| 词条 | Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan |
| 释义 |
|name = Thomas McKennan |image = TMTMcK.jpg |office = 2nd United States Secretary of the Interior |president = Millard Fillmore |term_start = August 15, 1850 |term_end = August 26, 1850 |predecessor = Thomas Ewing |successor = Alexander Stuart |state1 = Pennsylvania |district1 = {{ushr|PA|21|21st}} |term_start1 = May 30, 1842 |term_end1 = March 3, 1843 |predecessor1 = Joseph Lawrence |successor1 = William Wilkins |term_start2 = March 4, 1833 |term_end2 = March 3, 1839 |predecessor2 = Constituency established |successor2 = Isaac Leet |state3 = Pennsylvania |district3 = {{ushr|PA|15|15th}} |term_start3 = March 4, 1831 |term_end3 = March 3, 1833 |predecessor3 = William McCreery |successor3 = Andrew Beaumont |birth_name = Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan |birth_date = {{birth date|1794|3|31}} |birth_place = New Castle, Delaware, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1852|7|9|1794|7|9}} |death_place = Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S. |party = Anti-Masonic {{small|(Before 1842)}} Whig {{small|(1842–1852)}} |spouse = Matilda Bowman |children = 8 |education = Washington and Jefferson College {{small|(BA)}} }} Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan (March 31, 1794 – July 9, 1852) was a 19th-century politician and lawyer who served briefly as United States Secretary of the Interior under President Millard Fillmore. Early lifeMcKennan was born in New Castle, Delaware on March 31, 1794, the son of Col. William and Elizabeth Thompson McKennan. He later moved with his family to Washington, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Washington College in 1810 and was admitted to the bar in 1814, commencing practice in Washington. CareerEarly careerHe was a member of the Union Literary Society at Washington College.[1] In a January 1811 speech to the Union Society, McKennan outlined the seven areas of study (Latin and Greek; Mathematics; Rhetoric; Logic; Geography and History; Natural Philosophy; and Moral Philosophy) that comprised the college's curriculum at the time. He worked as a tutor at Washington College in 1813, as he was studying law.[2] Later, he was a Trustee of the College and was often asked to be President of Washington College, but he refused every time.[2] Pennsylvania politicsHe was deputy attorney general of Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1816, and served on the Town Council in Washington, Pennsylvania, from 1818 to 1830, and was elected to the twenty-second congress in 1830. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1831 to 1839, where he made a protective tariff his top priority. McKennan refused to stand as a candidate again in the 1838 elections, and retired from Congress. He served again from 1842 to 1843 as both an Anti-Masonic and Whig to complete the term of his late successor Joseph Lawrence. (The special election was set for May 20, 1842.[3]) He was the chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals in the twenty-seventh congress. Despite immense pressure from associates, friends, and the Washington County Whig Party, McKennan again refused to run for another term in Congress, declaring that he had done his duty by serving in public office, and it was time to return to Washington, Pennsylvania, and focus on his law practice. In 1844, his supporters in his hometown of Washington, Pennsylvania, unsuccessfully tried to stir up interest in McKennan as a running mate for Henry Clay, and there is no indication that McKennan himself approved of the idea. McKennan also resisted efforts to entice him to run for governor of Pennsylvania in the 1840s, but in 1848, he served as president of the Pennsylvania electoral college. Secretary of the InteriorUpon Millard Fillmore becoming the President of the United States, McKennan was offered the position of the United States Secretary of the Interior, but was reluctant to accept; only after intense pressure from friends and associates did he relent. Almost immediately, he regretted his decision, and resigned after a tenure of only 11 days. McKennan cited his "peculiar nervous temperament" which responded to excitement and depression for his reason to resign.[4] During his brief time as Secretary, McKennan was the head of the 1850 Census, which was being conducted that summer, and he issued a remarkably foresighted statement on the importance of protecting individual privacy: Information has been received at this office that in some cases unnecessary exposure has been made by the assistant marshals with reference to the business and pursuits, and other facts relating to individuals, merely to gratify curiosity, or the facts applied to the private use or pecuniary advantage of the assistant, to the injury of others. Such a use of the returns was neither contemplated by the act itself nor justified by the intentions and designs of those who enacted the law. No individual employed under sanction of the Government to obtain these facts has a right to promulgate or expose them without authority. Later careerFollowing his resignation, McKennan took on a less stressful job as the president of the Hempfield Railroad, which was then under construction between Wheeling, Virginia, and Greensburg, Pennsylvania, through his own town of Washington (in 1871, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad purchased the financially hobbled Hempfield). Personal lifeOn December 6, 1815, McKennan married Matilda Lourie Bowman. They had eight children together:
McKennan died on July 9, 1852, in Reading, Pennsylvania, while on Hempfield Railroad business, and was interred at the Washington Cemetery in his long-time home of Washington, Pennsylvania. References1. ^{{Cite book| last = McClelland| first = W.C.|chapter= A History of Literary Societies at Washington & Jefferson College|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1QyAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111 | publisher = George H. Buchanan and Company|title=The Centennial Celebration of the Chartering of Jefferson College in 1802| year= 1903 | location = Philadelphia| pages = 111–132| url = https://books.google.com/?id=t1QyAAAAYAAJ}} 2. ^1 {{cite book| last =Coleman | first =Helen Turnbull Waite| title = Banners in the Wilderness: The Early Years of Washington and Jefferson College| publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press| year= 1956| url = https://archive.org/details/bannersinthewild012852mbp| oclc = 2191890|pages=103–104}} 3. ^{{Cite news | title=Special Election | newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer | page=2 | date=April 28, 1842 }} 4. ^Eugene P. Trani, The Secretaries of the Department of the Interior 1849-1969 (National Anthropological Archives, 1975), p. 68 5. ^Thomas. M.T. McKennan, Circular to the United States Marshals and Assistants, cited in "[https://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/conmono2.pdf Census Confidentiality and Privacy: 1790-2002]." External links{{commons category}}{{CongBio|M000501}}
| state=Pennsylvania | district=15 | before=William McCreery | after=Andrew Beaumont | years=1831–1833 }}{{USRepSuccessionBox | state=Pennsylvania | district=21 | before=(none) | after=Isaac Leet | years=1833–1839 }}{{USRepSuccessionBox | state=Pennsylvania | district=21 | before=Joseph Lawrence | after=William Wilkins | years=1842–1843 }}{{s-off}}{{U.S. Cabinet official box |before= Thomas Ewing |after= Alexander H. H. Stuart |years= 1850 |president= Millard Fillmore |department= Secretary of the Interior}}{{s-end}}{{USSecInterior}}{{Fillmore cabinet}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:McKennan, Thomas M. T.}} 13 : 1794 births|1852 deaths|People from New Castle, Delaware|United States Secretaries of the Interior|Fillmore administration cabinet members|Anti-Masonic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania Whigs|Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives|19th-century American politicians|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania|Washington & Jefferson College alumni|Washington & Jefferson College faculty|Washington & Jefferson College trustees |
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