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词条 SX-404-class submarine
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  1. Overview

  2. References

  3. External links

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infobox caption=SX-404-class submarinedisplay title=sclass=
}}{{Infobox ship image		Ship image=Ship image size=Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship class overview		Builders=Cos.Mo.S. in Livorno, ItalyPakistan}}Class before=Cosmos|submarine|4}}Subclasses=Built range=1966–72In commission range=1972–1993Total ships planned=Total ships on order=6Total ships building=Total ships completed=6Total ships cancelled=Total ships active=Total ships laid up=Ship homeport=PNS Iqbal, Karachi (1993—)Total ships lost=1Total ships retired=Total ships scrapped=4Total ships preserved=1
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship type=SDV/Midget submarine41|t|abbr=on}}16|m|ftin|abbr=on}}2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}Ship draught=Ship draft=Ship propulsion=Diesel-electricShip speed=
  • Surfaced: {{convert|11|kn|lk=in}}
  • Submerged: {{convert|6|kn}}
1200|mi|km}}Ship endurance=14 days100|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}Ship complement=16, (4 operations, 3 SEAL Teams)Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=Ship notes=
}}

The SX-404-class submarine, local designation X-Craft[1], was a class of diver propulsion vehicle and the midget submarine that was in service with the Pakistan Navy from 1972 until decommissioning from its military service in 1993. All were decommissioned in 1993 for scrap metal except one that was preserved at the Naval Museum in Karachi, Sindh in Pakistan.[2]

Overview

In 1965, the Pakistan Navy was given authorization by the Defense ministry to award the contract to the Italian shipbuilding company, the Cos.Mo.S., designed the SX-404-class midget submarine for the purposes of the diver propulsion vehicle in 1965.{{rp|108}}[3] The X-404 submarine program had a strong preference over the {{sclass-|Hangor|submarine|1||1968}} that was being built in France but there were severe problems encountered when the torpedo required according to the Pakistan Navy's standard could not be compatible with the SX-404 design.{{rp|108}}[3]{{rp|154-155}}[4]

The SX-404 class were some of the smallest submarines in the world at the time, but could still carry twelve passengers, making them invaluable for raids and reconnaissance in shallow water.[5]

The SX-404-class submarines were intended to be use as the diver propulsion vehicle for the SEAL Teams in the Navy Special Service Group, and were delivered in September of 1971 but there were problems encountered providing the cover for the Hangor-class submarines (the motherships) continued until these problems were resolved in December of 1971.{{rp|108}}[3]

Between the 1972–73, Pakistan Navy commissioned six more SX-404-class submarine that was bought from the Italian shipbuilding company, the Cosmos Spa., with their main function of transporting a twelve Navy SEAL Team members on a reconnaissance missions.{{rp|92}}[6] In 1976, there was one submarine that was lost in an accident while two were decommissioned for scrap metals in 1982–83.{{rp|92}}[6]

The entire program of SX-404-class submarines were eventually phased out and decommissioned from her military service with the Navy in 1990 with the remaining three submarines– two were sold for scrap metal while one was preserved at the Navy Museum in Karachi, Sindh in Pakistan.{{rp|158}}[7] The SX-404-class submarine program was phased out with the development of the Cosmos-class submarine in 1990.{{rp|92}}[6]

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Submarine Force |url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_history.html |website=www.paknavy.gov.pk |publisher=Navy ISPR |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
2. ^{{cite web |last1=Terokhin |first1=Igor |title=SX404 class midget submarine - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker |url=http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=1795891 |website=www.shipspotting.com |accessdate=21 February 2019 |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |format=.php |date=4 March 2013}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=Hiranandani |first1=G. M. |title=Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy, 1965-1975 |date=2000 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9781897829721 |pages=400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFyMKROi46kC&pg=PA108&dq=SSG+Navy+East+Pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2uOH7nrPgAhWpuFkKHZzZC_IQuwUIQDAE#v=onepage&q=SSG%20Navy%20East%20Pakistan&f=false |accessdate=11 February 2019 |language=en-gb |format=google books |chapter={{small|(§Pakistan Navy's Underwater Forces Program)}}}}
4. ^{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kunwar Rajendra |last2=Analyses |first2=Institute for Defence Studies and |title=Navies of South Asia |date=2002 |publisher=Rupa & Co. published under the auspices of Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |pages=459 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJ3fAAAAMAAJ&dq=Cosmos+class+submarine+SSG&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=SSG+ |accessdate=12 February 2019 |language=en}}
5. ^{{cite book|title=Jane's Fighting Ships|year=1974|publisher=Jane's Yearbooks|location=London|isbn=0354005065|pages=250|editor=Moore, John E}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=Thornton |first1=W. M. |title=Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World |date=1996 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=9780850525366 |pages=155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wdCkAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA92&dq=SX-404+class+midget+submarine+designed&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjP4abyoszgAhWfHDQIHccHBgMQuwUILTAA#v=onepage&q=SX-404%20class%20midget%20submarine%20designed&f=false |accessdate=21 February 2019 |language=en}}
7. ^{{cite book |last1=Inc |first1=IBP |title=Pakistan Intelligence, Security Activities and Operations Handbook - Strategic Information and Developments |date=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9781438737225 |pages=250 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F40RCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA158&dq=SX-404+class+midget+submarine+designed&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj05Jz2o8zgAhV1NH0KHa0AAzU4ChC7BQg2MAI#v=onepage&q=SX-404%20class%20midget%20submarine%20designed&f=false |accessdate=21 February 2019 |language=en}}

External links

  • {{cite web |title=Covert Naval Blog: Italian Small Submarines, Updated |url=http://covertshores.blogspot.com/2011/09/italian-small-submarines-updated.html |website=Covert Naval Blog |accessdate=21 February 2019 |date=9 September 2011}}
{{Pakistan Armed Forces}}

3 : 1960s ships|Submarines of the Pakistan Navy|Italy–Pakistan relations
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