“Synaesthesia (rhetorical device)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Synaesthesia (rhetorical device)

释义

Panchronistic tendencies
Rhetorical synaesthesia as simile
Rhetorical synaesthesia as transmodal modification
Rhetorical synaesthesia as transmodal predication
Synaesthetic polysemy
References

{{for|literary depictions of the neurological condition|Synesthesia in literature}}Synaesthesia is a rhetorical device or figure of speech where one sense is described in terms of another.^[1] This may often take the form of a simile.^[2] One can distinguish the literary joining of terms derived from the vocabularies of sensory domains from synaesthesia as a neuropsychological phenomenon.^[3]

Panchronistic tendencies

It has been suggested that, in the tradition of Romantic poetry, the sensory transfer consisting in the synaesthesic metaphor tends to be from a lower (less differentiated sense) to a higher sense. In this respect, the sequence of senses from low to high is generally taken to be touch, taste, smell, sound, then sight. ^[4] This observation was named a panchronistic tendency by Stephen Ullmann since he saw the lowest levels of sense having the poorest vocabulary.^[4] Upwards transfers are thought to have strong emotional effects, but downwards transfers generally witty effects.^[3]

Rhetorical synaesthesia as simile

Examples of synaesthesic simile:

"his words cut the air like a dagger" (Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray)^[2]
"thy voice is like wine to me" (Oscar Wilde, Salome)^[2]

Rhetorical synaesthesia as transmodal modification

When a modifier which would normally apply to one sense is used collocating a noun evocative of another sense, this is known as transmodal modification.^[2] Examples include:

"mauve Hungarian music" (Oscar Wilde, An Ideal Husband)^[2]

Rhetorical synaesthesia as transmodal predication

When a noun evoking one sense is linked with a predicate evoking another, this is known as transmodal predication.^[2] Examples include:

"My nostrils see her breath burn like a bush." (Dylan Thomas, When all my Five and Country Senses See)^[2]
"the silence that dwells in the forest is not so black" (Oscar Wilde, Salome)^[2]

Synaesthetic polysemy

When a linkage of two senses depends upon a pun, this is known as synaesthetic polysemy.^[2] Examples include:

{{quote|"the hyacinth purple, and white, and blue,

Which flung from its bells a sweet peal anew

Of music" |Percy Bysshe Shelley|The Sensitive Plant^[2]}}

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Forsyth|first1=Mark|title=The Elements of Eloquence|page=32}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹{{Cite book|title = A Grammar of Iconism|last = Anderson|first = Earl R.|publisher = Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press|year = 1998|isbn = |location = |pages = 199}}
3. ^¹{{cite journal|last1=Tsur|first1=Reuven|title=Issues in Literary Synaesthesia|journal=Style|date=Spring 2007|volume=41|issue=1|pages=30-52}}
4. ^¹{{Cite book|title = The Principles of Semantics|last = Ullmann|first = Stephen|publisher = Oxford: Blackwell|year = 1957|isbn = |location = |pages = }}

3 : Figures of speech|Rhetorical techniques|Literary terminology

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