“SUPS”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In computational neuroscience, SUPS (for Synaptic Updates Per Second) or formerly CUPS (Connections Updates Per Second) is a measure of a neuronal network performance, useful in fields of neuroscience, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and computer science.

Computing

For a processor or computer designed to simulate a neural network SUPS is measured as the product of simulated neurons

and average connectivity

(synapses) per neuron per second:

Depending on the type of simulation it is usual equal to the total number of synapses simulated.

In an "asynchronous" dynamic simulation if a neuron spikes at

Hz, the average rate of synaptic updates provoked by the activity of that neuron is

. In a synchronous simulation with step

the number of synaptic updates per second would be

. As

has to be chosen much smaller than the average interval between two successive afferent spikes, which implies

, giving an average of synaptic updates equal to

. Therefore, spike-driven synaptic dynamics leads to a linear scaling of computational complexity O(N) per neuron, compared with the O(N²) in the "synchronous" case.^[1]

Records

Developed in the 1980s Adaptive Solutions' CNAPS-1064 Digital Parallel Processor chip is a full neural network (NNW). It was designed as a coprocessor to a host and has 64 sub-processors arranged in a 1D array and operating in a SIMD mode. Each sub-processor can emulate one or more neurons and multiple chips can be grouped together. At 25 MHz it is capable of 1.28 GMAC.^[2]

After the presentation of the RN-100 (12 MHz) single neuron chip at Seattle 1991 Ricoh developed the multi-neuron chip RN-200. It had 16 neurons and 16 synapses per neuron. The chip has on-chip learning ability using a proprietary backdrop algorithm. It came in a 257-pin PGA encapsulation and drew 3.0 W at a maximum. It was capable of 3 GCPS (1 GCPS at 32 MHz).

In 1991-97, Siemens developed the MA-16 chip, SYNAPSE-1 and SYNAPSE-3 Neurocomputer. The MA-16 was a fast matrix-matrix multiplier that can be combined to form systolic arrays. It could process 4 patterns of 16 elements each (16-bit), with 16 neuron values (16-bit) at a rate of 800 MMAC or 400 MCPS at 50 MHz. The SYNAPSE3-PC PCI card contained 2 MA-16 with a peak performance of 2560 MOPS (1.28 GMAC); 7160 MOPS (3.58 GMAC) when using three boards.^[4]

In 2013, the K computer was used to simulate a neural network of 1.73 billion neurons with a total of 10.4 trillion synapses (1% of the human brain). The simulation ran for 40 minutes to simulate 1 s of brain activity at a normal activity level (4.4 on average). The simulation required 1 Petabyte of storage.^[5]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book |author1=Maurizio Mattia |author2=Paolo Del Giudice |year = 1998 |title = Asynchronous simulation of large networks of spiking neurons and dynamical synapses |journal = Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks |pages=1045–1050 |doi = 10.1007/978-1-4471-1599-1_164 |title-link=spiking neuron |series=Perspectives in Neural Computing |isbn=978-3-540-76263-8 |citeseerx=10.1.1.56.272 }}
2. ^Real-Time Computing: Implications for General Microprocessors Chip Weems, Steve Dropsho
3. ^{{cite book |author1=L. Almeida |author2=Luis B. Almeida |author3=S. Boverie |year = 2003 |title = Intelligent Components and Instruments For Control Applications 2003 (SICICA 2003) |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pDFdub32IdYC |isbn=9780080440101 }}
4. ^Neural Network Hardware Clark S. Lindsey, Bruce Denby, Thomas Lindblad, 1998
5. ^Fujitsu supercomputer simulates 1 second of brain activity Tim Hornyak, CNET, August 5, 2013

Computing

Records

See also

References

External links