“The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974 film)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (also known as The Taking of Pelham 1 2 3) is a 1974 American thriller film directed by Joseph Sargent, produced by Gabriel Katzka and Edgar J. Scherick, and starring Walter Matthau, Robert Shaw, Martin Balsam and Héctor Elizondo.^[3] Peter Stone adapted the screenplay^[3] from the 1973 novel of the same name written by Morton Freedgood under the pen name John Godey.

The film received critical acclaim and holds a rating of 100 percent on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 38 reviews. Several critics called it one of 1974's finest films and it was a box office success.^[4] As in the novel, the film follows a group of criminals taking the passengers hostage inside a New York City Subway car for ransom. Musically, it features "one of the best and most inventive thriller scores of the 1970s".^[5] It was remade in 1998 as a television film and was again remade in 2009 as a theatrical film.

Plot

In New York City, four men wearing similar disguises and carrying concealed weapons board the same downtown 6 train, Pelham 1-2-3, at different stations. Using their codenames Mr. Blue, Mr. Green, Mr. Grey and Mr. Brown, they take 18 people, including the conductor and an undercover police officer, hostage in the first car. They uncouple the car from the train and park it down the tunnel below 28th Street.

Communicating over the radio with Zachary Garber, a New York City Transit Authority police lieutenant, Blue demands a $1 million ransom to be delivered within one hour or he'll kill one hostage for every minute it is late. Green sneezes periodically, to which Garber always responds, "Gesundheit." Garber, his co-worker Lt. Rico Patrone, and others cooperate while speculating about the hijackers' escape plan. Garber surmises that one hijacker must be a former motorman.

Conversations between the hijackers reveal that Blue was a mercenary in Africa; Green was a motorman caught in a drug bust; and Blue does not trust Grey. Just then, Grey shoots and kills a supervisor sent to investigate the stalled train.

The ransom is transported uptown in a speeding police car that crashes well before it reaches 28th Street. As the deadline arrives, Garber bluffs Blue by telling him that the money has reached the station and just has to be walked down the tunnel to the train. Blue accepts this and spares a hostage. A police motorcycle arrives with the ransom and two patrolmen carry the money down the tunnel. During the standoff, one of many police snipers in the tunnel shoots at Brown, and the hijackers exchange gunfire with the police. In retaliation, Blue kills the conductor.

The money is delivered and divided among the hijackers. Blue orders Garber to restore power to the subway line; set the signals to green all the way to South Ferry; and clear the police from stations along the route. Garber warns that this will take time. Before the process is complete, however, Green moves the train farther south. When Garber becomes alarmed, Blue explains that he wanted more distance from the police inside the tunnel.

The hijackers override the dead-man's switch so that the train will run without anyone at the controls. Garber joins Inspector Daniels above ground where the train stopped. When the route is clear, the hijackers set the train in motion and get off. As they make their way to the tunnel's emergency exit, the undercover officer jumps off the train and hides between the rails. Unaware that the hijackers left the train, Garber and Daniels drive south above the train's route. With no one at the controls, the train gains speed.

The hijackers collect their disguises and weapons for disposal, but Grey refuses to surrender his gun, resulting in a stand-off with Blue, who shoots him dead. The undercover officer shoots and kills Brown. While Green escapes through the emergency exit onto the street, Blue exchanges fire with the officer.

Garber, contemplating the train's last suspicious movement, concludes that the hijackers defeated the dead-man feature and are no longer on board. He returns to where the train had stopped, enters the same emergency exit from street level, and confronts Blue before he can kill the undercover officer. Blue commits suicide by placing his foot against the third rail.

Meanwhile, Pelham 1-2-3 hurtles through the southbound tunnel. When it enters the South Ferry loop, its speed triggers the automatic safeties. It screeches to a halt, leaving the hostages bruised but safe.

Since none of the three dead hijackers were a transit employee, Garber surmises that the survivor must be the one. Working their way through a list of discharged motormen, Garber and Patrone knock on the door of Harold Longman (Mr. Green). After hastily hiding the loot, Longman lets them in, bluffs his way through their interrogation, and complains indignantly about being suspected. Garber vows to return with a search warrant. As Garber closes the door behind him, Longman sneezes. Garber says "Gesundheit" just as the door shuts. He re-opens it and gives Longman a caustic stare.

Cast

Production

The novel was published in February 1973 by Putnam, but Palomar Productions had secured the film rights and Dell had bought the paperback rights months earlier in September, 1972. The paperback rights sold for $450,000.^[6]

Novelist Godey (Morton Freedgood) was a "subway buff."^[7] The novel and the film came out during the so-called "Golden Age" of skyjacking in the United States, from 1968 through 1979. Additionally, New York City was edging toward a financial crisis, crime had risen citywide (as depicted in the contemporaneous film Death Wish, and the subway was perceived as neither safe nor reliable.

At first the Metropolitan Transportation Authority refused to cooperate with the filmmakers. Godey's novel was more detailed about how the hijackers would accomplish their goal and recognized that the caper's success did not rely solely on defeating the “deadman feature” in the motorman's cab. Screenwriter Stone, however, made a fictional override mechanism the lynchpin of the script. Director Sargent explained, “We’re making a movie, not a handbook on subway hijacking...I must admit the seriousness of ‘Pelham’ never occurred to me until we got the initial TA reaction. They thought it potentially a stimulant—not to hardened professional criminals like the ones in our movie, but to kooks. Cold professionals can see the absurdities of the plot right off, but kooks don't reason it out. That's why they're kooks. Yes, we gladly gave in about the ‘deadman feature.’ Any responsible filmmaker would if he stumbled onto something that could spread into a new form of madness.”^[1]

Sargent said, "It’s important that we don’t be too plausible. We’re counting on the film’s style and charm and comedy to say, subliminally at least, ‘Don’t take us too seriously.’”^[1] (The credits have a disclaimer that the Transit Authority did not give advice or information for use in the film.)

After eight weeks of negotiations, and through the influence of Mayor John Lindsay, the MTA relented, but required that the producers take out $20 million in insurance policies including special “kook coverage” in case the movie inspired a real-life hijacking.^[1] This was in addition to a $250,000 fee for use of the track, station, subway cars, and TA personnel.

The TA also insisted that no graffiti appear in the film. “New Yorkers are going to hoot when they see our spotless subway cars," Sargent said. "But the TA was adamant on that score. They said to show graffiti would be to glorify it. We argued that it was artistically expressive. But we got nowhere. They said the graffiti fad would be dead by the time the movie got out. I really doubt that.”^[1] (Mayor Lindsay declared the first war on graffiti in 1972 but it flourished until the mid-1980s.)

Other changes included beefing up Matthau's role. In the novel, Garber is the equivalent of the Patrone character in the film. “I like the piece,” Matthau said. “It moves swiftly and stays interesting right down to the wire. That’s the reason I wanted to do it. The TA inspector I play is really a supporting role—they built it up a bit when I expressed interest in it—but it’s still secondary.”^[1] In the novel, it is Inspector Daniels who confronts Mr. Blue in the tunnel during the climax. Additionally, screenwriter Peter Stone gave the hijackers their color code names and the Longman character his telltale cold.

Filming began on November 23, 1973 and was completed in late April, 1974.^[8] The budget was $3.8 million.^[1]

Filming locations

Production began with scenes inside the subway tunnel. These were filmed over the course of eight weeks on the local tracks of the IND Fulton Street Line at the abandoned Court Street station in Brooklyn. Closed to the public in 1946, it became a filming location and home to the New York Transit Museum. (Among other films, the Court Street station was used for The French Connection, Death Wish, and the 2009 remake of Pelham.)

The production company set up chess boards, card tables and ping pong tables along the Court Street platform for cast and crew recreation between set-ups. Robert Shaw apparently beat all comers in ping pong.^[9]

Although this was an abandoned spur of track, passing A and E trains rumbled through adjacent tracks on their regular schedules. Dialogue that was marred by the noise was later post-dubbed. The Third Rail, which carries 600 volts of direct current, was shut off and three protective bars were placed against the rail, but the cast and crew were told to treat it as if it were still live. “Those TA people…are super careful,” Sargent said. “They anticipate everything. By the fifth week we were dancing our way through those tunnels like nobody’s business. They were expecting that, too. That’s when they told us of the fatalities in the tunnels. They’re mostly old-timers. The young guys still have a healthy fear of the place.”^[1]

“There was one scene where Robert Shaw was to step on the third rail,” Sargent recalled. “When we were rehearsing the scene, Shaw accidentally stubbed his toe and the sparks from his special-effects boot flew everywhere. He turned white as a sheet. We had eight weeks of that. I think we got out just in time. It was like coal mining.”^[1]

According to a notation on imdb, the crew wore surgical masks during the tunnel scenes.^[10] Shaw's biographer, John French, reported: "There were rats everywhere and every time someone jumped from the train, or tripped over the lines, clouds of black dust rose into the air, making it impossible to shoot until it had settled."^[11]

Matthau, who had one scene in the tunnel, said, “There are bacteria down there that haven’t been discovered yet. And bugs. Big ugly bugs from the planet Uranus. They all settled in the New York subway tunnels. I saw one bug mug a guy. I wasn’t down there a long time—but long enough to develop the strangest cold I ever had. It stayed in my nose for five days, then went to my throat. Finally I woke up one morning with no voice at all, and they had to shut down for the day.”^[1]

According Backstage, the filmmakers were the first to utilize a “flash” process developed by Movielab to bring out detail when shooting with low light in the tunnel. The process reportedly increased film speed by two stops. It allowed the filmmakers to use fewer lights and generators and save five days out of the schedule.^[12]

At least two different R22 trains portrayed Pelham 1-2-3. As it enters 28th Street station, the head car is labeled 7339. However, in an early scene at Grand Central, 7339 is seen on the express track across the platform. Later, after being cut from the rest of the train, the head car is labeled 7434.^[13] R22 cars first went into service in April 1957, and the vast majority of the 450 cars were scrapped in 1987.

After two months in the tunnel, production moved to Filmways Studios at 246 East 127th Street in East Harlem, where a replica of the Transit Authority's Brooklyn control center was constructed. Originally an MGM studio in the 1920s, Filmways Studios was used for Butterfield 8, The Godfather, The Wiz, and Manhattan. The building was demolished in the 1980s.

The exterior street scenes above the hijacked subway train were filmed at the subway entrance at 28th and Park Avenue South in Manhattan. The mayor's residence, Gracie Mansion, was used for exteriors. Wave Hill, a Colonial era mansion in Riverdale, NY overlooking the Hudson was used for the interior scenes taking place at Gracie Mansion.^[14]

Music

The Jerry Fielding and Don Ellis sounding score, composed and conducted by David Shire, "layers explosive horn arrangements and serpentine keyboard riffs over a rhythm section that pits hard-grooving basslines against constantly shifting but always insistent layers of percussion".^[5] Shire used the 12-tone composition method to create unusual, somewhat dissonant melodic elements.^[15] The soundtrack album was the first CD release by Film Score Monthly, and was later released by Retrograde Records.^[15] The end titles contain a more expansive arrangement of the theme, courtesy of Shire's wife at the time, Talia Shire, who suggested that he end the score with a more traditional ode to New York.^[16]

Release

Critical reception

The film was well received by critics. Variety called it “a good action caper” but “the major liability is Peter Stone’s screenplay, which develops little interest in either Matthau or Shaw’s gang, nor the innocent hostages” which are “simply stereotyped baggage.” While the trade paper complained that the Mayor was “played for silly laughs,” it called Shaw “superb in another versatile characterization.”^[18]

The film was one of several released that year that gave New York a bad image, including Law and Disorder, Death Wish, Serpico, and The Super Cops. Vincent Canby, another New York Times critic, wrote, “New York is a mess, say these films. It’s run by fools. Its citizens are at the mercy of its criminals who, as often as not, are protected by an unholy alliance of civil libertarians and crooked cops. The air is foul. The traffic impossible. Services are diminishing and the morale is such that ordering a cup of coffee in a diner can turn into a request for a fat lip.” But The Taking of Pelham One Two Three, “compared to the general run of New York City films, is practically a tonic, a good-humored, often witty suspense melodrama in which the representatives of law and decency triumph without bending the rules.”^[21]

The film holds a 100% "Fresh" score on Rotten Tomatoes based on 38 critics.^[26]

Accolades

Remakes

In 1998, the film was remade as a television film with the same title, with Edward James Olmos in the Matthau role and Vincent D'Onofrio replacing Shaw as the senior hijacker.{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} Although not particularly well received by critics or viewers, this version was reportedly more faithful to the book, though it revised the setting with new technologies.{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}}