| 词条 | Tamluk (community development block) | ||
| 释义 |
| name = Tamluk | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Community development block | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India | coordinates = {{coord|22.3151430|N|87.8473663|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = West Bengal | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Purba Medinipur | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Community development block | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 123.50 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 6 | population_total = 217,776 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Bengali, English | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 721636 (Tamluk) 721653 (Chanserpur) | area_code = 03228 | registration_plate = WB-29, WB-30, WB-31, WB-32, WB-33 | blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy | blank1_info_sec1 = 87.06% | blank2_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency | blank2_info_sec1 = Tamluk | blank3_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency | blank3_info_sec1 = Moyna, Nandakumar, Tamluk | website = {{URL|purbamedinipur.gov.in/}} | iso_code = IN-WB | footnotes = }} Tamluk is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Tamluk subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. HistoryTamraliptaTamralipta, the port in ancient India, is believed by scholars to have been around modern-day Tamluk. It is mentioned in the writings of Ptolemy (150 AD), the Greco-Egyptian writer, Faxian (earlier referred to as Fa Hien) (405-11 AD), the Chinese Buddhist monk, who travelled to India on foot, and Xuanzang (earlier referred to as Hiuen Tsiang) (seventh century AD), the Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller and translator. It was the main port used by Ashoka, the Mauryan emperor. With too much siltation the port lost its importance around 8th century A.D.[1]GeographyPurba Medinipur district is part of the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain and Eastern coastal plains. Topographically, the district can be divided into two parts – (a) almost entirely flat plains on the west, east and north, (b) the coastal plains on the south. The vast expanse of land is formed of alluvium and is composed of younger and coastal alluvial. The elevation of the district is within 10 metres above mean sea level. The district has a long coastline of 65.5 km along its southern and south eastern boundary. Five coastal CD Blocks, namely, Khejuri II, Contai II (Deshapran), Contai I, Ramnagar I and II, are occasionally affected by cyclones and tornadoes. Tidal floods are quite regular in these five CD Blocks. Normally floods occur in 21 of the 25 CD Blocks in the district. The major rivers are Haldi, Rupnarayan, Rasulpur, Bagui and Keleghai, flowing in north to south or south-east direction. River water is an important source of irrigation. The district has a low 899 hectare forest cover, which is 0.02% of its geographical area.[1][2][3] Naikuri is located at {{coord|22.3151430|N|87.8473663|E|format=dms|}}. Tamluk CD Block is bounded by Panskura, Kolaghat and Sahid Matangini CD Blocks in the north, Shyampur I and Shyampur II CD Blocks, in Howrah district across the Rupnarayan, in the east, Nandakumar CD Block in the south and Moyna CD Block in the west. It is located to the west of Tamluk, the district headquarters. Tamluk CD Block has an area of 123.50 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 12 gram panchayats, 161 gram sansads (village councils), 107 mouzas and 99 inhabited villages. Tamluk police station serves this block.[4] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Tamluk.[5] Gram panchayats of Tamluk block/ panchayat samiti are: Anantapur I, Anantapur II, Bishnubar I, Bishnubar II, Nilkuntha, Padumpur I, Padumpur II, Pipulberia I, Pipulberia II, Srirampur I and Srirampur II.[6]DemographicsPopulationAs per 2011 Census of India Tamluk CD Block had a total population of 217,776, of which 207,064 were rural and 10,712 were urban. There were 112,458 (52%) males and 105,398 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 25,516. Scheduled Castes numbered 21,145 (9.71%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 67 (0.03%).[7] As per 2001 census, Tamluk block had a total population of 204,406, out of which 104,982 were males and 91,424 were females. Tamluk block registered a population growth of 12.06 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.[8] Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.[9] Census Towns in Tamluk CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Anantapur (5,532), Dakshin Baguan (5,180).[7]Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Tamluk CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Harashankar (4,379), Nilkanthia (5,236), Bishnubar (4,957), Babarya (4,692), Putputya (5,300), Srirampur (10,906), Purbba Nukha (4,766), Simulia (6,384), Mirikpur (4,865) and Uttar Sonamul (4,711).[7] LiteracyAs per 2011 census the total number of literates in Tamluk CD Block was 167,388 (87.06% of the population over 6 years) out of which 92,018 (55%) were males and 75,370 (45%) were females.[7] As per 2011 census, literacy in Purba Medinipur district was 87.02%.[10] Purba Medinipur had the highest literacy amongst all the districts of West Bengal in 2011.[11] See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate {{Literacy in CD Blocks of Purba Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}Language and religionAs per the 2001 census, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5%of the population of Purba Medinipur district, followed by Santali (4.6%), Hindi (1.4%), Kurmali Thar (0.7%), Urdu (0.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Odiya (0.4%), Mundari (0.2%), Koda/ Kora (0.1%), Munda (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and others (0.3%). Census information about language is available at the district level or above only.[12] The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.[13][14]However, as of 2019, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered. {{bar box|title=Religion in Tamluk CD Block |titlebar=#ddd |left1= |float=right |bars={{bar percent|Hindu|Orange|81.04}}{{bar percent|Muslim|Green|18.81}}{{bar percent|Others|Yellow|0.15}} }} In 2011 census Hindus numbered 176,478 and formed 81.04% of the population in Tamluk CD Block. Muslims numbered 40,977 and formed 18.81% of the population. Others numbered 321 and formed 0.15% of the population.[15] Rural povertyThe District Human Development Report for Purba Medinipur has provided a CD Block-wise data table for Modified Human Poverty Index of the district. Tamluk CD Block registered 24.38 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHPI was estimated at 24.9. Eleven out of twentyfive CD Blocks were found to be severely deprived in respect of grand CD Block average value of MHPI (CD Blocks with lower amount of poverty are better): All the CD Blocks of Haldia and Contai subdivisions appeared backward, except Ramnagar I & II, of all the blocks of Egra subdivision only Bhagabanpur I appeared backward and in Tamluk subdivision none appeared backward.[16] EconomyLivelihoodIn Tamluk CD Block in 2011, total workers formed 40.43% of the total population and amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 17.91%, agricultural labourers 35.66%, household industry workers 9.31% and other workers 37.11%.[17] InfrastructureThere are 99 inhabited villages in Tamluk CD block. All 99 villages (100%) have power supply. 98 villages (98.99%) have drinking water supply. 20 villages (20.2%) have post offices. 96 villages (96.97%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 24 villages (24.24%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 40 villages (40.40%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 31 villages (31.31%) have agricultural credit societies. 9 villages (9.09%) have banks.[18] In 2007-08, around 40% of rural households in the district had electricity.[19] In 2013-14, there were 32 fertiliser depots, 24 seed stores and 33 fair price shops in the CD Block.[17] Agriculture{{Pie chart|caption= Persons engaged in agriculture in Tamluk CD Block |value1 = 5.22 ||label1 = Bargadars |value2 = 2.69 |label2 = Patta holders |value3 = 1.04 |label3 = Small farmers |value4 = 34.57 |label4 = Marginal farmers |value5 = 56.49 |label5= Agricultural labourers}} According to the District Human Development Report of Purba Medinipur: The agricultural sector is the lifeline of a predominantly rural economy. It is largely dependent on the Low Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 50%) or High Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 27%) for irrigation, as the district does not have a good network of canals, compared to some of the neighbouring districts. In many cases the canals are drainage canals which get the backflow of river water at times of high tide or the rainy season. The average size of land holding in Purba Medinipur, in 2005-06, was 0.73 hectares against 1.01 hectares in West Bengal.[19] In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Tamluk CD Block was 7,516 hectares, out 500 hectares were irrigated by tank water, 700 hectares by deep tube wells, 16 hectares by shallow tube wells, 100 hectares by river lift irrigation and 6,200 hectares by other means.[17] Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.[20] Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Tamluk CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 5.22%, patta (document) holders 2.69%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 1.04%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 34.57% and agricultural labourers 56.49%.[17] In 2013-14, Tamluk CD Block produced 895 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1,432 hectares, 17,889 tonnes of Boro paddy, the spring crop, from 4,885 hectares, 3 tonnes of Aus paddy, the summer crop, from 4 hectares, 1,322 tonnes of wheat from 504 hectares, 785 tonne of jute from 58 hectares and 15 tonnes of potatoes from 1 hectare. It also produced pulses and oil seeds.[17] Betelvine is a major source of livelihood in Purba Medinipur district, particularly in Tamluk and Contai subdivisions. Betelvine production in 2008-09 was the highest amongst all the districts and was around a third of the total state production. In 2008-09, Purba Mednipur produced 2,789 tonnes of cashew nuts from 3,340 hectares of land.[19]
PisciculturePurba Medinipur’s net district domestic product derives one fifth of its earnings from fisheries, the highest amongst all the districts of West Bengal.[19] The nett area available for effective pisciculture in Tamluk CD Block in 2013-14 was 876.00 hectares. 4,126 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 33,376 quintals.[17] BankingIn 2013-14, Tamluk CD Block had offices of 7 commercial banks and 2 gramin banks.[17] Transport{{Howrah–Kharagpur line |collapse=y}}Tamluk CD Block has 36 originating/ terminating bus routes.[17] Tamluk is a station on the Panskura-Haldia line.[21] The line was constructed in 1968[22] and was electrified in 1974-76.[23] NH 116, from Kolaghat to Haldia, passes through this block.[24]EducationIn 2013-14, Tamluk CD Block had 145 primary schools with 10,597 students, 6 middle schools with 552 students, 10 high schools with 6,923 students and 20 higher secondary schools with 22,595 students. Tamluk CD Block had 5 technical/ professional institutions with 208 students and 368 institutions for special and non-formal education with 17,317 students.[17] As per the 2011 census, in Tamluk CD block, amongst the 91 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 46 villages had two or more primary schools, 32 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 21 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.[25] Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya was established at Tamluk (outside this block) in 1948. It is affiliated with Vidyasagar University. It offers courses in arts, science, commerce and education.[26]Tamralipta Institute of Management & Technology was established at Tamluk (outside the block) in 2007. It is affiliated to Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad University of Technology.[27][28]Shahid Matangini Hazra Government College for Women was established in 2015 at Chaksrikrishnapur, PO Kulberia.[29]HealthcareIn 2014, Tamluk CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 2 primary health centres, and 3 private nursing homes with total 65 beds and 4 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 34 family welfare sub centres. 1,562 patients were treated indoor and 112,955 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.[17] Anantapur Rural Hospital at Anantapur, PO Chanserpur (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Tamluk CD block. There is a primary health centre at Kelomal Purbanakha, PO Putputia (with 10 beds).[30] External links
References1. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf|title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur |work= Chapter I Introduction|publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 29 June 2016}} {{Municipalities of West Bengal}}{{Purba Medinipur topics}}2. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/dips/PURBA%20MIDNAPORE-wb.pdf |title = Brief Industrial Profile of Purba Midnapur District |publisher= Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Industries, Government of India | accessdate = 29 June 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262525164_Mapping_Dynamics_of_land_utilization_and_its_changing_Patterns_of_Purba_Medinipure_District_-WB |title = Mapping Dynamics of land utilization and its changing Patterns of Purba Medinipure District - W.B |publisher= researchgate.net | accessdate = 29 June 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 29 March 2019 |}} 5. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Purba Medinipur | work= Map of Purba Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 9 November 2016 }} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Purba Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 22 June 2016}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 1 July 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | accessdate = 7 June 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|deadurl=yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archivedate=September 28, 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |accessdate= 6 July 2016 |last= |first= |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archivedate=27 September 2007 }} 10. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/19-purba-medinipur.html |title = Purba Medinipur (East Midnapore) District: Census 2011 data | work= 2016 Digital Trends |publisher= Census Population 2015 Data | accessdate = 27 June 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/west+bengal.html |title = Districts of West Bengal | work= High Literacy |publisher= Census Population 2015 Data | accessdate = 27 June 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Purba Medinipur , Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Pages 54-55, Table XI: Population by mother-tongue in Purba Medinipur district, 1961-2001|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 15 January 2019|}} 13. ^{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/multi-lingual-bengal/cid/358751 |title = Multilingual Bengal |publisher= The Telegraph, 11 December 2012 | accessdate = 15 January 2019|}} 14. ^{{cite web| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kamtapuri-rajbanshi-make-it-to-list-of-official-languages-in-bengal/1263116 |title = Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal |publisher= Outlook, 28 February 2015 | accessdate = 15 January 2019|}} 15. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 29 June 2016}} 16. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur|work = May 2011. Pages: 2214-215| publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 28 March 2017}} 17. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Tables 2.7, 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 29 March 2019 |}} 18. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Purba Medinipur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 93 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| accessdate = 30 March 2019}} 19. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur|work = May 2011. Pages: 26, 30-33, 37, 61-63, 89-94| publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 28 March 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title=District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work= (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33|publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | accessdate = 29 March 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/panskura-haldia-local-38055/18396/166/6415 |title = 38093=> 38055 Panskura-Haldia Local |work= | publisher= | accessdate = 29 March 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1427346652869-BNR%20history.pdf |title = Year of construction of important BG lines |work= History | publisher= South Eastern Railway | accessdate = 1 July 2016}} 23. ^{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html |title = History of Electrification | publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 1 July 2016}} 24. ^{{cite web | url = http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf | title = National Highways | accessdate = 1 July 2016 | publisher = Ministry of Road Transport and Highways }} 25. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Purba Mednipur, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1091-92, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | accessdate = 30 March 2019}} 26. ^{{cite web| url = http://tamraliptamahavidyalaya.org/main/ |title = Tamralipta Mahaviyalaya | publisher= TM | accessdate = 1 April 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web| url = https://timt.org.in/ |title = TIMT |publisher= TIMT | accessdate = 26 March 2019 }} 28. ^{{cite web| url = https://collegedunia.com/college/16959-tamralipta-institute-of-management-and-technology-timt-medinipur |title = Tamralipta Institute of Management and Technology | |publisher= College Dunia | accessdate = 26 March 2019 }} 29. ^{{cite web | url = http://matanginicollege.ac.in/ | title = Sahid Matangini Hazra Government College for Women | publisher = SMHGCW | accessdate = 30 March 2019}} 30. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 27 March 2019}} 1 : Community development blocks in Purba Medinipur district |
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