| 词条 | Tamar–Tavy Estuary | ||||
| 释义 |
|name= Tamar–Tavy Estuary |image= |image_caption= View across the Tamar estuary south of Bere Ferrers, looking towards Cargreen |aos= Cornwall, Devon |interest= Biological |gridref={{gbmappingsmall|SX435591}} |coordinates = {{coord|50.4113|-4.2032|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}} |displaymap= United Kingdom Cornwall (mainland)#UK England |area={{convert|1422.3|ha|km2 sqmi|sigfig=3}} |notifydate={{Start date|1991}} |enref=1005917 }} The Tamar–Tavy Estuary is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) covering the tidal estuaries of the River Tamar and the River Tavy on the border between Cornwall and Devon in England, UK. Part of the Tamar estuary also forms the Tamar Estuary Nature Reserve, owned by the Cornwall Wildlife Trust. The site was designated in 1991 for its biodiversity and varying habitats that support a large number of wader and wildfowl species, as well as the special interest of its marine biology. GeographyThe {{convert|1422|ha|acre|adj=on}} SSSI encompasses the entirety of the tidal regions of the Tamar; from Gunnislake down to the Tamar Bridge in the south, where it forms the Hamoaze, and the River Tavy from Lopwell to its discharge in the Tamar. The site also includes Kingsmill Lake, Tamerton Lake and a few other tributary streams of the Tamar, as well as the marshes around Morwellham Quay.[1] The site forms part of the Tamar Estuaries Complex Special Protection Area (SPA), along with the estuary of the River Lynher and St John's Lake,[2] as well as forming part of the Plymouth Sound and Estuaries Special Area of Conservation (SAC).[3] The Cornwall Wildlife Trust owns the {{convert|109|ha|acre}} Tamar Estuary nature reserve around Kingsmill Lake, below Landulph,[4][5] and Lopwell Dam is a Local Nature Reserve, covering the dam and surrounding woodlands.[6] Wildlife and ecologyThe SSSI, due to its habitats, is of international importance for nature conservation, in particular as a wintering site for wildfowl and wader birds.[7] Mudflats form the lower reaches of the estuary system and are bordered by salt marsh, inundation grassland and rocky shoreline habitats. These mainly contain common saltmarsh-grass (Puccinellia maritima), red fescue and sea couch, as well as two nationally scarce species of grass: stiff saltmarsh-grass (Puccinellia rupestris) and bulbous foxtail. The upstream part of the system supports freshwater marsh, fen, rush pasture and reedmarsh habitats, along with wooded valleys in places. Species include the common reed and the only known population in the British Isles of triangular club-rush, part of the genus Schoenoplectus.[7]The mudflats attract more than 20% of the British wintering population of the uncommon pied avocet. They additionally support black-tailed godwit, common redshank, dunlin, whimbrel, greenshank, spotted redshank and green sandpiper during the wintering period,[7] with the first birds arriving in October and leaving again throughout March.[5] The highly variable salinity along the transition from marine estuary to river allows for a diverse marine culture. Seaweeds, green algae and communities of polychaete worms are all found in the estuary system; near Calstock is found the shrimp Palaemon longirostris, which has been recorded in only two other estuaries in Britain.[7] The estuary is also one of only two sites in the UK where the fish, allis shad, spawn.[8] Other larger animals found in undisturbed parts of the SSSI include the European otter, the common kingfisher[7] and dormice.[6] GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|title=Tamar–Tavy Estuary map|url=http://www.natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk/map.aspx?map=sssi&feature=1030554,sssi-su,HYPERLINK|publisher=Natural England|accessdate=9 November 2011|date=25 October 2011}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Tamar Estuaries Complex|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=2033|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|accessdate=11 November 2011|year=2001}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Plymouth Sound and Estuaries|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0013111|publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee|accessdate=11 November 2011}} 4. ^Ordnance Survey: Explorer map sheet 108 Lower Tamar Valley & Plymouth {{ISBN|978-0-319-23709-0}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Tamar Estuary Nature Reserve|url=http://www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/nature_reserves/where_to_find_the_nature_reserves_1/Tamar_Estuary_nature_reserve_Saltash|publisher=Cornwall Wildlife Trust|accessdate=9 November 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327131129/http://www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/nature_reserves/where_to_find_the_nature_reserves_1/Tamar_Estuary_nature_reserve_Saltash|archivedate=27 March 2012|df=}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Local Nature Reserves: Lopwell Dam|url=http://www.swlakestrust.org.uk/conservation/nature-reserves/local-nature-reserves|publisher=South West Lakes Trust|accessdate=11 November 2011}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Tamar–Tavy Estuary|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1005917.pdf|publisher=Natural England|accessdate=10 November 2011|year=1991}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Allis shad returning to Tamar estuary|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-14116061|publisher=BBC News Online|accessdate=10 November 2011|date=12 July 2011}} External links{{commons category inline|Tamar Estuary}}{{commons category inline|Tavy Estuary}}{{SSSIs Cornwall biological|state=collapsed}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamar-Tavy Estuary}} 7 : Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cornwall|Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Devon|Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1991|Special Protection Areas in England|Nature reserves of the Cornwall Wildlife Trust|Estuaries of England|River Tamar |
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