| 词条 | Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey |
| 释义 |
| name = Thomas Holland | title = Duke of Surrey Earl of Kent Baron Holland | caption = Arms of Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey | spouse = Lady Joan Stafford, daughter of Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford | issue = None | house = Holland | father = Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent | mother = Lady Alice FitzAlan | birth_date = 1374 | birth_place = Fotheringhay, Northamptonshire | death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|1400|1|7}} (aged around 26) }} Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Kent, 4th Baron Holland, KG, Earl Marshal (1374{{snd}}7 January 1400) was an English nobleman. Early life and familyHe was the son of the 2nd Earl of Kent and Lady Alice FitzAlan. His maternal grandparents were the 10th Earl of Arundel and Lady Eleanor of Lancaster. He was also a nephew of King Richard II, and a Knight of the Garter. In 1394 he and his father accompanied the king to Ireland.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|loc=Vol. 2|p=497}} On his father's death in 1397 he succeeded him as 3rd Earl of Kent and 4th Baron Holland. At that time Kent's uncle King Richard II was removing the Duke of Gloucester and his associates from power, and sent Kent to arrest his own uncle, the Earl of Arundel. In reward he received a share of the forfeited estates, and on 29 September 1397 was created Duke of Surrey. Another uncle, the Earl of Huntingdon, was created Duke of Exeter on that day as well. In 1398 he founded Mount Grace Priory in Yorkshire. Last years and executionSurrey, along with many of King Richard II's advisors, was arrested after the King's deposition by King Henry IV in 1399. In the end he had to forfeit the honours and estates he had gained after the arrests of Gloucester and Arundel, in particular the Dukedom of Surrey, although he retained the Earldom of Kent. Early in 1400, Kent, along with his uncle, the Earl of Huntingdon (no longer Duke of Exeter), plotted to kill King Henry IV and free King Richard II from prison and return him to the throne. This "Epiphany Rising" failed and Kent was captured and executed. He left no children by his wife, Lady Joan Stafford, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Stafford. He was succeeded as Earl of Kent by his brother Edmund. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |1. Thomas Holland |2. Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent |3. Alice FitzAlan, Countess of Kent |4. Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent |5. Joan of Kent |6. Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel |7. Eleanor of Lancaster |8. Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand |9. Maude la Zouche |10. Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent |11. Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake |12. Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel |13. Alice de Warenne |14. Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster |15. Maud Chaworth |16. Sir Robert de Holland of Upholland |17. Elizabeth, daughter of William de Samlesbury |18. Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby |19. Eleanor de Segrave |20. Edward I of England |21. Margaret of France |22. John Wake, 1st Baron Wake of Liddell |23. Joan Fiennes |24. Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel |25. Alice of Saluzzo |26. William de Warenne |27. Joan de Vere |28. Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster |29. Blanche of Artois |30. Sir Patrick de Chaworth, Lord of Kidwelly |31. Isabella de Beauchamp |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; }} Titles and styles
Footnotes1. ^(M.S. Harl. 5805, f. 392) {{ISBN|0-906223-34-2}}. The Art of Heraldry by A.C. Fox-Davies. Page 97. Fig 201. (Image by Zorlot). References
13 : 1374 births|1400 deaths|Earls Marshal|Knights of the Garter|People executed under the Lancastrians|Executed people from Northamptonshire|Dukes in the Peerage of England|People from Fotheringhay|People executed under the Plantagenets for treason against England|Male Shakespearean characters|Holland family|Earls of Kent (1360)|Lords Lieutenant of Ireland |
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