| 词条 | Tersicoccus phoenicis |
| 释义 |
| name = Tersicoccus phoenicis | image = PIA17369-NASA-Bacteria-TersicoccusPhoenicis-20131106.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = Microscopic image of Tersicoccus phoenicis | regnum = Bacteria | phylum = Actinobacteria | classis = Actinobacteria | subclassis = Actinobacteridae | ordo = Actinomycetales | subordo = Micrococcineae | familia = Micrococcaceae | genus = Tersicoccus | species = T. phoenicis | binomial = Tersicoccus phoenicis | binomial_authority = Vaishampayan, et al., 2013[3] }}Tersicoccus phoenicis is a member of the bacterial family Micrococcaceae. It has only been found in two spacecraft assembly clean room facilities and is resistant to the methods normally used to clean such facilities. The species name is derived from tersi, Latin for clean; coccus, Greek for berry; and phoenicis, from NASA's Phoenix lander, the spacecraft being prepared when these bacteria were first discovered. OccurrenceT. phoenicis are only known to exist at two locations on Earth, and were independently found in geographically separated clean room facilities nearly {{convert|2500|mi|km|disp=flip|abbr=on}} apart.[3] One example was located during a 2007 microbial test swabbing of the Phoenix lander{{'s}} clean room floor in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at Kennedy Space Center (Florida, United States),[8] while the other was found in the Herschel Space Observatory's clean room at Guiana Space Centre (Kourou, French Guiana).[9]Parag Vaishampayan, a microbiologist with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, suggests that this species may exist naturally outside of the clean room environment but has not been seen before due to the difficulty in isolating a single microbe type among the wide variety of different types found in nature. CharacteristicsThese bacteria are non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, and Gram-positive.[3][12] They are roughly spherical (coccus) in shape and measure approximately {{convert|0.00004|in|μm|0|disp=flip}} in diameter.[13] This species maintains a coccal morphology throughout their growth; the rod–coccus life cycle typically observed in nearly all Arthrobacter species is not present.[3] They are able to survive in environments with few nutrients. Two strains of T. phoenicis are known to exist, one at each discovery site: 1P05MAT at the American facility and KO_PS43 at the French Guianan facility.[8][9] SignificanceBecause species like T. phoenicis are hardy enough to survive the sterilization measures used in spacecraft clean rooms, scientists study them and index their genetic material so that if a potential extraterrestrial bacterium were returned to Earth aboard a spacecraft, it could be compared to the index and ruled out as something that may have been originally launched with the spacecraft. Additionally, by examining the characteristics of resistant microbes such as T. phoenicis, scientists may be able to develop improved sterilization methods.[12][20] This is necessary to prevent the contamination of other celestial bodies by organisms aboard visiting spacecraft,[20] which may have already occurred with the Curiosity rover on Mars.[22][23] RecognitionOn May 23, 2014, the International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE) declared the bacterium as one of its "Top 10 New Species of 2014", selected from species discovered in 2013, due to the unusual location of its discovery and resistance to sterilization.[24][25][26] See also{{Wikispecies|Tersicoccus phoenicis}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |title=Description of Tersicoccus phoenicis gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from spacecraft assembly clean room environments |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |first1=Parag |last1=Vaishampayan |first2=Christine |last2=Moissl-Eichinger |first3=Rüdiger |last3=Pukall |first4=Peter |last4=Schumann |first5=Cathrin |last5=Spröer |first6=Angela |last6=Augustus |first7=Anne |last7=Hayden Roberts |first8=Greg |last8=Namba |first9=Jessica |last9=Cisneros |first10=Tina |last10=Salmassi |first11=Kasthuri |last11=Venkateswaran |display-authors=5 |volume=63 |issue=Pt 7 |pages=2463–2471 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23223813 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.047134-0}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.dsmz.de/catalogues/details/culture/DSM-30849.html |title=Details: DSM-30849 |publisher=Leibniz Institut DSMZ |accessdate=November 10, 2013}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.dsmz.de/catalogues/details/culture/DSM-30842.html |title=Details: DSM-30842 |publisher=Leibniz Institut DSMZ |accessdate=November 10, 2013}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/13890 |title=Hardy Bacterium Isolated From Two Geographically Distinct Spacecraft Assembly Cleanroom Facilities |work=NASA Tech Briefs |first1=Parag |last1=Vaishampayan |first2=Kasthuri |last2=Venkateswaran |first3=Petra |last3=Schwendner |first4=Christine |last4=Moissl-Eichinger |date=June 1, 2012 |accessdate=November 10, 2013}} 5. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/10432816/New-life-found-in-Nasas-spacecraft-clean-rooms.html |title=New life found in Nasa's spacecraft clean rooms |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=November 7, 2013 |accessdate=November 10, 2013}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57611307-1/new-species-of-microbe-thrives-in-spacecraft-clean-rooms/ |title=New species of microbe thrives in spacecraft clean rooms |work=CNET.com |first=Amanda |last=Kooser |date=November 7, 2013 |accessdate=November 10, 2013}} 7. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasas-mars-rover-curiositt/ |title=NASA's Mars Rover Curiosity Had Planetary Protection Slipup |work=Scientific American |first=Leonard |last=David |date=December 1, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530025217/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasas-mars-rover-curiositt/ |archivedate=May 30, 2014 |deadurl=no}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/news/microbial-stowaways-to-mars-identified-1.15249 |title=Microbial stowaways to Mars identified |journal=Nature |first=Jyoti |last=Madhusoodanan |date=May 19, 2014 |accessdate=May 23, 2014 |doi=10.1038/nature.2014.15249}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.esf.edu/top10/08.htm |title=Clean Room Microbes: Alien Invaders? |series=Top 10 New Species of 2014 |publisher=State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524003729/http://www.esf.edu/top10/08.htm |archivedate=May 24, 2014 |deadurl=no}} 10. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140522-top-ten-new-species-2014-biodiversity/ |title=Top 10 New Species of 2014 |work=National Geographic |first=Jennifer |last=Frazer |date=May 22, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525173520/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140522-top-ten-new-species-2014-biodiversity/ |archivedate=May 25, 2014 |deadurl=no}} 11. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/environment/tinkerbell-and-cuddly-bears-top-new-species-list-1.1804252 |title=Tinkerbell and cuddly bears top new species list |work=The Irish Times |first=Dick |last=Ahlstrom |date=May 22, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525080616/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/environment/tinkerbell-and-cuddly-bears-top-new-species-list-1.1804252 |archivedate=May 25, 2014 |deadurl=no}} }} External links
3 : Bacteria described in 2013|Micrococcineae|Extremophiles |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。