| 词条 | Takashi Negishi |
| 释义 |
| name = Takashi Negishi | school_tradition = Neo-Walrasian economics | image = Takashi Negishi cropped 2 Takashi Negishi 201411.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Takashi Negishi | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1933|04|02}} | birth_place = Tokyo, Japan | death_date = | death_place = | ethnicity = | nationality = Japanese | institution = Toyo Eiwa University Aoyama Gakuin University University of Tokyo | field = Microeconomics General equilibrium theory History of economic thought | alma_mater = University of Tokyo | influences = Kenneth J. Arrow[1] | influenced = Frank Hahn Fumio Hayashi Michihiro Kandori | awards = Japan Academy Prize (1993) Order of Culture (2014)}}{{nihongo|Takashi Negishi|根岸隆|Negishi Takashi|born 2 April 1933}} is a Japanese neo-Walrasian economist. CareerNegishi graduated Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo in 1956 and received a Ph.D. in Economics from University of Tokyo in 1963.[2] ContributionsNegishi's research has provided a wide range of extensions to orthodox general equilibrium modelling. These additions have typically involved imperfect competition, stability and unemployment.[3][4] ControversyNegishi is most famous for Negishi welfare weights or Negishi social welfare function, a system of weighting welfare assessment used in the Kyoto Protocol and other macro-economic analyses. These are controversial insofar as they recognize and embed into economic analysis a varying and unequal price of life across different countries. Elizabeth A. Stanton specifically criticized this approach in Negishi Welfare Weights: The Mathematics of Global Inequality, 2011, arguing in an interview [5] that: "…Negishi weighting is a key ethical assumption at work in climate-economics models, but one that is virtually unknown to most model users. Negishi weights freeze the current distribution of income between world regions; without this constraint, IAMs that maximize global welfare would recommend an equalization of income across regions as part of their policy advice. With Negishi weights in place, these models instead recommend a course of action that would be optimal only in a world in which global income redistribution cannot and will not take place" at any rate whatsoever. This is argued by Stanton and others to be both inequitable and inaccurate, as over time that "current distribution" would change, making the policy advice even more wrong than it was when it was decided. The response of Joshua K. Abbott and Eli P. Fenchel acknowledged that "Negishi weights are often criticized on ethical grounds. [But] We show the Negishi SWF is ethically consistent with the Golden Rule, whereby the social planner weights others’ utilities at a point in time as he would weight his own future discounted utility. This result clarifies the implicit ethical assumptions embodied in many economic models. We also show that a specific link exists between Negishi weights and a generalization of the Ramsey discounting rule. " However, the assumptions are still those of the planner and not those whose welfare is planned for. An empirical observation that remains unexplained is why the income distribution observed in 1948 by George F. Kennan, when the US had 50% of world wealth (and presumably income) with 6% of its population,[6] remained so similar to the price of life ratio between developed and developing world as of Kyoto in 1990, at about 15 to 1. However, this could not be blamed easily on Negishi. Festschrift
Selected publications
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASDG23048_T21C14A0CR0000/|publisher=The Nikkei|title=経済学発展に貢献 文化勲章の根岸隆氏|date=24 October 2014|accessdate=29 April 2016}}{{ja icon}} {{Presidents of the Econometric Society}}{{Presidents of the Japanese Economic Association}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Negishi, Takashi}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/500000462733?l=en |publisher=CiNiib|title=CiNii Dissertations - 一般均衡理論の諸問題 |access-date= 7 May 2016}} 3. ^Young, W. (2010). A History of Economic Theory Essays in honour of Takashi Negishi. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, February, 17, 1, 145-147. 4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=YcrvrNy0QCEC&pg=PA325&lpg=PA325&dq=Takashi+Negishi&source=bl&ots=WbPxdOVX79&sig=nJIBnWg3C2bL56o-mizCxJcCnWQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=b4uUT_2dMNDu8QOTg6nODA&ved=0CGYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Takashi%20Negishi&f=false Backhouse, R., & Middleton, R. (2000). Exemplary economists: Europe, Asia and Australasia. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar](Accessed April 2012) 5. ^http://equitablegrowth.org/equitablog/must-read-elizabeth-stanton/ 6. ^{{Citation|last=Kennan|first=George F.|title=Policy Planning Study (PPS) 23|year=1948|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Memo_PPS23_by_George_Kennan|location=Washington D.C.}} 15 : 1933 births|Living people|People from Tokyo|Japanese academics|Japanese economists|University of Tokyo alumni|University of Tokyo faculty|Aoyama Gakuin University faculty|Toyo Eiwa University faculty|Presidents of the Japanese Economic Association|Presidents of the Econometric Society|Fellows of the Econometric Society|Persons of Cultural Merit|Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class|Recipients of the Order of Culture |
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