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词条 Surfing in the United States
释义

  1. History

  2. Surfing culture in the United States

  3. Major competitions in the United States

  4. Big wave surfing

  5. References

{{Infobox sport overview
| boxwidth = 250
| title = Surfing in the United States
| image = Surfer at the Cayucos Pier, Cayucos, CA.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| caption = A surfer at the Cayucos Pier, Cayucos, California
| union = USA Surfing
| country = United States
| sport = Surfing
| noncountry =
| teamlabel1 =
| nationalteam = United States Olympics team
| teamlabel2 =
| repteam =
| nickname =
| first =
| registered =
| clubs =
| national_list = World Surf League
| intl_list = Summer Olympics
World Surfing Championships
| match =
| league =
}}Surfing in the United States is a popular pastime in coastal areas of the country.[1][2][3]

There are professional surfing leagues such as the World Surf League in the United States. These leagues make it possible for surfers all over the world to become recognized in America for their talent. One of the most famous surfers is Kelly Slater.[4][5] Kelly Slater has eleven different ASP surfing competitions, making him one of the best in the world.[6]

History

{{expand section|date=October 2015}}{{See also|History of surfing}}

The earliest recorded instances of surfing took place in Hawaii in 17th Century. These instances are correlated to the Hawaiian tradition of "he'e nalu", which means "wave-sliding".[7] Duke Kahanamoku is considered an influential figure in popularizing surfing in the United States.

Nick Gabaldon is first known African American surfer.[8][9][10]

Surfing culture in the United States

{{expand section|date=October 2015}}{{See also|Surf culture}}

Surfing is very much a part of North Carolina, Californian, Floridian, and Hawaiian culture.

Surfing on the American East Coast of the United States began in Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina In 1909 Burke Haywood Bridgers and a colony of surfers introduced surfing & surfing competitions to American East Coast. The State of North Carolina honored Burke Haywood Bridgers and the colony of surfers by placing a North Carolina Highway Marker for PIONEER EAST COAST SURFING on Wrightsville Beach and designated Wrightsville Beach as the birthplace of surfing & competitive surfing on the American East Coast in 2015. North Carolina has the greater weight of published verifiable accurate evidence and impacts a broader geographical area when compared to other east coast states. Burke Haywood Bridgers and the colony of surfers activities are among the earliest appearances of surfboards in the Atlantic Ocean. The early twentieth century surfers proved that surfing migrated from Hawaii to North Carolina & California, about the same time, then Florida.

Surfing is growing amongst the African American community, despite being seen as a "white sport".[11][12][13][14]

Major competitions in the United States

  • Southeast Regional Surfing Championships - mid April, Smyrna Beach, Florida
  • East Coast Surfing Championships -late August, Oceanfront – Virginia Beach, Virginia
  • US Open of Surfing - early September, Huntington Beach, California
  • Triple Crown of Surfing - mid November to mid December, North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii
    • Reef Hawaiian Pro - North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii
    • O'Neill World Cup of Surfing - Pūpūkea, Oahu, Hawaii
    • Pipeline Masters - early December - North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii
  • The Eddie - early December to end February - Waimea Bay, North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii
  • Titans of Mavericks - December to March, Half Moon Bay, California[15]

Big wave surfing

Big wave surfing originated in the 1990s, when surfers began to make use of water vehicles such as jet skis and speed boats, in order to tow them into waves that they were too large and fast to catch.[16]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPOF9Z51oGkC&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=history+of+surfing+in+the+united+states&source=bl&ots=8qshPxnfk3&sig=nMv2qNBT1oRIbhiXyBNt8_WE9F0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q6AEwADgeahUKEwji3pizzIDIAhVD7RQKHee-CP0#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20surfing%20in%20the%20united%20states&f=false |title=The Surfing Yearbook - Bruce Boal, Surfersvillage - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2015-09-19}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wNR_ZMZCt4kC&pg=PA180&lpg=PA180&dq=history+of+surfing+in+the+united+states&source=bl&ots=3BcDNEISaq&sig=3GzNoNwH09FtacHzsxqfC2pj7QI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCWoVChMIq6SrmcyAyAIVwT8UCh3KtwAS#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20surfing%20in%20the%20united%20states&f=false |title=The History of Surfing - Matt Warshaw - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2015-09-19}}
3. ^{{cite news|title= Hunting Beach History|publisher= |date=|url=http://www.surfingmuseum.org/assets/hb-surfing-history.pdf|accessdate=2015-01-16}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUOaAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=history+of+Surfing+in+the+United+States&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAWoVChMIt_vLzo2myAIVhnEUCh23UQd8#v=onepage&q=the%20parallel%20ascent%20of%20kelly&f=false |title=Surfing: An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time - Ben Marcus, Steve Pezman |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date=1946-07-01 |accessdate=2015-10-03}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xrLm0q29XQC&pg=PA14&dq=history+of+Surfing+in+the+United+States&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBWoVChMIt_vLzo2myAIVhnEUCh23UQd8#v=onepage&q=the%20first%20surfers%20in%20california&f=false |title=Surfing USA! - Jeff Divine, Ben Marcus |page=14 |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date=1946-07-01 |accessdate=2015-10-03}}
6. ^{{cite web|title = Pro Surfer: Kelly Slater|url = http://www.worldsurfleague.com/athletes/553/kelly-slater|website = World Surf League|accessdate = 2015-10-23}}
7. ^{{cite web|title = History of Surfing {{!}} Club Of The Waves|url = http://www.clubofthewaves.com/surf-culture/history-of-surfing.php|website = Clubofthewaves.com|accessdate = 2015-10-23}}
8. ^{{cite web|last=Pierson |first=Dashel |url=http://www.surfline.com/surf-news/santa-monica-commemorates-nick-gabaldon-on-anniversary-of-his-tragic-death-while-surfing-malibu-celebrating-th_138555/ |title=Celebrating the First African-American Surfer |website=Surfline.Com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-02}}
9. ^{{cite news|author=Rachel Saltz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/23/movies/white-wash-a-documentary-about-black-surfers-review.html |title=‘White Wash,’ a Documentary About Black Surfers — Review |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2011-09-22 |accessdate=2016-11-02}}
10. ^{{cite web|author=Tambay A. Obenson |url=http://www.indiewire.com/2011/08/black-surfer-documentary-whitewash-narrated-by-ben-harper-black-thought-gets-release-date-151548/ |title=Black Surfer Documentary “Whitewash” Narrated By Ben Harper, Black Thought Gets Release Date |website=IndieWire |date=2016-05-13 |accessdate=2016-11-02}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huckmagazine.com/perspectives/opinion-perspectives/surf-racism/|title=Surf Racism - Error in the Code|date=4 January 2011|publisher=Huck|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grindtv.com/culture/black-surfers-collective-aims-to-create-more-diversity-in-surf-lineup/#4SuL6A3iQpjJz4Bb.97|title=Black Surfers Collective aims to promote diversity in surf lineup - GrindTV.com|date=5 August 2013|publisher=|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vNMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA14&lpg=RA1-PA14&dq=black%20surfers&source=bl&ots=7c4QUQMum6&sig=RA141QU9w4BR1XDi_XSm7B4H4ug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU_6bZld7QAhVjB8AKHR33BH44FBDoAQgZMAA#v=onepage&q=black%20surfers&f=false|title=Ebony|first=Johnson Publishing|last=Company|date=6 December 2016|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|accessdate=6 December 2016|via=Google Books}}
14. ^{{cite web|author=Stephen Nessen |url=http://onlyagame.legacy.wbur.org/2013/09/07/african-american-surfers |title=African-American Surfers Challenge Stereotypes | Only A Game |website=Onlyagame.legacy.wbur.org |date=2013-09-07 |accessdate=2016-11-02}}
15. ^{{cite web|title = Top 10 Surfing Events in the USA|url = http://www.topeventsusa.com/top-surfing-events-USA.html|website = Topeventsusa.com|accessdate = 2015-10-19}}
16. ^{{cite web|title = Culture {{!}} Surf News|url = http://www.surfing-news.com/surfing/culture|website = Surfing-news.com|accessdate = 2015-10-19}}
{{Commonscat|position=left|Surfing in the United States|
Surfing in the United States}}{{Sports in the United States}}{{Surfing}}{{US-sport-stub}}{{surfing-stub}}

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