“Tavaana: E-Learning Institute for Iranian Civil Society”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Tavaana: E-Learning Institute for Iranian Civil Society provides free online training and Persian and English learning resources to Iranians. Tavaana – meaning "empowered" and "capable" in Persian – was launched in 2010 with a mission “to support active citizenship and civic leadership in Iran through education and civil society capacity building.” ^[1]{{Better source|date=September 2015}}

The initiative uses blended civic education via live e-classrooms, correspondence learning, satellite television, and social networks to provide Iranians with education on democracy, women's rights, religious freedom, civic activism, and more.^[2]{{Better source|date=September 2015}} In addition to online courses, the site offers case studies, interviews, translations, public service announcements, e-books, and an online resource library.^[3]{{Better source|date=September 2015}} TavaanaTech is a Persian-language service providing guidance on circumventing internet censorship and keeping safe online.

History

According to Tavaana's website, the project seeks a “free and open Iranian society, one in which each and every Iranian enjoys equality, justice and the full spectrum of civil and political liberties.”^[4]{{Self-published inline|date=September 2015}} Tavaana was founded by Akbar Atri, a former student leader and drafter of a referendum for a democratic Iranian constitution, and Mariam Memarsadeghi, who previously headed Freedom House’s Middle East and North Africa programs.^[5]

Tavaana was originally incubated as a project of the Center for Liberty in the Middle East through a seed grant from the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.^[6]{{Self-published inline|date=September 2015}}^[7] In 2011 Tavaana became a project of the E-Collaborative for Civic Education (ECCE), a US-based non-profit organization with a mission to leverage technology to promote civic learning and democratic political life internationally.^[8]{{Self-published inline|date=September 2015}}

Activities

Tavaana’s instructor-led courses take place on a live interactive platform. Live sessions are supplemented by a discussion forum, podcasts, video lectures, readings, and assignments. Tavaana has trained over 2,800 students in live classrooms and received over 20,000 course applications.^[9]{{Self-published inline|date=September 2015}}

Tavaana produces video interviews with Iranian and international activists, such as Vaclav Havel and Azar Nafisi, and case studies on civic movements for human rights, democracy, and Internet freedom worldwide, including the Velvet Revolution and the Civil Rights Movement. There are also translations of democracy classics and texts written by Iranian civic leaders, pedagogic resources, public service announcements, and a virtual library of Persian and English resources.^[10]{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2015}}

Tavaana partners with Iranian cartoonist Mana Neyestani to produce weekly cartoons as well as an exclusive series of cartoons titled “Moderation Place,” a satirical look at policies and political developments under Iranian President Rouhani.^[11]{{Nonspecific|date=July 2016}}

Tavaana's social network includes pages on Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Instagram, Soundcloud, Telegram, and YouTube. Tavaana's Facebook page has over 500,000 followers as of July 2016.^[12]{{Third-party inline|date=July 2016}} Tavaana video programming is also broadcast several times weekly over satellite television stations including Andisheh TV.^[13]{{Third-party inline|date=July 2016}}

Courses

Tavaana's offerings include classes on democracy and human rights advocacy, citizen journalism, philosophy of law, NGO management, women's rights, labor organizing, minority rights and the politics of inclusion, LGBT rights, the environment, and religious freedom. The project offers several digital safety and technology activism courses.^[14]{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2016}}^[15]{{Nonspecific|date=July 2016}}

TavaanaTech

In 2012, Tavaana launched TavaanaTech, an open platform for Iranian Internet users to ask questions about digital technology and online safety and receive updates on circumventing censorship, such as through Psiphon. TavaanaTech includes sections on digital safety, computer and Internet news, the Internet in Iran, social networking, and mobile phones and tablets.^[16]{{Self-published source|date=July 2016}}^[17]{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2016}}

Tolerance Project

In 2015, Tavaana launched the [https://tolerance.tavaana.org/ Tolerance Project], an Arabic-Persian-English civic education effort to promote conscience, pluralism, religious freedom, and celebration of difference. The project is aimed at sparking civic dialogue and providing educational resources for audiences in the Middle East to prevent persecution and genocide.^[18]{{Third-party inline|date=July 2016}}

Partnerships

Tavaana has curricular partnerships with several civic education and human rights organizations. Through a joint initiative with Freedom House and the Albert Shanker Institute, Tavaana offers the Democracy Web e-course, translated to Persian. Tavaana partners with The Center for Civic Education/CIVITAS for the translation, adaptation and instruction of the Foundations of Democracy e-course and translation of other curricula.^[19]{{Third-party inline|date=July 2016}}^[20]{{Third-party inline|date=July 2016}} Tavaana has also collaborated closely with the New Tactics in Human Rights Project, Heartland Alliance for Human Rights and Human Needs, George Washington University's Graduate School of Political Management, the Iranian Queer Organization, and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.^[21]{{Self-published inline|date=July 2016}}^[22]{{Third-party inline|date=July 2016}}^[23]{{Third-party inline|date=July 2016}}

Faculty

Prominent Tavaana faculty members include:^[24]^[25]{{better source|date=July 2016}}

Funding

The Tavaana project was launched with a seed grant from the U.S. Department of State's Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. Tavaana has since secured additional funds from the Department of State as well as funding from the National Endowment for Democracy, the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and Google, in addition to individual donors.^[26]{{self published inline|date=July 2016}}^[27] Google provides Tavaana with free AdWords and protection against Denial-of-service attacks through Project Shield.^[28]

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Tavaana: E-Learning Institute for Iranian Civil Society|url=http://whyopenedmatters.org/video/34/tavaana-e-learning-institute-f/|website=Why Open Education Matters|accessdate=3 September 2014}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Memarsadeghi|first1=Mariam|title=In the Here and Now: Civic Education in Advance of Democratic Transition|journal=Legatum Institute|date=November 12, 2012|volume=The Future of Iran: Educational Reform|url=http://www.li.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/in-the-here-and-now-civic-education-in-advance-of-democratic-transition.pdf?sfvrsn=4}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Tavaana|url=http://liefa.com/content/tavaana|website=Liefa Communications|accessdate=3 September 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.eciviced.org/about.html|website=E-Collaborative for Civic Education|accessdate=28 August 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Mariam Memarsadeghi|url=http://www.ihrr.org/ihrr_author/mariam-memarsadeghi-en/|website=Iran Human Rights Review|accessdate=29 August 2014}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Tavaana - Center for Liberty in the Middle East|url=http://www.mideastliberty.org/tavaana.html|website=Center for Liberty in the Middle East|accessdate=3 September 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Supporting Internet Freedom: The Case of Iran|url=http://www.cima.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/CIMA-Iran.pdf|website=Center for International Media Assistance|accessdate=29 June 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=A Letter from the Founders|url=http://www.eciviced.org/|website=E-Collaborative for Civic Education|accessdate=29 August 2014}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Mission & History|url=https://tavaana.org/en/content/mission-history-0|website=Tavaana|accessdate=5 July 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Tavaana|url=http://www.daandirk.nl/tavaana|website=DaanDirk|accessdate=3 September 2014}}
11. ^{{cite web|title= Cartoonist Mana Neyestani speaks on his Iran imprisonment, Charlie Hebdo|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-cam-mana-neyestani-on-graphic-novel-imprisonment-in-iran-20150217-column.html|website=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=27 June 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Tavaana: E-Learning Institute for Iranian Civil Society|url=http://www.socialbakers.com/statistics/facebook/pages/detail/102219203157435-tavaana-e-learning-institute-for-iranian-civil-society|website=Socialbakers|accessdate=6 July 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web|title= توانا |url=http://www.andisheh.tv/index.php?option=com_vimeolisting&view=vimeo&source=channel&channel_name=841659&group_name=musicvideographers&album_name=2575498&per_page=50&sort=date&direction=desc&is_popup=single&thumbnail_show=1&thumbnail_size=2&title_show=1&desc_show=1&length_show=1&length_prefix=Length:%20&date_show=1&date_format=Y.%20m.%20d.&author_show=1&details_wrapper=1&single_show_menu-title=1&single_show_video_description=1&single_show_video_author=1&single_show_video_author_prefix=Uploader:%20&single_show_video_date=1&single_show_video_date_prefix=Date:%20&single_show_video_length=1&single_show_video_length_prefix=Length:%20&iframe_centered=1&iframe_is_fluid=0&iframe_fluid_width=100&iframe_width=570px&iframe_height=500px&iframe_color=4bf&iframe_autoplay=1&iframe_loop=0&iframe_title=1&iframe_byline=1&iframe_portrait=0&Itemid=292&page=3|website=Andisheh TV|accessdate=22 June 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Tavaana|url=https://soundcloud.com/tavaana|website=Soundcloud|accessdate=3 September 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=An Online Freedom University for Iranian Dissidents|url=http://www.freedomcollection.org/news/2014/04/an-online-freedom-university-for-iranian-dissidents/|website=George W. Bush Institute|accessdate=1 July 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Launch of TavaanaTech|url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/launch-of-tavaanatechnew-psasdonatenew-faculty/479596612081286|website=Tavaana: E-Learning Institute for Iranian Civil Society|accessdate=25 October 2012}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=پوشش خبری توانا تک درباره توشه|url=https://www.toosheh.org/media/4105468145734633313|website=Toosheh|accessdate=29 June 2016}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=The Tolerance Project -- Promoting Tolerance in the Middle East|url=http://www.lduk.lt/the-tolerance-project/?lang=en|website=Lithuanian College of Democracy|accessdate=7 July 2016}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Tavaana: New E-Learning Website for Iranian Civil Society|url=https://www.icivics.org/news/tavaana-new-e-learning-website-iranian-civil-society|website=iCivics|accessdate=18 May 2010}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Featured Civitas International Programs Videos|url=http://www.civiced.org/civitas-prog-media/civitas-video-gallery|website=Center for Civic Education|accessdate=1 July 2016}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Partnerships|url=https://tavaana.org/en/content/partnerships|website=Tavaana|accessdate=1 July 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=A Practical Course in Democracy for Iran|url=http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2010/06/20100604133956kjleinad0.8619654.html#axzz4DBs3mOBZ|website=US Department of State, IIP Digital|accessdate=1 July 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Related Links|url=https://www.ushmm.org/confront-antisemitism/holocaust-denial-and-distortion/iran-cartoon-exhibition/additional-resources/related-links|website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|accessdate=1 July 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Tavaana Teachers|url=https://tavaana.org/en/content/tavaana-teachers|website=Tavaana|accessdate=15 May 2018}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Defending human rights, empowering civil society in Iran|url=http://www.demdigest.net/defending-human-rights-empowering-civil-society-iran/|website=Democracy Digest|accessdate=28 June 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=Tavaana's Fourth Anniversary|url=https://tavaana.org/en/content/tavaanas-fourth-anniversary|website=Tavaana|accessdate=17 May 2014}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=E-Collaborative for Civic Education|url=http://www.guidestar.org/profile/27-3638741|website=Guidestar|accessdate=29 June 2016}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Google's Jigsaw will 'tackle toughest geopolitical challenges'|url=http://money.cnn.com/2016/02/17/technology/google-jigsaw/|website=CNN Money|accessdate=21 June 2016}}