| 词条 | Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent |
| 释义 |
| name = Thomas Holland | title = Earl of Kent | image = Arms of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent.svg | image_size = | caption = Arms of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent: Arms of King Edward I within a bordure argent | alt = | spouse = Alice FitzAlan | spouse-type = Spouse | issue = {{ubl|Alianore Holland, Countess of March| Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey| Joan Holland, Duchess of York| Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent| Margaret Holland, Duchess of Clarence| Eleanor Holland, Countess of Salisbury}} | issue-link = #Marriage and children | issue-pipe = more... | titles = Earl of Kent Baron Holand Baron Wake of Liddell | noble family = Holland family | house-type = | father = Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent | mother = Joan of Kent | birth_date = 1350 | birth_place = Upholland, Lancashire, England | death_date = 25 April 1397 (aged 46–47) | death_place = Arundel Castle, Sussex, England | burial_date = | burial_place = Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire }} Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent {{postnominals|country=GBR|KG}} (1350{{snd}}25 April 1397) was an English nobleman and a councillor of his half-brother, King Richard II of England. Family and early LifeThomas Holland was born in Upholand, Lancashire, in 1350.{{sfn|Stansfield|1987|p=28}} He was the eldest surviving son of Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent, and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent".{{sfn|Archbold|1891|p=157}} His mother was a daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, and Margaret Wake. Edmund was in turn a son of Edward I of England and his second Queen consort Marguerite of France, and thus a younger half-brother of Edward II of England. His father died in 1360, and later that year, on 28 December, Thomas became Baron Holand. His mother was still Countess of Kent in her own right, and in 1361 she married Edward, the Black Prince, the son of King Edward III. Military careerAt sixteen, in 1366, Holland was appointed captain of the English forces in Aquitaine.{{sfn|Archbold|1891|p=157}} Over the next decade he fought in various campaigns, including the Battle of Nájera, under the command of his stepfather Edward, the Black Prince. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1375.{{sfn|Archbold|1891|p=157}} Richard II became king in 1377, and soon Holland acquired great influence over his younger half-brother, which he used for his own enrichment. In 1381, he succeeded as Earl of Kent.{{sfn|Archbold|1891|p=157}} Later years and deathPrior to his death, Holland was appointed Governor of Carisbrooke Castle.{{sfn|Archbold|1891|p=157}} Holland died at Arundel Castle, Sussex, England on 25 April 1397.{{sfn|Cokayne|1929|p=156}} Titles and styles
Marriage and childrenOn 10 April 1364 Holland married Lady Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel by his wife Eleanor of Lancaster. By his wife he had four sons and six daughters.{{sfn|Stansfield|1987|p=98}} All the sons died without legitimate children, whereupon the daughters and their issue became co-heiresses to the House of Holland. The children were as follows: Sons
Daughters{{refimprove section|date=May 2016}}By his daughters' marriages, he became the ancestor of many of the prominent figures in the Wars of the Roses, including Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (father of Kings Edward IV and Richard III), Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII), and Warwick the Kingmaker, father of queen consort Anne Neville. He was also an ancestor of queen consort Catherine Parr, the sixth and last wife of King Henry VIII. His daughters were as follows:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |1. Thomas Holland |2. Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent |3. Joan of Kent |4. Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand |5. Maude la Zouche |6. Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent |7. Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake |8. Sir Robert de Holland of Upholland |9. Elizabeth de Samlesbury |10. Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby |11. Eleanor de Segrave |12. Edward I of England |13. Margaret of France |14. John Wake, 1st Baron Wake of Liddell |15. Joan Fiennes |16. |17. |18. William de Samlesbury |19. |20. Roger La Zouche |21. Ela Longespee |22. |23. |24. Henry III of England |25. Eleanor of Provence |26. Philip III of France |27. Maria of Brabant |28. Sir Baldwin of Liddell Wake |29. Hawise de Quincy |30. Sir William de Fiennes |31. Blanche de Brienne |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; }} Footnotes1. ^{{Harvnb|Richardson III|2011|p=249}}. References
south of Trent|years=1377–1397}}{{S-aft|after=The Earl of Rutland}}{{S-reg|en}}{{S-bef|before=Thomas Holland|rows=2}}{{S-ttl|title=Earl of Kent|years=1381–1397|creation=1360 creation}}{{S-aft|after=Thomas Holland|rows=4}}{{S-ttl|title=Baron Holand|years=1360–1397}}{{S-bef|before=Joan of Kent|rows=2}}{{S-ttl|title=Earl of Kent|years=1385–1397|creation=1321 creation}} |-{{S-ttl|title=Baron Wake of Lidell|years=1385–1397}}{{s-end}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kent, Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of}} 6 : 1350 births|1397 deaths|Earls of Kent (1360)|Edward the Black Prince|Holland family|Knights of the Garter |
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