces de Désiré et d'Aurore No.21 Marche No.22 Grand polonaise dansée (a.k.a. The Procession of the Fairy Tales) Grand divertissement— No.23 Pas de quatre a. Entrée b. Variation de la fée-Or (transferred by Petipa to Act II as a variation for Carlotta Brianza in the original production) c. Variation de la fée-Argent (changed by Petipa in the original production – Pas de trois pour la Fées d'Or, d'Argent et de Saphir) d. Variation de la fée-Saphir (cut by Petipa from the original production) e. Variation de la fée-Diamant f. Coda
No.24 Pas de caractère – Le Chat botté et la Chatte blanche No.25 Pas de quatre (changed by Petipa in the original production – Pas de deux de l'Oiseau bleu et la Princesse Florine) a. Entrée b. Variation de Cendrillon et Prince Fortuné (changed by Petipa in the original production – Variation de l'Oiseau bleu) c. Variation de l'Oiseau bleu la Princesse Florine (changed by Petipa in the original production – Variation de la Princesse Florine) d. Coda No.26 Pas de caractère – Chaperon Rouge et le Loup
No.27 Pas berrichon – Le Petit Poucet, ses frères et l'Ogre No.28 Grand pas de quatre (originally arranged by Petipa as a Pas de quatre for the Princess Aurora, Prince Désiré and the Gold and Sapphire Fairies) a. Entrée (only the first eight bars were retained) b. Grand adage
c. Variation du Prince Désiré d. Variation d'Aurore — Mlle. Brianza (edited by Riccardo Drigo for the original production at Petipa's request) e. Coda No.29 Sarabande – quadrille pour Turcs, Éthiopiens, Africains et Américains No.30-a Coda générale No.30-b Apothéose – Helios en costume de Louis XIV, éclairé par le soleil entouré des fées (music based on Marche Henri IV) Versions by other handsPiano arrangementsIn 1890, Alexander Siloti was approached to arrange the music for piano duet. He declined, but suggested his then 17-year-old cousin Sergei Rachmaninoff would be more than competent. This offer was accepted, although Siloti supervised the arrangement. {{citation needed|date=April 2016}} Rachmaninoff himself arranged the entire score for piano solo. Aurora's Wedding by Sergei DiaghilevIn 1922, ballet impresario Sergei Diaghilev arranged a 45-minute version of the final act for his Ballets Russes, entitled Aurora's Wedding. This abridged version has been recorded by conductor Leopold Stokowski, in one of his last performances, and by Charles Dutoit. {{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The adaptation takes material from the Act I Introduction of the ballet and combines it with most of the final act, as well as other sections. The selections in this version are listed as follows: {{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
Bluebird Pas de DeuxIgor Stravinsky also re-scored a small segment in Act III for large ensemble. It was entitled Bluebird Pas de Deux, and was used in a ballet by Lucia Chase in 1941. Trademark controversyThe Walt Disney Company has registered a trademark with the US Patent and Trademark Office, filed 13 March 2007, for the name "Princess Aurora" that covers production and distribution of motion picture films; production of television programs; production of sound and video recordings.[18] Some suggest that this may limit the ability to perform this ballet, from which Disney acquired some of the music for its animated 1959 film Sleeping Beauty.[19] References1. ^Roger Fiske (1973): Eulenberg Edition, Foreword to the complete score of the ballet: "On 2 Feb 1939 Sadler’s Wells presented the ballet in London with Margot Fonteyn in the title role... This was the first successful production outside Russia, and it led to The Sleeping Beauty becoming extremely popular in all countries where classical ballet is cultivated. . . The way in which he developed his themes and the lavish originality with which he scored the music raised his ballets far above those his predecessors had composed." 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rohcollections.org.uk/work.aspx?work=1344|title=The Sleeping Beauty|work=Collections Online|publisher=Royal Opera House|accessdate=9 April 2016}} 3. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/20/arts/review-ballet-san-francisco-sleeping-beauty-underlines-russian-influences.html "Review/Ballet; San Francisco 'Sleeping Beauty' Underlines Russian Influences"]. Retrieved November 27, 2013. New York Times / Anna Kisselgoff, March 20, 1990 4. ^1 {{cite book | last = Brillarelli | first = Livia | title = Cecchetti A Ballet Dynasty | publisher = Dance Collection Danse Educational Publications | year = 1995 | location = Toronto | page = 31}} 5. ^Lawrence & Elizabeth Hanson, Tchaikovsky page 269 Cassell London 1965 6. ^{{cite AV media |date=2016 | people=Bianca Scudamore |title=Lilac Fairy variation|publisher=Prix de Lausanne|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTNEp6vBzfo}} 7. ^{{cite AV media |date=2016 | people=Adam Maskell |title=Carabosse casts a curse - Matthew Bourne's Sleeping Beauty |publisher=PBS|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-2B251I8uc}} 8. ^{{cite AV media | date=2018 |people=Alina Cojocaru| title=Aurora's entrance - Royal Ballet| location=London| publisher=medici.tv|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEmByS22u8E}} 9. ^{{cite AV media | date=2018 |title=Aurora's entrance - Bolshoi Ballet| publisher=Royal Opera House|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHB1QtYSs9Y}} 10. ^{{cite AV media | people= Ludmila Pagliero|date=2013 | title=Paris Opera Ballet - Rose Adagio| publisher=Opéra national de Paris |location=Paris, France|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCx-Z7Hplck}} 11. ^{{cite AV media | date=2015 | title=Aurora pricks her finger - The Royal Ballet | location=London| publisher=medici.tv |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTgh7VywVfE}} 12. ^{{cite AV media | people= Viviana Durante|date=1994 | title=Royal Ballet - Aurora Vision Variation| publisher=Opus Arte|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGz64jUkgd0}} 13. ^{{cite AV media |date=2016 | people=Dancers of the SemperOperBallett |title=Jewels Divertissement |publisher=SemperOperBallett|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT8V9g_kYqo}} 14. ^{{cite AV media | date=2014 | title=The Sleeping Beauty - White Cat and Puss-in-Boots pas de deux (The Royal Ballet) | location=London| publisher=Royal Opera House|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omIZgkAPsPU}} 15. ^{{cite AV media | date=2015 | title=LA BELLE AU BOIS DORMANT - Extrait ACT II "L'Oiseau Bleu" - Ballet du Bolchoï au cinéma |publisher=Pathé Live |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUE40JmHQuU}} 16. ^{{cite AV media | people=Madison Young |date=2016 | title=2016 Prix de Lausanne prize winner - Aurora variation | publisher=Prix de Lausanne|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swWR8Ux1LWs}} 17. ^{{cite AV media | people=Denis Veginy |date=2014 | title=Dresden SemperOperBallett - Prince's variation| publisher=SemperOperBallett |location=Dresden, Germany|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrEGWfgAzyQ}} 18. ^{{cite web| title = US Patent and Trademark Office – Princess Aurora trademark status| url = http://tarr.uspto.gov/tarr?regser=serial&entry=77130191&action=Request+Status| accessdate = March 26, 2010}} 19. ^{{cite web| title = An Attempt To Stop The Disney Machine| url = http://www.deadline.com/2009/05/an-attempt-to-stop-the-disney-machine/| accessdate = March 26, 2010}} Deadline Hollywood / Niki Finke, May 1, 2009 External links{{commons category|The Sleeping Beauty}}Video samples
Scores
History
10 : Sleeping Beauty|Ballets by Marius Petipa|Suites by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|1890 ballet premieres|1889 compositions|Works based on Sleeping Beauty|Adaptations of works by Charles Perrault|Ballets by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Ballets based on fairy tales|Ballets premiered at the Mariinsky Theatre |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。